Dryas octopetala: Difference between revisions
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'''''Dryas octopetala''''' ([[common name]]s include '''mountain avens''',<ref name=BSBI07>{{cite web|title=BSBI List 2007 |
'''''Dryas octopetala''''' ([[common name]]s include '''mountain avens''',<ref name=BSBI07>{{cite web|title=BSBI List 2007|publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland|url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls|format=xls|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6VqJ46atN?url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls|archivedate=2015-01-25|accessdate=2014-10-17|deadurl=yes|df=}}</ref> '''eightpetal mountain-avens''', '''white dryas''', and '''white dryad''') is an [[Arctic–alpine]] [[flowering plant]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Rosaceae]]. It is a small [[Prostrate shrub|prostrate]] [[evergreen]] [[subshrub]] forming large colonies. The [[specific name (botany)|specific epithet]] ''octopetala'' derives from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''octo'' (eight) and ''petalon'' ([[petal]]), referring to the eight petals of the flower, an unusual number in the Rosaceae, where five is the normal number. However, flowers with up to 16 petals also occur naturally. |
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==Distribution== |
==Distribution== |
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''Dryas octopetala'' has a widespread occurrence throughout mountainous areas where it is generally restricted to limestone outcrops. These include the entire Arctic, as well as the mountains of Scandinavia, Iceland, the Alps, Carpathian Mountains, Balkans, Caucasus and in isolated locations elsewhere. In Great Britain it occurs in the Pennines (northern England), at two locations in Snowdonia (north Wales), and more widely in the Scottish Highlands; in Ireland it occurs on The Burren and a few other sites. In North America it is found in Alaska, most frequently on previously glaciated terrain, and through the Canadian rockies <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plantsofcanada.info.gc.ca/taxa.php?lang=e&gid=1001748|title=Plants of Canada Database - Dryas octopetala|publisher=Government of Canada|accessdate=21 February 2016}}</ref>reaching as far south as Colorado in the Rocky Mountains. |
''Dryas octopetala'' has a widespread occurrence throughout mountainous areas where it is generally restricted to limestone outcrops. These include the entire Arctic, as well as the mountains of Scandinavia, Iceland, the Alps, Carpathian Mountains, Balkans, Caucasus and in isolated locations elsewhere. In Great Britain it occurs in the Pennines (northern England), at two locations in Snowdonia (north Wales), and more widely in the Scottish Highlands; in Ireland it occurs on The Burren and a few other sites. In North America it is found in Alaska, most frequently on previously glaciated terrain, and through the Canadian rockies <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plantsofcanada.info.gc.ca/taxa.php?lang=e&gid=1001748|title=Plants of Canada Database - Dryas octopetala|publisher=Government of Canada|accessdate=21 February 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307180350/http://www.plantsofcanada.info.gc.ca/taxa.php?lang=e&gid=1001748|archivedate=7 March 2016|df=}}</ref>reaching as far south as Colorado in the Rocky Mountains. |
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As a [[floral emblem]], it is the official territorial flower of the [[Northwest Territories]] and the national flower of [[Iceland]]. |
As a [[floral emblem]], it is the official territorial flower of the [[Northwest Territories]] and the national flower of [[Iceland]]. |
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Revision as of 08:20, 14 September 2017
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| The distribution of Dryas octopetala. | |
Dryas octopetala (common names include mountain avens,[1] eightpetal mountain-avens, white dryas, and white dryad) is an Arctic–alpine flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. It is a small prostrate evergreen subshrub forming large colonies. The specific epithet octopetala derives from the Greek octo (eight) and petalon (petal), referring to the eight petals of the flower, an unusual number in the Rosaceae, where five is the normal number. However, flowers with up to 16 petals also occur naturally.
Distribution
Dryas octopetala has a widespread occurrence throughout mountainous areas where it is generally restricted to limestone outcrops. These include the entire Arctic, as well as the mountains of Scandinavia, Iceland, the Alps, Carpathian Mountains, Balkans, Caucasus and in isolated locations elsewhere. In Great Britain it occurs in the Pennines (northern England), at two locations in Snowdonia (north Wales), and more widely in the Scottish Highlands; in Ireland it occurs on The Burren and a few other sites. In North America it is found in Alaska, most frequently on previously glaciated terrain, and through the Canadian rockies [2]reaching as far south as Colorado in the Rocky Mountains.
As a floral emblem, it is the official territorial flower of the Northwest Territories and the national flower of Iceland.
Description
The stems are woody, tortuous, with short, horizontal rooting branches. The leaves are glabrous above, densely white-tomentose beneath. The flowers are produced on stalks 3–10 cm (1.2–3.9 in) long, and have eight creamy white petals - hence the specific epithet octopetala.[3] The style is persistent on the fruit with white feathery hairs, functioning as a wind-dispersal agent. The feathery hairs of the seed head first appear twisted together and glossy before spreading out to an expanded ball which the wind quickly disperses.
It grows in dry localities where snow melts early, on gravel and rocky barrens, forming a distinct heath community on calcareous soils.
Climatology
The Younger Dryas, Older Dryas and Oldest Dryas stadials are named after Dryas octopetala, because of the great quantities of its pollen found in cores dating from those times. During these cold spells, Dryas octopetala was much more widely distributed than it is today, as large parts of the northern hemisphere that are now covered by forests were replaced in the cold periods by tundra.
Cultivation
D. octopetala is cultivated in temperate regions as groundcover, or as an alpine or rock garden plant. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[4] The leaves are occasionally used as a herbal tea.
Image gallery
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Seed head of Dryas octopetala -
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References
- ^ "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-01-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Plants of Canada Database - Dryas octopetala". Government of Canada. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. p. 224. ISBN 9781845337315.
- ^ "Dryas octopetala". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
Further reading
- Elkington, T. T. (1971). "Dryas Octopetala L.". Journal of Ecology. 59 (3): 887–905. doi:10.2307/2258146. JSTOR 2258146.
- Fisher, P. J.; et al. (1995). "Fungal Endophytes of Dryas octopetala from a High Arctic Polar Semidesert and from the Swiss Alps". Mycologia. 87 (3): 319–323. doi:10.2307/3760828. JSTOR 3760828.
- Skrede, Inger; et al. (2006). "Refugia, differentiation and postglacial migration in arctic-alpine Eurasia, exemplified by the mountain avens (Dryas octopetala L.)". Molecular Ecology. 15 (7): 1827–1840. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02908.x. PMID 16689901.