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[[File:A6M2 5349.jpg|right|thumb|Toyoshima's crashed aircraft]]
[[File:A6M2 5349.jpg|right|thumb|Toyoshima's crashed aircraft]]
{{main|Bombing of Darwin}}
{{main|Bombing of Darwin}}
Toyoshima took part of the 19 February 1942 [[Bombing of Darwin|Japanese air-raid]] on [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]], [[Australia]].<ref name="AustralianWarMemorial_Australia–JapanResearchProject_CowraBreakout"/><ref name="GoogleBooks_UQP_1994_HarryGordon_Voyagefromshame">{{cite book|last=Gordon|first=Harry|title=Voyage from shame: the Cowra breakout and afterwards|publisher=[[University of Queensland Press]]|year=1978|chapter=2|isbn=0-7022-2628-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=auwBZMslUj4C&pg=PA24&lpg=PA24&dq=%22Minami+tadao%22&source=bl&ots=6rkij_DhqQ&sig=oHa3SSzicbDjksuMk2Qp9b8fXwE&hl=en&ei=ziTUS4ivEs-gkQWL0ai1DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CA8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22Minami%20tadao%22&f=false}}</ref> His Zero, [[tail code]] BII-124,<ref name="GoogleBooks_UQP_1994_HarryGordon_Voyagefromshame"/><ref name="NLA_PictureAustralia_SergeantHajimeToyoshima">{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.cs-pa-http%25253A%25252F%25252Fcas.awm.gov.au%25252Fphotograph%25252FP00022.001|title=Sergeant (Sgt) Hajime Toyoshima (left), the first Japanese prisoner of war (POW)|publisher=[[National Library of Australia]]|accessdate=21 April 2010}}</ref> was launched from the [[Japanese aircraft carrier Hiryū|IJS Hiryu]].<ref name="AWM_AustraliaJapanReseachProject_AWMP00022.002">{{cite web|url=http://ajrp.awm.gov.au/AJRP/AJRP2.nsf/437f72f8ac2c07238525661a00063aa6/2847ff0fc275a25eca256946001ef8af?OpenDocument|title=Australia under attack: 1942 to 1943|last=Reid|first=Richard|publisher=[[Australian War Memorial]]|accessdate=21 April 2010}}</ref> His Zero crash-landed on Melville Island,<ref name="ABC News (Australia) - 13 October 2015 - Statue to honour Matthias Ullungura, first man to capture WWII prisoner of war">{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-13/statue-to-honour-nt-wwii-hero-matthias-ullungura/6851704|title=Statue to honour Matthias Ullungura, first man to capture WWII prisoner of war|date=13 October 2015|work=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|accessdate=4 October 2016}}</ref> where he was taken prisoner by local islander [[Matthias Ulungura]].<ref name="NLA_PictureAustralia_SergeantHajimeToyoshima"/><ref name="hall">{{cite book|last=Hall|first=Robert|title=The Black Diggers: Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders in the Second World War|year=1997|publisher=Aboriginal Studies Press|isbn=9780855753191|page=100}}</ref> Toyoshima was the first Japanese [[Prisoner of War]] to be captured in [[States and territories of Australia|Australian territorial jurisdiction]].<ref name="AustralianWarMemorial_Australia–JapanResearchProject_CowraBreakout"/><ref name="ww2australia.gov.au_CowraBreakout_HajimeToyoshima">{{cite web|url=http://www.ww2australia.gov.au/allin/breakout.html|title=All in - 'break-out' |publisher=[[Government of Australia|www.ww2australia.gov.au]]|accessdate=21 April 2010}}</ref> Toyoshima suffered only superficial injuries in the crash-landing.<ref name="GoogleBooks_UQP_1994_HarryGordon_Voyagefromshame"/> He strove to move as far away from his Zero on foot, understanding that the aircraft would aid [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] [[Military intelligence]].<ref name="GoogleBooks_UQP_1994_HarryGordon_Voyagefromshame"/> Before Toyoshima's crash, only nine Zeros had been shot down in [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|the Pearl Harbor attack]], 74 days before the first Air Raid on Darwin; their pilots had died, and the badly damaged wrecks were of little use.<ref name="GoogleBooks_UQP_1994_HarryGordon_Voyagefromshame"/><ref name="KogasZero">{{cite book|last=Rearden|first=Jim|title=Koga's Zero: The Fighter That Changed World War II|isbn=0-929521-56-0|url=http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/1997/2/1997_2_56.shtml}}</ref>
Toyoshima took part of the 19 February 1942 [[Bombing of Darwin|Japanese air-raid]] on [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]], [[Australia]].<ref name="AustralianWarMemorial_Australia–JapanResearchProject_CowraBreakout"/><ref name="GoogleBooks_UQP_1994_HarryGordon_Voyagefromshame">{{cite book|last=Gordon|first=Harry|title=Voyage from shame: the Cowra breakout and afterwards|publisher=[[University of Queensland Press]]|year=1978|chapter=2|isbn=0-7022-2628-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=auwBZMslUj4C&pg=PA24&lpg=PA24&dq=%22Minami+tadao%22&source=bl&ots=6rkij_DhqQ&sig=oHa3SSzicbDjksuMk2Qp9b8fXwE&hl=en&ei=ziTUS4ivEs-gkQWL0ai1DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CA8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22Minami%20tadao%22&f=false}}</ref> His Zero, [[tail code]] BII-124,<ref name="GoogleBooks_UQP_1994_HarryGordon_Voyagefromshame"/><ref name="NLA_PictureAustralia_SergeantHajimeToyoshima">{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.cs-pa-http%25253A%25252F%25252Fcas.awm.gov.au%25252Fphotograph%25252FP00022.001|title=Sergeant (Sgt) Hajime Toyoshima (left), the first Japanese prisoner of war (POW)|publisher=[[National Library of Australia]]|accessdate=21 April 2010}}</ref> was launched from the [[Japanese aircraft carrier Hiryū|IJS Hiryu]].<ref name="AWM_AustraliaJapanReseachProject_AWMP00022.002">{{cite web|url=http://ajrp.awm.gov.au/AJRP/AJRP2.nsf/437f72f8ac2c07238525661a00063aa6/2847ff0fc275a25eca256946001ef8af?OpenDocument|title=Australia under attack: 1942 to 1943|last=Reid|first=Richard|publisher=[[Australian War Memorial]]|accessdate=21 April 2010}}</ref> His Zero crash-landed on Melville Island,<ref name="ABC News (Australia) - 13 October 2015 - Statue to honour Matthias Ullungura, first man to capture WWII prisoner of war">{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-13/statue-to-honour-nt-wwii-hero-matthias-ullungura/6851704|title=Statue to honour Matthias Ullungura, first man to capture WWII prisoner of war|date=13 October 2015|work=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|accessdate=4 October 2016}}</ref> where he was taken prisoner by local islander [[Matthias Ulungura]].<ref name="NLA_PictureAustralia_SergeantHajimeToyoshima"/><ref name="hall">{{cite book|last=Hall|first=Robert|title=The Black Diggers: Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders in the Second World War|year=1997|publisher=Aboriginal Studies Press|isbn=9780855753191|page=100}}</ref> Toyoshima was the first Japanese [[Prisoner of War]] to be captured in [[States and territories of Australia|Australian territorial jurisdiction]].<ref name="AustralianWarMemorial_Australia–JapanResearchProject_CowraBreakout"/><ref name="ww2australia.gov.au_CowraBreakout_HajimeToyoshima">{{cite web|url=http://www.ww2australia.gov.au/allin/breakout.html|title=All in - 'break-out' |publisher=[[Government of Australia|www.ww2australia.gov.au]]|accessdate=21 April 2010}}</ref> Toyoshima suffered only superficial injuries in the crash-landing.<ref name="GoogleBooks_UQP_1994_HarryGordon_Voyagefromshame"/> He strove to move as far away from his Zero on foot, understanding that the aircraft would aid [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] [[Military intelligence]].<ref name="GoogleBooks_UQP_1994_HarryGordon_Voyagefromshame"/> Before Toyoshima's crash, only nine Zeros had been shot down in [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|the Pearl Harbor attack]], 74 days before the first Air Raid on Darwin; their pilots had died, and the badly damaged wrecks were of little use.<ref name="GoogleBooks_UQP_1994_HarryGordon_Voyagefromshame"/><ref name="KogasZero">{{cite book|last=Rearden|first=Jim|title=Koga's Zero: The Fighter That Changed World War II|isbn=0-929521-56-0|url=http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/1997/2/1997_2_56.shtml|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227093416/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/1997/2/1997_2_56.shtml|archivedate=2008-12-27|df=}}</ref>


==Cowra breakout==
==Cowra breakout==

Revision as of 02:12, 28 October 2017

Hajime Toyoshima
Hajime Toyoshima
Born1920
Kagawa Prefecture, Japan
DiedAugust 5, 1944 (aged 23–24)
Cowra, New South Wales, Australia
Allegiance Empire of Japan
Service/branch Imperial Japanese Navy
Years of service1938–44
RankChief Petty Officer
Battles/warsWorld War II

Sergeant Hajime Toyoshima (豊嶋一, Toyoshima Hajime)[1] (died August 5, 1944) was a Japanese airman in World War II. His A6M Zero was the first of that type (after those recovered after the Attack on Pearl Harbor) to be recovered relatively intact on Allied territory when he crash landed on Melville Island, Northern Territory, Australia. Toyoshima was the first Japanese Prisoner of War to be captured in Australia. While a Prisoner of War, Toyoshima was one of the instigators of the Breakout from the Prisoner of War Camp located in Cowra, New South Wales, Australia, sounding a bugle to signal the commencement of the escape and died during the escape attempt.

Early life

Toyoshima was born on 29 March 1920.[2] Little is known of Toyoshima's early life.[1]

Raid on Darwin

Toyoshima's crashed aircraft
Main article: Bombing of Darwin

Toyoshima took part of the 19 February 1942 Japanese air-raid on Darwin, Australia.[1][3] His Zero, tail code BII-124,[3][4] was launched from the IJS Hiryu.[5] His Zero crash-landed on Melville Island,[6] where he was taken prisoner by local islander Matthias Ulungura.[4][7] Toyoshima was the first Japanese Prisoner of War to be captured in Australian territorial jurisdiction.[1][8] Toyoshima suffered only superficial injuries in the crash-landing.[3] He strove to move as far away from his Zero on foot, understanding that the aircraft would aid Allied Military intelligence.[3] Before Toyoshima's crash, only nine Zeros had been shot down in the Pearl Harbor attack, 74 days before the first Air Raid on Darwin; their pilots had died, and the badly damaged wrecks were of little use.[3][9]

Cowra breakout

Main article: Cowra breakout

By the time Toyoshima had arrived at the Cowra POW camp, he had adopted the alias "Tadao Minami" (南忠男, Minami Tadao).[1][3] Toyoshima signaled the 1:45 am start of the mass escape of Japanese Prisoners of War from the Cowra POW Camp with a bugle call.[1][8] He died at some time later in the breakout.[4]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Blankets on the wire The Cowra breakout and its aftermath" (PDF) (in English and Japanese). Australian War Memorial Australia-Japan Research Project. Retrieved 24 April 2010. {{cite web}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  2. ^ "The Territory Remembers - Hajime Toyoshima". The Territory Remembers. Government of the Northern Territory. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Gordon, Harry (1978). "2". Voyage from shame: the Cowra breakout and afterwards. University of Queensland Press. ISBN 0-7022-2628-9.
  4. ^ a b c "Sergeant (Sgt) Hajime Toyoshima (left), the first Japanese prisoner of war (POW)". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 21 April 2010.
  5. ^ Reid, Richard. "Australia under attack: 1942 to 1943". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 21 April 2010.
  6. ^ "Statue to honour Matthias Ullungura, first man to capture WWII prisoner of war". ABC News (Australia). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 13 October 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
  7. ^ Hall, Robert (1997). The Black Diggers: Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders in the Second World War. Aboriginal Studies Press. p. 100. ISBN 9780855753191.
  8. ^ a b "All in - 'break-out'". www.ww2australia.gov.au. Retrieved 21 April 2010.
  9. ^ Rearden, Jim. Koga's Zero: The Fighter That Changed World War II. ISBN 0-929521-56-0. Archived from the original on 2008-12-27. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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