Jan Jesenius: Difference between revisions
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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He was from an old noble family, the [[House of Jeszenszky]], originally from the [[Kingdom of Hungary]]. He presented himself in his own works as ''eques Ungarus'' ('Hungarian knight').<ref name = Trencsenyi /> According to publications, he had [[Slovaks|Slovak]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=zS5RAQAAIAAJ Royal College of Physicians of London]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=gYa2AAAAIAAJ Studia historica Slovac. Historical Institute SAV]</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTwmAQAAMAAJ&q=Jesenius&redir_esc=y#search_anchor |title=Slovakia: from Samo to Dzurinda - Peter A. Toma, Dušan Kováč - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=2014-04-12}}</ref> [[Polish people|Polish]] or [[German people|German]]<ref name = Trencsenyi>Balázs Trencsényi, Márton Zászkaliczky: ''Whose Love of Which Country?'', Brill, 2010 [https://books.google.com/books?id=eyRbB0mbSsUC&pg=PA315&dq=Jeszenszky+Polish,+Bohemian,+German&hl=en&sa=X&ei=F5RNUrnaCeXd4QT5yICgBA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Jeszenszky%20Polish%2C%20Bohemian%2C%20German&f=false]</ref> roots. His father, Boldizsár Jeszenszky de Nagyjeszen, left [[Turóc County]] (today the [[Turiec]] region in [[Slovakia]]) because of the Ottomans' military campaign against [[Upper Hungary]] and settled down in [[Silesia]] in 1555. He married Marta Schülerin, who came from a wealthy German bourgeois family.<ref>Ruttkay László: [http://orvostortenet.hu/tankonyvek/tk-05/pdf/5.1.8/1962_024_ruttkay_laszlo_orvos_jessenius.pdf Az orvos Jessenius mint történetíró] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220164506/http://orvostortenet.hu/tankonyvek/tk-05/pdf/5.1.8/1962_024_ruttkay_laszlo_orvos_jessenius.pdf |date=2016-12-20 }}</ref> |
He was from an old Hungarian noble family, the [[House of Jeszenszky]], originally from the [[Kingdom of Hungary]]. He presented himself in his own works as ''eques Ungarus'' ('Hungarian knight').<ref name = Trencsenyi /> According to publications, he had [[Slovaks|Slovak]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=zS5RAQAAIAAJ Royal College of Physicians of London]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=gYa2AAAAIAAJ Studia historica Slovac. Historical Institute SAV]</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTwmAQAAMAAJ&q=Jesenius&redir_esc=y#search_anchor |title=Slovakia: from Samo to Dzurinda - Peter A. Toma, Dušan Kováč - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=2014-04-12}}</ref> [[Polish people|Polish]] or [[German people|German]]<ref name = Trencsenyi>Balázs Trencsényi, Márton Zászkaliczky: ''Whose Love of Which Country?'', Brill, 2010 [https://books.google.com/books?id=eyRbB0mbSsUC&pg=PA315&dq=Jeszenszky+Polish,+Bohemian,+German&hl=en&sa=X&ei=F5RNUrnaCeXd4QT5yICgBA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Jeszenszky%20Polish%2C%20Bohemian%2C%20German&f=false]</ref> roots. His father, Boldizsár Jeszenszky de Nagyjeszen, left [[Turóc County]] (today the [[Turiec]] region in [[Slovakia]]) because of the Ottomans' military campaign against [[Upper Hungary]] and settled down in [[Silesia]] in 1555. He married Marta Schülerin, who came from a wealthy German bourgeois family.<ref>Ruttkay László: [http://orvostortenet.hu/tankonyvek/tk-05/pdf/5.1.8/1962_024_ruttkay_laszlo_orvos_jessenius.pdf Az orvos Jessenius mint történetíró] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220164506/http://orvostortenet.hu/tankonyvek/tk-05/pdf/5.1.8/1962_024_ruttkay_laszlo_orvos_jessenius.pdf |date=2016-12-20 }}</ref> |
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Jesenius was born in [[Breslau]] (Wrocław), where he studied at the Elisabeth gymnasium. From 1583 he studied at the [[University of Wittenberg]], from 1585 at the [[University of Leipzig]], and from 1588 at the [[University of Padua]]. |
Jesenius was born in [[Breslau]] (Wrocław), where he studied at the Elisabeth gymnasium. From 1583 he studied at the [[University of Wittenberg]], from 1585 at the [[University of Leipzig]], and from 1588 at the [[University of Padua]]. |
Revision as of 19:06, 11 February 2018
Jan Jesenius | |
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![]() D(ominus) Iohan(nes) Iessenius a Iessen olim Vitenberg, nunc Carolinae Prag(ae) Acad(emiae) rector purpuratus. A contemporary copperplate by Matthäus Merian, 1617 | |
Born | December 27, 1566 Breslau |
Died | June 21, 1621 (aged 54) |
Occupation(s) | physician politician philosopher |
Scientific career | |
Doctoral advisor | Hieronymus Fabricius |
Doctoral students | Daniel Sennert |
Jan Jesenius (also written as Jessenius, German: Johannes Jessenius, Hungarian: Jeszenszky János, Slovak: Ján Jesenský; December 27, 1566 – June 21, 1621) was a Bohemian physician, politician and philosopher.
Early life
He was from an old Hungarian noble family, the House of Jeszenszky, originally from the Kingdom of Hungary. He presented himself in his own works as eques Ungarus ('Hungarian knight').[1] According to publications, he had Slovak,[2][3][4] Polish or German[1] roots. His father, Boldizsár Jeszenszky de Nagyjeszen, left Turóc County (today the Turiec region in Slovakia) because of the Ottomans' military campaign against Upper Hungary and settled down in Silesia in 1555. He married Marta Schülerin, who came from a wealthy German bourgeois family.[5]
Jesenius was born in Breslau (Wrocław), where he studied at the Elisabeth gymnasium. From 1583 he studied at the University of Wittenberg, from 1585 at the University of Leipzig, and from 1588 at the University of Padua.
Medical achievements
From 1593 Jesenius was the physician of the Prince of Saxony, and from 1594 professor of anatomy at the University of Wittenberg. After 1600 he settled down in Prague as professor and anatomical consultant for Rudolf II, King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor; in 1617 he was elected rector of Charles University of Prague.
In 1600 he attracted considerable public interest by performing a public autopsy in Prague. (His notes on the autopsy were published in 2005 by Karolinum, a publishing house of Charles University of Prague.)[6]
Political career
He was also a diplomat and orator, and after the dethroning of Habsburgs in the Crown of Bohemia, he took several diplomatic missions for Bohemian estates and for the newly elected king Frederick of the Palatinate.
In 1618, Jesenius was arrested in Pressburg (today: Bratislava, Slovakia) after being sent as a deputy by the Bohemian estates, and was held in a prison of Vienna. In December, he was released in exchange for two Habsburg captives. There is a legend that, before his release, he wrote the inscription IMMMM on the wall of his prison cell. Ferdinand explained this as Imperator Mathias Mense Martio Morietur (Latin for "Emperor Mathias will die in the month of March"), and he wrote another prophecy next to it: Iesseni, Mentiris, Mala Morte Morieris ("Jesenius, you lie, you will die a horrible death").
Both predictions came true: Emperor Mathias died in March 1619, and Jesenius was arrested after the defeat of King Frederick of Bohemia by Emperor Ferdinand II in 1620 (Battle of White Mountain) and executed, along with 26 other Bohemian estates leaders, on the Old Town Square in 1621.
His most important philosophical work was Zoroaster (1593), a work of universal philosophy which attempted to recover the lost wisdom of the ancients.
See also
Notes
- ^ a b Balázs Trencsényi, Márton Zászkaliczky: Whose Love of Which Country?, Brill, 2010 [1]
- ^ Royal College of Physicians of London
- ^ Studia historica Slovac. Historical Institute SAV
- ^ Slovakia: from Samo to Dzurinda - Peter A. Toma, Dušan Kováč - Google Books. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2014-04-12.
- ^ Ruttkay László: Az orvos Jessenius mint történetíró Archived 2016-12-20 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ History of Anatomy in the Czech Lands (1600–1746) (in Czech) – on web pages of the Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague
References
- Ľudo Zúbek : Doktor Jesenius, Szlovákiai Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó-Móra Ferenc Könyvkiadó, Bratislava(Pozsony)-Budapest, 1958. Template:Hu icon
- Ľudo Zúbek: Doktor Jesenius, Móra Ferenc Könyvkiadó, Budapest, 1966. Template:Hu icon
- Ruttkay László: Jeszenszky (Jessenius) János és kora 1566-1621, Semmelweis Orvostörténeti Múzeum és Könyvtár, Budapest, 1971. Template:Hu icon
- 1566 births
- 1621 deaths
- 16th-century German people
- 16th-century Bohemian people
- 16th-century Slovak people
- 17th-century German people
- 17th-century Bohemian people
- 17th-century Slovak people
- Slovak scientists
- Hungarian scientists
- Czech politicians
- Czech philosophers
- Executed Slovak people
- Executed Hungarian people
- Charles University in Prague faculty
- Leipzig University alumni
- German people of Slovak descent
- German people of Hungarian descent
- Austrian people of Slovak descent
- Austrian people of Hungarian descent
- Expatriates in the Czech lands
- People from Austrian Silesia
- People from Wrocław
- Jeszenszky family