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Zahavi is best known for his work on the [[handicap principle]], which explains the [[evolution]] of characteristics, behaviors or structures that appear contrary to the principles of Darwinian evolution in that they appear to reduce fitness and endanger individual organisms.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Zahavi, Amotz |year=1975 |title=Mate selection-A selection for a Handicap |journal=[[J Theor Biol]] |volume=53 |pages=205–214 |url=http://www.eebweb.arizona.edu/Faculty/Dornhaus/courses/materials/papers/other/Zahavi%20sexual%20selection%20handicap%20model%20signal.pdf |doi=10.1016/0022-5193(75)90111-3 |pmid=1195756|issue=1}}</ref> Evolved by [[sexual selection]], these act as signals of the status of the organism, functioning to e. g. attract mates. He expanded it with theories on [[Signalling theory|honest signalling]] and the idea that selection would favour signals that impose a higher cost, those that are not easily cheated on. He worked in particular on the [[Arabian babbler]], a long-lived and social bird with [[altruist]]ic behaviour among unrelated individuals, not explainable by kin selection. Zahavi reinterpreted these behaviours according to his signal theory and its correlative, the handicap principle. The altruistic act is costly to the donor, but may improve attractiveness to potential mates, a form of [[competitive altruism]].<ref name=Zahavi1974>{{cite journal |author=Zahavi, Amotz |year=1974 |title=Communal nesting by the Arabian Babbler: A case of individual selection |journal=Ibis|volume=116 |pages=84–87 |doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.1974.tb00225.x}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Anava | first1=A. | last2=Kam | first2=M. | last3=Shkolnik | first3=A. | last4=Degen | first4=A. A. |year=2001 |jstor=4089815 |title=Does group size affect field metabolic rate of Arabian Babbler (''Turdoides squamiceps'') nestlings? |journal=The Auk |volume=118 |pages=525–528 |url=http://sora.unm.edu/node/131937}}</ref><ref name=Zahavi1990>Zahavi, Amotz (1990). "Arabian Babblers: The quest for social status in a cooperative Breeder", pp. 105–130 in ''Cooperative Breeding in Birds'', P. B. Stacey and W. D. Koenig (eds.), Cambridge University Press</ref>
Zahavi is best known for his work on the [[handicap principle]], which explains the [[evolution]] of characteristics, behaviors or structures that appear contrary to the principles of Darwinian evolution in that they appear to reduce fitness and endanger individual organisms.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Zahavi, Amotz |year=1975 |title=Mate selection-A selection for a Handicap |journal=[[J Theor Biol]] |volume=53 |pages=205–214 |url=http://www.eebweb.arizona.edu/Faculty/Dornhaus/courses/materials/papers/other/Zahavi%20sexual%20selection%20handicap%20model%20signal.pdf |doi=10.1016/0022-5193(75)90111-3 |pmid=1195756|issue=1}}</ref> Evolved by [[sexual selection]], these act as signals of the status of the organism, functioning to e. g. attract mates. He expanded it with theories on [[Signalling theory|honest signalling]] and the idea that selection would favour signals that impose a higher cost, those that are not easily cheated on. He worked in particular on the [[Arabian babbler]], a long-lived and social bird with [[altruist]]ic behaviour among unrelated individuals, not explainable by kin selection. Zahavi reinterpreted these behaviours according to his signal theory and its correlative, the handicap principle. The altruistic act is costly to the donor, but may improve attractiveness to potential mates, a form of [[competitive altruism]].<ref name=Zahavi1974>{{cite journal |author=Zahavi, Amotz |year=1974 |title=Communal nesting by the Arabian Babbler: A case of individual selection |journal=Ibis|volume=116 |pages=84–87 |doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.1974.tb00225.x}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Anava | first1=A. | last2=Kam | first2=M. | last3=Shkolnik | first3=A. | last4=Degen | first4=A. A. |year=2001 |jstor=4089815 |title=Does group size affect field metabolic rate of Arabian Babbler (''Turdoides squamiceps'') nestlings? |journal=The Auk |volume=118 |pages=525–528 |url=http://sora.unm.edu/node/131937}}</ref><ref name=Zahavi1990>Zahavi, Amotz (1990). "Arabian Babblers: The quest for social status in a cooperative Breeder", pp. 105–130 in ''Cooperative Breeding in Birds'', P. B. Stacey and W. D. Koenig (eds.), Cambridge University Press</ref>

Zahavi is credited with co-developing the [[information centre hypothesis]] in 1973 with Peter Ward.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Ward|first=Peter|last2=Zahavi|first2=Amotz|date=1973-10-01|title=THE IMPORTANCE OF CERTAIN ASSEMBLAGES OF BIRDS AS “INFORMATION-CENTRES” FOR FOOD-FINDING|url=|journal=Ibis|volume=115|issue=4|pages=517-534|doi=10.1111/j.1474-919x.1973.tb01990.x|via=Wiley Online Library}}</ref> The information centre hypothesis states that birds live in communal roosts primarily to gain information on food resource locations from other roost individuals.<ref name=":1" />


Towards the end of his life he attempted to apply his theory at the molecular scale and sought to examine for example whether the neuro-transmitter acetyl choline was selected due to its toxicity.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.12688/f1000research.6874.1|title=An evolutionary perspective on signaling peptides: Toxic peptides are selected to provide information regarding the processing of the propeptide, which represents the phenotypic state of the signaling cell|journal=F1000Research|year=2015|last1=Harris|first1=Keith Daniel|last2=Barzilai|first2=Ari|last3=Zahavi|first3=Amotz}}</ref>
Towards the end of his life he attempted to apply his theory at the molecular scale and sought to examine for example whether the neuro-transmitter acetyl choline was selected due to its toxicity.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.12688/f1000research.6874.1|title=An evolutionary perspective on signaling peptides: Toxic peptides are selected to provide information regarding the processing of the propeptide, which represents the phenotypic state of the signaling cell|journal=F1000Research|year=2015|last1=Harris|first1=Keith Daniel|last2=Barzilai|first2=Ari|last3=Zahavi|first3=Amotz}}</ref>

Revision as of 17:18, 20 March 2018

Amotz Zahavi
Amotz Zahavi in 2005
Born(1928-08-14)August 14, 1928
Petah Tikva, British Mandate of Palestine
DiedMay 12, 2017(2017-05-12) (aged 88)
Tel Aviv, Israel
NationalityIsraeli
Alma materTel Aviv University
Known forHandicap principle
Scientific career
FieldsBiology
InstitutionsTel Aviv University

Amotz Zahavi (Hebrew: אמוץ זהבי) (August 14, 1928[1] – May 12, 2017) was an Israeli evolutionary biologist, a Professor in the Department of Zoology at Tel Aviv University, and one of the founders of the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel (known as the "SPNI"). His main work concerned the evolution of signals, particularly those signals that are indicative of fitness, and their selection for "honesty".

Biography

Amotz Zahavi was influenced to study zoology by the director of the zoo at Tel Aviv, Heinrich Mendelssohn.[1] He received his Ph.D from Tel Aviv University in 1970. He was married to Avishag Zahavi, a biologist and a co-investigator. He died in Tel Aviv, Israel on May 12, 2017, aged 88.[2]

Scientific career

Zahavi with wild Arabian babblers, whose social behavior he studied
Main articles: Handicap principle and Signalling theory

Zahavi is best known for his work on the handicap principle, which explains the evolution of characteristics, behaviors or structures that appear contrary to the principles of Darwinian evolution in that they appear to reduce fitness and endanger individual organisms.[3] Evolved by sexual selection, these act as signals of the status of the organism, functioning to e. g. attract mates. He expanded it with theories on honest signalling and the idea that selection would favour signals that impose a higher cost, those that are not easily cheated on. He worked in particular on the Arabian babbler, a long-lived and social bird with altruistic behaviour among unrelated individuals, not explainable by kin selection. Zahavi reinterpreted these behaviours according to his signal theory and its correlative, the handicap principle. The altruistic act is costly to the donor, but may improve attractiveness to potential mates, a form of competitive altruism.[4][5][6]

Zahavi is credited with co-developing the information centre hypothesis in 1973 with Peter Ward.[7] The information centre hypothesis states that birds live in communal roosts primarily to gain information on food resource locations from other roost individuals.[7]

Towards the end of his life he attempted to apply his theory at the molecular scale and sought to examine for example whether the neuro-transmitter acetyl choline was selected due to its toxicity.[8]

Awards

In 1980, Zahavi, together with the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel and two other colleagues, was awarded the Israel Prize for SPNI's special contribution to society and the State, for the environment.[9]

In 2011, Zahavi received the International Fyssen Prize for the evolution of social communication.[10]

In 2016, Zahavi received a prize for lifetime achievement from the Israel Society of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.[11]

Published works

  • Zahavi, A (1975). "Mate selection - a selection for a handicap". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 53 (1): 205–214. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(75)90111-3. PMID 1195756.
  • Zahavi, A (1977). "The cost of honesty (Further remarks on the handicap principle)". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 67 (3): 603–605. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(77)90061-3. PMID 904334.
  • Zahavi, A. and Zahavi, A. (1997). The handicap principle: a missing piece of Darwin's puzzle. Oxford University Press. Oxford. ISBN 0-19-510035-2

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Maklakov, Alexei A. (2017-07-10). "Amotz Zahavi (1928–2017)". Nature Ecology & Evolution. doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0254-z.
  2. ^ Hashmonai, Adi (May 13, 2017). "Professor Amotz Zahavi, one of the founders of the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, passed away". Walla! (in Hebrew). Retrieved May 16, 2017.
  3. ^ Zahavi, Amotz (1975). "Mate selection-A selection for a Handicap" (PDF). J Theor Biol. 53 (1): 205–214. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(75)90111-3. PMID 1195756.
  4. ^ Zahavi, Amotz (1974). "Communal nesting by the Arabian Babbler: A case of individual selection". Ibis. 116: 84–87. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1974.tb00225.x.
  5. ^ Anava, A.; Kam, M.; Shkolnik, A.; Degen, A. A. (2001). "Does group size affect field metabolic rate of Arabian Babbler (Turdoides squamiceps) nestlings?". The Auk. 118: 525–528. JSTOR 4089815.
  6. ^ Zahavi, Amotz (1990). "Arabian Babblers: The quest for social status in a cooperative Breeder", pp. 105–130 in Cooperative Breeding in Birds, P. B. Stacey and W. D. Koenig (eds.), Cambridge University Press
  7. ^ a b Ward, Peter; Zahavi, Amotz (1973-10-01). "THE IMPORTANCE OF CERTAIN ASSEMBLAGES OF BIRDS AS "INFORMATION-CENTRES" FOR FOOD-FINDING". Ibis. 115 (4): 517–534. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1973.tb01990.x – via Wiley Online Library.
  8. ^ Harris, Keith Daniel; Barzilai, Ari; Zahavi, Amotz (2015). "An evolutionary perspective on signaling peptides: Toxic peptides are selected to provide information regarding the processing of the propeptide, which represents the phenotypic state of the signaling cell". F1000Research. doi:10.12688/f1000research.6874.1.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  9. ^ "Israel Prize Official Site - Recipients in 1980 (in Hebrew)" (in Hebrew). Israel's Ministry of Education. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  10. ^ "International Fyssen Prize". Foundation Fyssen. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  11. ^ Rinat, Zafrir (June 15, 2016). "Lifetime Achievement Award to Prof. Amotz Zahavi for Nature Conservation". Haaretz (in Hebrew). Retrieved May 15, 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)

External links

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