Brule Formation: Difference between revisions

Brule Formation
Brule Formation
Stratigraphic range: Rupelian; ~33–30 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
	Brule Formation in Badlands National Park
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	White River Formation
Underlies	Sharps Formation, Arikaree Formation
Overlies	Chadron Formation
Thickness	6–65 metres (20–213 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Fine grained clastic rocks
Other	Freshwater limestone, Tuff, Sandstone
Location
Region	Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Colorado, Wyoming
Country	United States

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Revision as of 17:14, 27 August 2018

The Brule Formation was deposited between 33 and 30 million years ago, roughly the Rupelian age (Oligocene).^[2] It occurs as a subunit of the White River Formation in Nebraska, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming.

It is a sequence of fine grained clastic rocks (claystones, mudstones, siltstones) interbeded with freshwater carbonates, volcanic ash (tuff), and sandstone.^[1]

The sandstones layers, which are up to 3 metres (9.8 ft) thick, can contain mammalian fossils (e.g. the Fitterer bed). The most important fossils sites are:^[1]

Fitterer Ranch
Obritsch Ranch
M&M Ranch
Little Badlands in Stark County, ND
Chalky Buttes (including White Butte) in Slope County, ND

Fossil record

Prehistoric catfish, several mammals such as nimravids and hesperocyon and sunfish fossils are known from the Brule Formation in Badlands National Park.^[3]

Notable among the local fauna are Bathornithid birds, ranging from the highly varied wetland-dwelling Bathornis species to the gigantic Paracrax.

Fauna

Fauna reported from the Brule Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Description	Images
Proscalops^[4]	Proscalps tertius^[4]			Numerous, including upper incisor and molar.^[4]	Species holotype likely located here.^[4]
Hyracodon	H. nebracensis	SD, ND, NE		Jaw fragments, skulls	Early rhinoceros
Subhyracodon	S. occidentalis	NE, SD, ND, WY		Teeth and skulls	Early rhinocers
Eporeodon	E. major	SD		Incredibly rare	Large oredodont
Leptauchenia	L. decora	SD, NE		Teeth and skulls	Small Oreodont
Merycoidodon	M. culbertsoni M. gracilis	SD, ND, NE, WY		Skulls, limb bones, and skeletons	Oreodont
Poebrotherium	P. wilsoni	SD, ND, NE, WY		Bones, jaw fragments	Early camel
Leptomeryx		SD, NE, WY		Teeth	Deer-like mammal
Archaeotherium	A. mortoni	WY		Teeth and skulls	Entelodont

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Lithostratigraphy, Paleontology, and Biochronology of the Chadron, Brule, and Arikaree Formations in North Dakota". Retrieved 28 February 2013.
^ "Geologic Formations". nps.gov.
^ Hunt, ReBecca K., Vincent L. Santucci and Jason Kenworthy. 2006. "A preliminary inventory of fossil fish from National Park Service units." in S.G. Lucas, J.A. Spielmann, P.M. Hester, J.P. Kenworthy, and V.L. Santucci (ed.s), Fossils from Federal Lands. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 34, pp. 63-69.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Bjork, Philip R. (1975). "Observations on Proscalops tertius (Mammalia: Insectivora) of the Upper Oligocene of South Dakota". Journal of Paleontology. 49 (5): 808–813. JSTOR 1303274.

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[Hoganson-1] "Lithostratigraphy, Paleontology, and Biochronology of the Chadron, Brule, and Arikaree Formations in North Dakota". Retrieved 28 February 2013.

[nps.gov-2] "Geologic Formations". nps.gov.

[nps-fish-badlands-66-3] Hunt, ReBecca K., Vincent L. Santucci and Jason Kenworthy. 2006. "A preliminary inventory of fossil fish from National Park Service units." in S.G. Lucas, J.A. Spielmann, P.M. Hester, J.P. Kenworthy, and V.L. Santucci (ed.s), Fossils from Federal Lands. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 34, pp. 63-69.

[Bjork-4] Bjork, Philip R. (1975). "Observations on Proscalops tertius (Mammalia: Insectivora) of the Upper Oligocene of South Dakota". Journal of Paleontology. 49 (5): 808–813. JSTOR 1303274.

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@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 *Fitterer Ranch
 *Obritsch Ranch
+*M&M Ranch
 *Little Badlands in [[Stark County, ND]]
 *Chalky Buttes (including White Butte) in [[Slope County, ND]]

Revision as of 17:14, 27 August 2018

Fossil record

Fauna

See also

References