Martial race: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Rajputs.jpg|thumb|right|"Rajputs" (anonymous, c.1860) <br> ''From the collection of the British Library'']] |
[[Image:Rajputs.jpg|thumb|right|"Rajputs" (anonymous, c.1860) <br> ''From the collection of the British Library'']] |
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'''Martial Race''' was a term used by [[Robert Clive|Lord Robert Clyve]] in his book ''Historical Essays''. He divided the entire Indian ethnic groups into two categories: Martial and Non Martial |
'''Martial Race''' was a term used by [[Robert Clive|Lord Robert Clyve]] in his book ''Historical Essays''. He divided the entire Indian ethnic groups into two categories: Martial and Non Martial. |
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==Criteria== |
==Criteria== |
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==Modern usage== |
==Modern usage== |
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Though seldom used in today's context, it was used until the early [[1970s]], especially by the [[Pakistan Military]] which believed that since the [[Pakistan Army]] comprised soldiers of the "martial races", they should easily defeat [[India]] in any war. |
Though seldom used in today's context, it was used until the early [[1970s]], especially by the [[Pakistan Military]] which believed that since the [[Pakistan Army]] comprised soldiers of the "martial races", they should easily defeat [[India]] in any war. And thus numerical superiority of India on the battlefield could easily be overcome.<!--- I will leave this for a few days if there is not a clelar citation where this statment is made in which books, which article, etc, then I will remove it as this seems like a duboious assertion and another misscitation ---> <ref>According to [[Stanley Wolpert]]'s"</ref> |
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===Indo-Pakistan War of 1965=== |
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Despite India having 3 times the numrical superiority over the Pakistani Army the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965 ended in a stalemate.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1965.htm Indo-Pakistan War of 1965]</ref> |
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===Indo-Pakistani Conflict of 1947 - 48=== |
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According to [[GlobalSecurity.org]]: |
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''"The intensity of the conflict and the inability to forsee a quick end to the conflict without involving considerable resources on the part of [[India]] to expel the Pakistani forces led Indian leaders to approach the [[United Nations]] who ultimately introduced Observers in [[June 1948]]. A UN brokered [[cease-fire]] went into effect on Jan 1, [[1949]]. In all, 1,500 soldiers died on each side during the war and Pakistan was able to acquire roughly two-fifths of [[Kashmir]] which it established as [[Azad Kashmir]], meaning free Kashmir."'' |
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This was seen as a military victory by Pakistan despite India having numerical superiority over Pakistan. <ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1947.htm Indo-Pakistani Conflict of 1947-48] - [[GlobalSecurity.org]]</ref> |
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<!--- Removed dubious assertion, there was nothing on [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/indo-pak_1965.htm Indo-Pakistan War of 1965] which stated Pakistan belived in the martial race thoery or Pakistan thought 1 Pakistani was equal to 4 - 10 Hindus, this was a clear missciation ---> |
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<!--- this is another false citation: |
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"However, the [[Indo-Pakistan Wars]] of 1947 and 1965 proved otherwise as Pakistan Army lost more men and machines than India in its many attempts to gain the whole of Kashmir." |
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Global GlobalSecurity.org states: |
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"The intensity of the conflict and the inability to forsee a quick end to the conflict without involving considerable resources on the part of India to expel the Pakistani forces led Indian leaders to approach the United Nations who ultimately introduced Observers in June 1948. A UN brokered cease-fire went into effect on Jan. 1, 1949. In all, 1,500 soldiers died on each side during the war and Pakistan was able to acquire roughly two-fifths of Kashmir which it established as Azad Kashmir, meaning free Kashmir." |
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infact this shows that Pakistan had an upper hand as Pakistan accuried two-5ths of Kashmir and the article also states 15.000 soldires died on each side ---> |
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===Racism=== |
===Racism=== |
Revision as of 14:22, 7 November 2006
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Rajputs.jpg/220px-Rajputs.jpg)
From the collection of the British Library
Martial Race was a term used by Lord Robert Clyve in his book Historical Essays. He divided the entire Indian ethnic groups into two categories: Martial and Non Martial.
Criteria
Martial Race was a designation created by officials of British India. The British officials described these races as naturally warlike and aggressive in battle, and to possess qualities like courage, loyalty, self sufficiency, physical strength, resilience, orderliness, hard working, fighting tenacity and military strategy. The British recruited heavily from these Martial Races for service in the colonial army. [1]
The geography and culture of these martial races had common marks, such as hilly and mountainous terrain, a basis as hunting or agricultural societies, and a history of conflict, whether internally or with external groups. A case in point are the Gurkhas, who challenged British imperial expansion and gained the respect of their enemies for their fighting prowess and tenacity, thus earning them their reputation and their continued employment in the British Army.
Races designated by the British as martial races
This article needs additional citations for verification. |
The Dravidian people were called non-martial with many derogatory remarks about their looks, ethnicity and history. However, the nature of this is debatable, as a large number of Indian martial arts, such as Adithada and Kalaripayat originated from the the southern regions of the Indian subcontinent. Further, one of the greatest Kingdoms in India to rule across the seas and capture kingdoms in Sri Lanka and Indonesia was the Chola dynasty, a dravidian race. The naval power of the medieval Cholas was not matched by any of the other Kingdoms ruled by martial races until many centuries later.
Modern usage
Though seldom used in today's context, it was used until the early 1970s, especially by the Pakistan Military which believed that since the Pakistan Army comprised soldiers of the "martial races", they should easily defeat India in any war. And thus numerical superiority of India on the battlefield could easily be overcome. [2]
Indo-Pakistan War of 1965
Despite India having 3 times the numrical superiority over the Pakistani Army the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965 ended in a stalemate.[3]
Indo-Pakistani Conflict of 1947 - 48
According to GlobalSecurity.org:
"The intensity of the conflict and the inability to forsee a quick end to the conflict without involving considerable resources on the part of India to expel the Pakistani forces led Indian leaders to approach the United Nations who ultimately introduced Observers in June 1948. A UN brokered cease-fire went into effect on Jan 1, 1949. In all, 1,500 soldiers died on each side during the war and Pakistan was able to acquire roughly two-fifths of Kashmir which it established as Azad Kashmir, meaning free Kashmir."
This was seen as a military victory by Pakistan despite India having numerical superiority over Pakistan. [4]
Racism
The Pakistan Army was also accused of bias and racism by the Bengalis of East Pakistan who felt humiliated by this theory in West Pakistan, that they were not "martially inclined" compared to the Pathans, Balochs and Punjabis.[5]
The Dravidian people were called non-martial with many derogatory remarks about their looks, ethnicity and history. However, the nature of this is debatable, as a large number of Indian martial arts, such as Adithada and Kalaripayat originated from the the southern regions of the Indian subcontinent. Further, one of the greatest Kingdoms in India to rule across the seas and capture kingdoms in Sri Lanka and Indonesia was the Chola dynasty, a dravidian race. The naval power of the medieval Cholas was not matched by any of the other Kingdoms ruled by martial races until many centuries later.[citation needed]
References
- ^ Glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and NWFP, H A Rose
- ^ According to Stanley Wolpert's"
- ^ Indo-Pakistan War of 1965
- ^ Indo-Pakistani Conflict of 1947-48 - GlobalSecurity.org
- ^ Library of Congress studies