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.exe is a common filename extension denoting an executable file (the main execution point of a computer program) for DOS, OpenVMS, Microsoft Windows, Symbian or OS/2. Besides the executable program, many .exe files contain other components called resources, such as bitmap graphics and icons which the executable program may use for its graphical user interface.

File formats

There are several file formats which may be used by a file with a .exe extension:

DOS

16-bit DOS MZ executable: The original DOS executable file format. These can be identified by the letters "MZ" at the beginning of the file in ASCII.
16-bit New Executable: Introduced with the multitasking MS-DOS 4.0 and also used by 16-bit OS/2 and Windows, NE can be identified by the "NE" in ASCII.

OS/2

32-bit Linear Executable: Introduced with OS/2 2.0, these can be identified by the "LX" in ASCII. These can only be run by OS/2 2.0 and higher.^[1] They are also used by some DOS extenders.
Mixed 16/32-bit Linear Executable: Introduced with OS/2 2.0, these can be identified by the "LE" in ASCII. This format is used for VxD drivers under Windows 3.x, OS/2, and Windows 9x; it is also used by some DOS extenders.

Windows

When a 16-bit or 32-bit Windows executable is run by Windows, execution starts at either the NE or the PE, and ignores the MZ code known as DOS stub.^[2]^[3] Started in DOS the stub typically displays a message "This program cannot be run in DOS mode" (or similar) before exiting cleanly, this thereby constituting a minimal form of fat binary. A few dual-mode programs (MZ-NE or MZ-PE) such as regedit^[4] and older WinZIP self extractors include a more functional DOS section.^[5]

32-bit Portable Executable: Introduced with Windows NT, these can be identified by the "PE" in ASCII (although not at the beginning; these files also begin with "MZ").^[6]
64-bit Portable Executable (PE32+): Introduced by 64-bit versions of Windows, this is a PE file with wider fields. In most cases, code can be written to simply work as either a 32 or 64-bit PE file.^[7]

Other

Besides these, there are also many custom EXE formats, including but not limited to W3 (a collection of LE files, only used in WIN386.EXE), W4 (a compressed collection of LE files, only used in VMM32.VXD), DL, MP, P2, P3 (last three used by Phar Lap extenders).^[8]

References

^ "OS/2 Operating System". operating system documentation project. 2004-04-03. Retrieved 2014-02-13.
^ "/STUB (MS-DOS Stub File Name) Linux/Mac cannot run an exe file". MSDN. Microsoft. Retrieved 2014-01-10.
^ Sedory, Daniel B. (2004-10-12). "DOS Stub Program". The Starman's Realm. Self-published. Retrieved 2014-01-10.^{[self-published source]}
^ "Using Registry Editor in Real Mode". Support. Microsoft. 2006-11-15. Archived from the original on 2014-01-15. Retrieved 2014-01-10.
^ Ellermann, Frank (2014-01-22). "dostub.exe". Retrieved 2014-01-24.
^ "Microsoft PE and COFF Specification".
^ Pietrek, Matt (February 2002). "An In-Depth Look into the Win32 Portable Executable File Format". MSDN Magazine. Microsoft.
^ Brown, Ralf (2000-07-16). "The x86 Interrupt List". Retrieved 2018-10-30.

External links

[1] "OS/2 Operating System". operating system documentation project. 2004-04-03. Retrieved 2014-02-13.

[2] "/STUB (MS-DOS Stub File Name) Linux/Mac cannot run an exe file". MSDN. Microsoft. Retrieved 2014-01-10.

[3] Sedory, Daniel B. (2004-10-12). "DOS Stub Program". The Starman's Realm. Self-published. Retrieved 2014-01-10.^{[self-published source]}

[4] "Using Registry Editor in Real Mode". Support. Microsoft. 2006-11-15. Archived from the original on 2014-01-15. Retrieved 2014-01-10.

[5] Ellermann, Frank (2014-01-22). "dostub.exe". Retrieved 2014-01-24.

[6] "Microsoft PE and COFF Specification".

[7] Pietrek, Matt (February 2002). "An In-Depth Look into the Win32 Portable Executable File Format". MSDN Magazine. Microsoft.

[8] Brown, Ralf (2000-07-16). "The x86 Interrupt List". Retrieved 2018-10-30.

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 <!-- In addition to the anchors, the OS/2 section title is also linked to from redirects -->
 ;32-bit Linear Executable: Introduced with OS/2 2.0, these can be identified by the "LX" in ASCII. These can only be run by OS/2 2.0 and higher.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.operating-system.org/betriebssystem/_english/bs-os2.htm|title=OS/2 Operating System|date=2004-04-03|accessdate=2014-02-13|work=operating system documentation project}}</ref> They are also used by some [[DOS extender]]s.
-;Mixed 16/32/64{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}-bit Linear Executable: Introduced with OS/2 2.0, these can be identified by the "LE" in ASCII. This format is used for  [[VxD]] drivers under [[Windows 3.1x|Windows 3.x]], [[OS/2]], and Windows 9x; it is also used by some DOS extenders.
+;Mixed 16/32-bit Linear Executable: Introduced with OS/2 2.0, these can be identified by the "LE" in ASCII. This format is used for  [[VxD]] drivers under [[Windows 3.1x|Windows 3.x]], [[OS/2]], and Windows 9x; it is also used by some DOS extenders.
 === Windows ===