Hippodraco: Difference between revisions
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==Paleoecology== |
==Paleoecology== |
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The holotype of ''Hippodraco'' was unearthed from the Yellow Cat Member of the [[Cedar Mountain Formation]], which was contemporaneous with the Poison Strip Member,{{cn|date=August 2019}}. Contemporaneous [[fauna]] from the Yellow Cat and Poison Strip Members include other [[ornithopods]] (''[[Cedrorestes]]'', ''[[Iguanacolossus]]'', and ''[[Planicoxa]]''), [[sauropods]] (''[[Cedarosaurus]]'', ''[[Mierasaurus]]'', ''[[Moabosaurus]]'', and ''[[Venenosaurus]]''), [[therizinosaurids]] ([[Falcarius]] and [[Martharaptor]]), the [[troodontid]] ''[[Geminiraptor]]'', the [[ornithomimosaur]] ''[[Nedcolbertia]]'', the [[Polacanthinae|polacanthine]] [[ankylosaur]] ''[[Gastonia (dinosaur)|Gastonia]]'', and [[dromaeosaurids]] (''[[Utahraptor]]'' and ''[[Yurgovuchia]]'').<ref>{{Cite book|last=Paul|first=Gregory S.|title=The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs (2nd Edition)|date=2016|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, New Jersey|isbn=9780691167664|pages=151, 163, 229, 252, 314, 319, 326, 327}}</ref> Other [[dromaeosaurids]] with fragmentary remains are also known from the [[Geological formation|formation]]: an indeterminate [[eudromaeosaur]] (UMNH VP 20209) and an indeterminate [[Velociraptorinae|velociraptorine]] (UMNH VP 21752).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Senter|first1=P.|last2=Kirkland|first2=J. I.|last3=Deblieux|first3=D. D.|last4=Madsen|first4=S.|last5=Toth|first5=N.|editor1-last=Dodson|editor1-first=Peter|title=New Dromaeosaurids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, and the Evolution of the Dromaeosaurid Tail|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0036790|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=7|issue=5|pages=e36790|year=2012|pmid=22615813|pmc=3352940}}</ref> |
The holotype of ''Hippodraco'' was unearthed from the Yellow Cat Member of the [[Cedar Mountain Formation]], which was contemporaneous with the Poison Strip Member,{{cn|date=August 2019}}. Contemporaneous [[fauna]] from the Yellow Cat and Poison Strip Members include other [[ornithopods]] (''[[Cedrorestes]]'', ''[[Iguanacolossus]]'', and ''[[Planicoxa]]''), [[sauropods]] (''[[Cedarosaurus]]'', ''[[Mierasaurus]]'', ''[[Moabosaurus]]'', and ''[[Venenosaurus]]''), [[therizinosauridae|therizinosaurids]] ([[Falcarius]] and [[Martharaptor]]), the [[troodontid]] ''[[Geminiraptor]]'', the [[ornithomimosaur]] ''[[Nedcolbertia]]'', the [[Polacanthinae|polacanthine]] [[ankylosaur]] ''[[Gastonia (dinosaur)|Gastonia]]'', and [[dromaeosaurids]] (''[[Utahraptor]]'' and ''[[Yurgovuchia]]'').<ref>{{Cite book|last=Paul|first=Gregory S.|title=The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs (2nd Edition)|date=2016|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, New Jersey|isbn=9780691167664|pages=151, 163, 229, 252, 314, 319, 326, 327}}</ref> Other [[dromaeosaurids]] with fragmentary remains are also known from the [[Geological formation|formation]]: an indeterminate [[eudromaeosaur]] (UMNH VP 20209) and an indeterminate [[Velociraptorinae|velociraptorine]] (UMNH VP 21752).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Senter|first1=P.|last2=Kirkland|first2=J. I.|last3=Deblieux|first3=D. D.|last4=Madsen|first4=S.|last5=Toth|first5=N.|editor1-last=Dodson|editor1-first=Peter|title=New Dromaeosaurids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, and the Evolution of the Dromaeosaurid Tail|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0036790|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=7|issue=5|pages=e36790|year=2012|pmid=22615813|pmc=3352940}}</ref> |
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[[File:Cedar Mountain Formation Yellow Poison Fauna.png|thumb|center|800px|All the contemporaneous fauna of the |
[[File:Cedar Mountain Formation Yellow Poison Fauna.png|thumb|center|800px|All the contemporaneous fauna of the Yellow Cat and Poison Strip Members (''Hippodraco'' in lime-yellow)]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 06:18, 26 August 2019
| Hippodraco Temporal range: Early Cretaceous,
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|---|---|
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| Diagram showing known elements | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Dinosauria |
| Clade: | †Ornithischia |
| Clade: | †Neornithischia |
| Clade: | †Ornithopoda |
| Clade: | †Styracosterna |
| Genus: | †Hippodraco McDonald et al., 2010 |
| Type species | |
| Hippodraco scutodens McDonald et al., 2010
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Hippodraco (meaning "horse dragon") is a genus of herbivorous iguanodontian dinosaur. It is a basal iguanodontian which lived during the Barremian stage of the Early Cretaceous period in what is now Utah, United States. It contains a single species, Hippodraco scutodens, for which the holotype is an immature individual catalogued as UMNH VP 20208.[1]
Discovery and naming
The holotype of Hippodraco, UMNH VP 20208, was discovered in 2004 by Andrew R. C. Milner. It is a fragmentary specimen including a fragmented skull and dentary teeth, vertebrae (dorsal, caudal and cervical), a right humerus, a right scapula, a left ischium, a right tibia, a right femur, and left metatarsals.[1]
It was later named in 2010 by Andrew T. McDonald, James I. Kirkland, Andrew R. C. Milner, Scott K. Madsen, Donald D. DeBlieux, Jennifer Cavin and Lukas Panzarin. The generic name Hippodraco is a combination of the Greek word hippos ("horse") and the Latin word draco ("dragon"). It refers to to the elongated shape of the skull, which resembles a horse skull. The specific name scutodens is a combination of the Latin words scutum (meaning shield) and dens (meaning tooth), and it references the shield-shaped dentary tooth crowns. UMNH VP 20208 was unearthed from the Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, at a site known as Andrew's Site, dating from the Barremian stage in the Early Cretaceous period.[1]
Description
Hippodraco is a relatively small iguanodontid, with the holotype reaching 4.5 m (15 ft) in length. However, a large orbital in the skull indicates that the specimen is immature. The left side of the skull is well preserved, although the right side is very fragmented. The left dentary is preserved on the skull along with teeth, which, have shield-shaped crowns. The lacrimal bone closely resembles those of Dakotadon and Theiophytalia. Vertebrae indicates a characteristic iguanodont body shape. Most of the body remains are gracile, such as the right humerus and scapula, the right tibia and femur are fragmented, having irregular surfaces. The nearly-complete metatarsus is very similiar to those of Camptosaurus and Iguanodon.[1]
Paleoecology
The holotype of Hippodraco was unearthed from the Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, which was contemporaneous with the Poison Strip Member,[citation needed]. Contemporaneous fauna from the Yellow Cat and Poison Strip Members include other ornithopods (Cedrorestes, Iguanacolossus, and Planicoxa), sauropods (Cedarosaurus, Mierasaurus, Moabosaurus, and Venenosaurus), therizinosaurids (Falcarius and Martharaptor), the troodontid Geminiraptor, the ornithomimosaur Nedcolbertia, the polacanthine ankylosaur Gastonia, and dromaeosaurids (Utahraptor and Yurgovuchia).[2] Other dromaeosaurids with fragmentary remains are also known from the formation: an indeterminate eudromaeosaur (UMNH VP 20209) and an indeterminate velociraptorine (UMNH VP 21752).[3]
References
- ^ a b c d McDonald AT, Kirkland JI, DeBlieux DD, Madsen SK, Cavin J, et al. (2010). "New Basal Iguanodonts from the Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah and the Evolution of Thumb-Spiked Dinosaurs". PLoS ONE. 5 (11): e14075. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014075. PMC 2989904. PMID 21124919.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Paul, Gregory S. (2016). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs (2nd Edition). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 151, 163, 229, 252, 314, 319, 326, 327. ISBN 9780691167664.
- ^ Senter, P.; Kirkland, J. I.; Deblieux, D. D.; Madsen, S.; Toth, N. (2012). Dodson, Peter (ed.). "New Dromaeosaurids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, and the Evolution of the Dromaeosaurid Tail". PLoS ONE. 7 (5): e36790. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036790. PMC 3352940. PMID 22615813.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
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