Ivan Yemelyanov: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox person |
{{Infobox person |
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|name=Ivan Yemelyanov |
|name=Ivan Yemelyanov |
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|image=Emelyanov Ivan Panteleymonovich.jpg |
|image=Emelyanov Ivan Panteleymonovich.jpg |
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|caption= |
|caption= |
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|birth_date= {{ |
|birth_date= {{circa}} 1861 |
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|birth_place=[[Russian Empire]] |
|birth_place=[[Russian Empire]] |
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|death_date= |
|death_date= November 27, 1915 |
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|death_place=[[Russian Empire]] |
|death_place=[[Khabarovsk]], [[Russian Empire]] |
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'''Ivan Panteleymonovich Yemelyanov''' ({{lang-ru|Иван Пантелеймонович Емельянов}}) |
'''Ivan Panteleymonovich Yemelyanov''' ({{lang-ru|Иван Пантелеймонович Емельянов}}; {{circa|1861|lk=on}} — November 27, 1915) was a member of the [[Russia]]n revolutionary organization [[Narodnaya Volya]] who took part in the assassination of [[Tsar]] [[Alexander II of Russia]]. |
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was a Russian [[revolutionary]] and a member of [[Narodnaya Volya]] who took part in the assassination of [[Alexander II of Russia|Tsar Alexander II]]. |
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==Early life== |
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Born in 1861, Ivan Yemelyanov was a graduate from a trade school, then studied abroad on a grant from [[Horace Günzburg|Baron Ginzburg]], and became a cabinetmaker. |
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In 1870, at the age of 9, due to the poverty of his parents, Yemelyanov was taken to be raised by his uncle who served at the Russian embassy in [[Constantinople]]. After a few years he returned to Russia, and after graduating from a trade school in 1879, he went on to study abroad on a grant from [[Horace Günzburg|Baron Günzburg]]. This gave him the opportunity to visit various countries such as Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and France. In 1879, he became qualified as a cabinetmaker. In November 1880 he joined the ranks of the Narodnaya Volya.{{sfn|Yarmolinsky|2016|p=274}}{{sfn|Kel'ner|2015}} |
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==Assassination of the Tsar== |
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He was one of the three designated bomb-throwers in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II on {{OldStyleDate|13 March|1881|1 March}}. The first bomb, thrown by [[Nikolai Rysakov]], only damaged the carriage and wounded one of the guards. A second bomb thrown by [[Ignacy Hryniewiecki]] succeeded in mortally wounding the tsar. Yemelyanov carried a third bomb; but seeing that Hryniewiecki's attack was successful, he fled the scene.<ref>Derek Offord, The Russian Revolutionary Movement in the 1880s. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1986.</ref> |
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{{main|Assassination of Alexander II of Russia}} |
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In January 1881, Anna Pavlovna Pribyleva-Korba suggested Yemelyanov as a potential bomb-thrower to [[Andrei Zhelyabov]].{{sfn|Kel'ner|2015}} Yemelyanov subsequently became one of the four designated bomb-throwers in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II.{{sfn|Yarmolinsky|2016|p=274}} |
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In March alone nearly fifty men and women were put behind bars because they were suspected of having some roles in the assassination. Accompanied by a detective, [[Mikhail Loris-Melikov]] walked the streets of the capital and pointed out men and women to be seized. One of his first collars was Yemelyanov, the only member of the bombing squad to have survived.<ref>“A History of Russia.” A History of Russia, by Walter G. Moss, Anthem, 2005, pp. 44–45. |
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</ref> Instead he was sentenced to [[katorga]] for life - later commuted to 20 years - in [[Siberia]]. He was granted a pardon in 1895, then settled in [[Khabarovsk]], where he died in 1916. |
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When [[Sophia Perovskaya]] signaled the Emperor's approach to the road alongside the Catherine Canal, the bomb-thrower [[Timofey Mikhailov]] decided to leave. Yemelyanov, [[Ignacy Hryniewiecki]], and [[Nikolai Rysakov]] were the only assassins present.{{sfn|Yarmolinsky|2016|p=278}} |
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On the signal being given by Perovskaya, Rysakov threw his bomb, which partly shattered the carriage, wounded bystanders and killed on the spot the Cossack footman who rode behind. About 5 minutes after the Tsar alighted, Hryniewiecki threw his bomb that fell at the Tsar's feet. According to Yemelyanov's testimony, he was stationed about 20 paces from the Emperor when the two bombs went off.{{sfn|Kel'ner|2015}}{{sfn|Yarmolinsky|2016|p=281}} |
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Yemelyanov had to throw his bomb only if Hryniewiecki's bomb had not been effective. After the second explosion, Yemelyanov rushed to the scene to see if Hryniewiecki could be spirited away but found him terribly injured. Then, on impulse, he instead approached the Tsar, and claimed to have been the first at his side to give him aid. He helped prop the Tsar up in the sleigh. He did this with the bomb wrapped up in a newspaper under his left arm. He then returned to the group's headquarters on Telezhnaya Street and turned in the bomb which he had received from Perovskaya that morning.{{sfn|Kel'ner|2015}}{{sfn|Yarmolinsky|2016|p=281}} |
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==Trial and later life== |
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Rysakov's testimony had implicated Yemelyanov. He failed to leave St. Petersburg and was eventually arrested in April at his apartment. On February 15 [[Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates|O.S.]], 1882, Yemelyanov was sentenced to death, and after about a month, [[Alexander III of Russia|Alexander III]] approved the verdict of commuting the death penalty to indefinite penal servitude. Yemelyanov was exiled to penal labor, or [[katorga]]. He served his sentence of hard labor in the Trubetskoy bastion for about 2 years and 3 months, after which he was sent to the [[Siberia]]n exile. In 1891, the sentence was commuted to 20 years and he was granted a pardon in 1895.{{sfn|Kel'ner|2015}} |
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He settled in [[Khabarovsk]] where he started several businesses. In 1898, he married the daughter of a local wealthy tradesman. Emelyanov died on November 27, 1915 after a serious illness (according to doctors he had suffered [[blood poisoning]] with [[erysipelas]]). He was buried at a church.{{sfn|Art Dictionary}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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===Citations=== |
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<references /> |
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{{reflist|2}} |
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=== Bibliography === |
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* {{cite book |last1=Yarmolinsky |first1=Avrahm |title=Road to Revolution: A Century of Russian Radicalism |year=2016 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0691638546| ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Kel'ner |first1=Viktor Efimovich |title=1 marta 1881 goda: Kazn imperatora Aleksandra II (1 марта 1881 года: Казнь императора Александра II) |year=2015 |publisher=Lenizdat |isbn=5-289-01024-6| ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite web |last1=Zhukov |first1=Anatoly |title=Полузабытая судьба |url=http://www.slovoart.ru/node/878 |website=Словесница Искусств |accessdate=3 December 2019| ref=CITEREFArt Dictionary}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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Revision as of 12:48, 3 December 2019
Ivan Yemelyanov | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | c. 1861 |
| Died | November 27, 1915 |
Ivan Panteleymonovich Yemelyanov (Russian: Иван Пантелеймонович Емельянов; c. 1861 — November 27, 1915) was a member of the Russian revolutionary organization Narodnaya Volya who took part in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II of Russia.
Early life
In 1870, at the age of 9, due to the poverty of his parents, Yemelyanov was taken to be raised by his uncle who served at the Russian embassy in Constantinople. After a few years he returned to Russia, and after graduating from a trade school in 1879, he went on to study abroad on a grant from Baron Günzburg. This gave him the opportunity to visit various countries such as Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and France. In 1879, he became qualified as a cabinetmaker. In November 1880 he joined the ranks of the Narodnaya Volya.[1][2]
Assassination of the Tsar
In January 1881, Anna Pavlovna Pribyleva-Korba suggested Yemelyanov as a potential bomb-thrower to Andrei Zhelyabov.[2] Yemelyanov subsequently became one of the four designated bomb-throwers in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II.[1]
When Sophia Perovskaya signaled the Emperor's approach to the road alongside the Catherine Canal, the bomb-thrower Timofey Mikhailov decided to leave. Yemelyanov, Ignacy Hryniewiecki, and Nikolai Rysakov were the only assassins present.[3]
On the signal being given by Perovskaya, Rysakov threw his bomb, which partly shattered the carriage, wounded bystanders and killed on the spot the Cossack footman who rode behind. About 5 minutes after the Tsar alighted, Hryniewiecki threw his bomb that fell at the Tsar's feet. According to Yemelyanov's testimony, he was stationed about 20 paces from the Emperor when the two bombs went off.[2][4]
Yemelyanov had to throw his bomb only if Hryniewiecki's bomb had not been effective. After the second explosion, Yemelyanov rushed to the scene to see if Hryniewiecki could be spirited away but found him terribly injured. Then, on impulse, he instead approached the Tsar, and claimed to have been the first at his side to give him aid. He helped prop the Tsar up in the sleigh. He did this with the bomb wrapped up in a newspaper under his left arm. He then returned to the group's headquarters on Telezhnaya Street and turned in the bomb which he had received from Perovskaya that morning.[2][4]
Trial and later life
Rysakov's testimony had implicated Yemelyanov. He failed to leave St. Petersburg and was eventually arrested in April at his apartment. On February 15 O.S., 1882, Yemelyanov was sentenced to death, and after about a month, Alexander III approved the verdict of commuting the death penalty to indefinite penal servitude. Yemelyanov was exiled to penal labor, or katorga. He served his sentence of hard labor in the Trubetskoy bastion for about 2 years and 3 months, after which he was sent to the Siberian exile. In 1891, the sentence was commuted to 20 years and he was granted a pardon in 1895.[2]
He settled in Khabarovsk where he started several businesses. In 1898, he married the daughter of a local wealthy tradesman. Emelyanov died on November 27, 1915 after a serious illness (according to doctors he had suffered blood poisoning with erysipelas). He was buried at a church.[5]
References
Citations
- ^ a b Yarmolinsky 2016, p. 274.
- ^ a b c d e Kel'ner 2015.
- ^ Yarmolinsky 2016, p. 278.
- ^ a b Yarmolinsky 2016, p. 281.
- ^ Art Dictionary.
Bibliography
- Yarmolinsky, Avrahm (2016). Road to Revolution: A Century of Russian Radicalism. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691638546.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
- Kel'ner, Viktor Efimovich (2015). 1 marta 1881 goda: Kazn imperatora Aleksandra II (1 марта 1881 года: Казнь императора Александра II). Lenizdat. ISBN 5-289-01024-6.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
- Zhukov, Anatoly. "Полузабытая судьба". Словесница Искусств. Retrieved 3 December 2019.