Malay gamelan: Difference between revisions

Joget Gamelan or Joget Pahang
	Dancers performing a Joget Gamelan dance
Instrument(s)	Malay gamelan
Origin	Malaysia

Gamelan ensemble
Gamelan ensemble
Stylistic origins	Music of Malaysia
Cultural origins	Malaysia
Typical instruments	bonang, Gambang, Saron perkin, Saron kecil, Saron besar, Kenong, gongs, Gendang, Slentem

Malay gamelan
	A Malay gamelan performance in Malaysia
Other names	Gamelan Melayu
Classification	Percussion instrument; Idiophone; Gong;
Developed	Malaysia
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The Malay gamelan (Malay: gamelan Melayu; Jawi: ݢاميلن ملايو) which exists today only in Malaysia (particularly in Pahang, Terengganu and Johor) is basically from royal passed down through heritage. The Malay gamelan has developed an identity that is distinct from the Javanese, Balinese and Sundanese gamelan. According to the Kamus Dewan, gamelan is a set of musical instruments derived from several types of hammered instruments, such as saron, bonang, gambang, gong and others.^[4]

History

Gamelan is one of the classical Malay musical ensembles. This classical Malay music was first performed at the Johor palace in Riau-Lingga in the 17th century. In 1811, it was first performed in public in the royal town of Pekan, Pahang, accompanied by the classical Joget Pahang during the wedding ceremony of Tengku Hussain, the son of Sultan Abdul Rahman who ruled Riau-Lingga, with Wan Esah, the younger sister of Bendahara Ali from Pahang. In Pahang, Malay gamelan and Joget Pahang was maintained with royal patronage. Malay gamelan was then introduced in Terengganu after Tengku Mariam, a princess of Pahang, married Tengku Sulaiman, the prince of Sultan Zainal Abidin from Terengganu. By 1913, the Malay Gamelan tradition completely disappeared in Indonesia from the abolition of the Riau-Lingga Sultanate, but flourished in Pahang, and then in Terengganu. In Terengganu, the name Joget Gamelan is used to replace the name Joget Pahang, which was commonly used in Pahang at that time.^[5] While in Terengganu, the current form of Malay gamelan and Joget Gamelan took formed.^[6] The Malay gamelan was first brought to Kuala Lumpur in 1969 in a public performance. Since then, it has become a part of the Malaysian arts and cultural heritage.^[7]

In Daik, where the musical ensemble is believed to be originated, only four bonangs that can be found, and currently stored in Museum Linggam Cahaya, Komplek Istana Damnah. According to the manager of the Museum, the four bonangs were found by the villagers of Kerandin kecamatan Lingga Timur and were buried in the ground and then handed over to the Museum. Even though Malay gamelan has long disappeared in Indonesia, due to the sense of responsibility as a nationalist citizen and the jealousy of its development in Malaysia, interest in reviving the Malay Gamelan has gotten stronger in Indonesia.^[8]

Instruments

Based on the classical royal gamelan set discovered in 1966 at Istana Kolam, Terengganu, a set of Terengganu Malay gamelan consists of these basic instruments:^[9]

Keromong, also known as bonang (a set of 10 small kettle gongs)
Gambang, (a wooden xylophone)
Saron perkin, (another set of metallophones, slightly smaller than saron kecil)
Saron kecil, also known as saron barung (a set of metallophones)
Saron besar, also known as saron demung (another set of metallophones, slightly bigger than saron kecil)
Kenong, (a set of 5 large kettle gongs)
A pair of hanging gongs, (which are gong kecil and gong besar)
Gendang, (a barrel drum)

One instrument was added later into Malay gamelan:

Slentem, (similar to saron but larger)

Joget Gamelan

The classical Malay Joget Gamelan always tells a hidden story. The classical Malay song of Timang Burung tells the story of Hikayat Panji Semirang, a romantic Javanese tale of Raden Galuh Chendera Kirana and Raden Inu Karpati. According to Tengku Mariam, this dance repository originally consisted of 77 types of gamelan songs and 60 types of dances. This classical dance is performed exclusively by female dancers and can be staged internally or openly. Javanese elements can be seen in terms of the art of dance. In aesthetics, this dance is very beautiful and is a form of dance that is the richest in terms of its type in the most traditional Malay dance.

Besides Panji stories, Malay gamelan songs are also inspired by the classical Malay Hikayat Seri Rama. Among popular songs and dances are such as Topeng, Timang Burung, Ayak-ayak, Perang Manggong, Perang Besar, Nongga, Kunang-kunang Mabuk, Gambuh Menyanyi, Lambang Sari, Ulit Seri Rama, Togok, Kilas Dayung , Seri Rama Balik, Kendung Gajah Mati, Tongkang Masuk, Ketawang, Gambuh (Turun Gambang), Ketam Renjong and Perang Seri Rama^[10]

References

^ "The Malay Gamelan". themalaygamelan. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
^ "The History of Gamelan's Origin". Retrieved 11 November 2020.
^ "The History of Gamelan's Origin". Retrieved 11 November 2020.
^ "Carian Umum - Gamelan". prpm.dbp.gov.my (in Malay). Retrieved 2020-11-11.
^ "Sanggar Seni Gamelan". Retrieved 11 November 2020.
^ https://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/20248/1/Joget%20Gamelan%20Terengganu%20dari%20aspek%20penceritaan...(24%20pages).pdf
^ http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/6465/1/yiing_siing.pdf
^ "Menabuh Gamelan Melayu". Retrieved 11 November 2020.
^ https://www.hmetro.com.my/nuansa/2019/04/440348/memartabatkan-gamelan
^ http://www.jkkn.gov.my/ms/gema-warisan-gamelan-melayu

[1] "The Malay Gamelan". themalaygamelan. Retrieved 11 November 2020.

[2] "The History of Gamelan's Origin". Retrieved 11 November 2020.

[3] "The History of Gamelan's Origin". Retrieved 11 November 2020.

[DBP-Gamelan-4] "Carian Umum - Gamelan". prpm.dbp.gov.my (in Malay). Retrieved 2020-11-11.

[5] "Sanggar Seni Gamelan". Retrieved 11 November 2020.

[6] ttps://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/20248/1/Joget%20Gamelan%20Terengganu%20dari%20aspek%20penceritaan...(24%20pages).pdf

[7] ttp://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/6465/1/yiing_siing.pdf

[8] "Menabuh Gamelan Melayu". Retrieved 11 November 2020.

[9] ttps://www.hmetro.com.my/nuansa/2019/04/440348/memartabatkan-gamelan

[10] ttp://www.jkkn.gov.my/ms/gema-warisan-gamelan-melayu

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{short description|Malay musical instrument and dance}}
+{{short description|Malay classical musical ensemble and dance}}
 {{Infobox Instrument
 |color1=#FFD700
 |color2=#FFEC8B
 |name= Malay gamelan
-|names= ''Gamelan melayu''
+|names= ''Gamelan Melayu''
 |image= SUKTRA Gamelan Musicians.jpg
 |image_size            = 270px
-|caption= A Malay gamelan performance
+|caption= A Malay gamelan performance in Malaysia
-|developed= [[Riau-Lingga Sultanate]] (present-day [[Indonesia]])<ref>{{cite web |title=The Malay Gamelan |url=http://themalaygamelan.jigsy.com/ |website=themalaygamelan |accessdate=11 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The History of Gamelan's Origin |url=http://gamelannerds.yolasite.com/history.php |accessdate=11 November 2020}}</ref>
+|developed= [[Malaysia]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The Malay Gamelan |url=http://themalaygamelan.jigsy.com/ |website=themalaygamelan |accessdate=11 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The History of Gamelan's Origin |url=http://gamelannerds.yolasite.com/history.php |accessdate=11 November 2020}}</ref>
 |classification=
 *[[Percussion instrument]]
@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 |articles=
 * [[Gamelan]]
+* [[Kulintang|Kulintangan]]
 }}
+{{Infobox music genre
-{{Music of Indonesia}}
+| bgcolor           = goldenrod
-The '''Malay gamelan''' ([[Malay language|Malay]]/[[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]: '''''gamelan Melayu'''''; [[Jawi alphabet|Jawi]]: '''ݢاميلن ملايو''') which exists today in [[Indonesia]] (particularly in [[North Sumatra]], [[Riau]] and [[Riau Islands Province|Riau Islands]]) and [[Malaysia]] (particularly in [[Pahang]], [[Terengganu]] and [[Johor]]) is basically from royal passed down through heritage. The Malay gamelan has developed an identity that is distinct from the [[Javanese people|Javanese]], [[Balinese people|Balinese]] and [[Sundanese people|Sundanese]] [[gamelan]].
+| color             = white
+| name              = Gamelan ensemble
+| stylistic_origins = [[Music of Malaysia]]
+| cultural_origins  = [[Malaysia]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The History of Gamelan's Origin |url=http://gamelannerds.yolasite.com/history.php |accessdate=11 November 2020}}</ref>
+| instruments       = [[bonang barung|bonang]], [[Gambang]], [[Saron (instrument)|Saron perkin]], [[Saron (instrument)|Saron kecil]], [[Saron (instrument)|Saron besar]], [[Kenong]], [[gongs]], [[Gendang]], [[Slentem]]
+| popularity        =
+| derivatives       =
+| subgenrelist      =
+| subgenres         =
+| regional_scenes   =
+| other_topics      =
+}}
+{{Music of Malaysia}}
+The '''Malay gamelan''' ([[Malay language|Malay]]: '''''gamelan Melayu'''''; [[Jawi alphabet|Jawi]]: '''ݢاميلن ملايو''') which exists today only in [[Malaysia]] (particularly in [[Pahang]], [[Terengganu]] and [[Johor]]) is basically from royal passed down through heritage. The Malay gamelan has developed an identity that is distinct from the [[Javanese people|Javanese]], [[Balinese people|Balinese]] and [[Sundanese people|Sundanese]] [[gamelan]]. According to the ''Kamus Dewan'', gamelan is a set of musical instruments derived from several types of hammered instruments, such as ''saron'', ''bonang'', ''gambang'', ''gong'' and others.<ref name="DBP-Gamelan">{{Cite web|url=https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/Cari1?keyword=gamelan|title=Carian Umum - Gamelan|website=prpm.dbp.gov.my|lang=ms|access-date=2020-11-11}}</ref>
 == History ==
-Joget Gamelan is one of the classical Malay dance. This classic dance was first performed at the Palace in the [[Riau-Lingga]] in the 17th century. It was first performed in public in Pekan, Pahang in 1811 in the wedding ceremony of Tengku Hussain, the son of Sultan Abdul Rahman who ruled Lingga, with Wan Esah, the younger sister of Bendahara Ali from Pahang. It was first introduced in Terengganu after Tengku Mariam, a princess in Pahang, married Tengku Sulaiman, the prince to Tengku Zainal Abidin from Terengganu. In 1913, the Malay Gamelan tradition disappeared from the abolition of the Riau-Lingga Sultanate and later moved to Pahang, and until it spread to Terengganu.<ref>https://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/20248/1/Joget%20Gamelan%20Terengganu%20dari%20aspek%20penceritaan...(24%20pages).pdf</ref> The Malay gamelan was first brought to [[Kuala Lumpur]] in 1969 in a public performance. Since then, it has become a part of the Malaysian arts and cultural heritage.
+Gamelan is one of the classical Malay musical ensembles. This classical Malay music was first performed at the [[Johor Sultanate|Johor]] palace in [[Riau-Lingga]] in the 17th century. In 1811, it was first performed in public in the royal town of [[Pekan]], [[Pahang]], accompanied by the classical ''Joget Pahang'' during the wedding ceremony of [[Hussein Shah of Johor|Tengku Hussain]], the son of [[Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah of Johor|Sultan Abdul Rahman]] who ruled [[Riau-Lingga]], with Wan Esah, the younger sister of [[Tun Ali of Pahang|Bendahara Ali]] from Pahang. In [[Pahang]], Malay gamelan and ''Joget Pahang'' was maintained with royal patronage. Malay gamelan was then introduced in [[Terengganu]] after Tengku Mariam, a princess of Pahang, married [[Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah of Terengganu|Tengku Sulaiman]], the prince of [[Zainal Abidin III of Terengganu|Sultan Zainal Abidin]] from Terengganu. By 1913, the Malay Gamelan tradition completely disappeared in Indonesia from the abolition of the [[Riau-Lingga Sultanate]], but flourished in Pahang, and then in Terengganu. In Terengganu, the name ''Joget Gamelan'' is used to replace the name ''Joget Pahang'', which was commonly used in Pahang at that time.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sanggar Seni Gamelan|url=https://www.sanggarseni.my/gamelan |accessdate=11 November 2020}}</ref> While in Terengganu, the current form of Malay gamelan and ''Joget Gamelan'' took formed.<ref>https://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/20248/1/Joget%20Gamelan%20Terengganu%20dari%20aspek%20penceritaan...(24%20pages).pdf</ref> The Malay gamelan was first brought to [[Kuala Lumpur]] in 1969 in a public performance. Since then, it has become a part of the Malaysian arts and cultural heritage.<ref>http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/6465/1/yiing_siing.pdf</ref>
+In [[Daik]], where the musical ensemble is believed to be originated, only four [[bonang barung|bonang]]s that can be found, and currently stored in Museum Linggam Cahaya, Komplek Istana Damnah. According to the manager of the Museum, the four bonangs were found by the villagers of [[Lingga Regency|Kerandin kecamatan Lingga Timur]] and were buried in the ground and then handed over to the Museum. Even though Malay gamelan has long disappeared in Indonesia, due to the sense of responsibility as a nationalist citizen and the jealousy of its development in Malaysia, interest in reviving the Malay Gamelan has gotten stronger in Indonesia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Menabuh Gamelan Melayu |url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbkepri/menabuh-gamelan-melayu/ |accessdate=11 November 2020}}</ref>
 ==Instruments==
-Based on the ancient royal gamelan set discovered in 1966 at Istana Kolam, Terengganu, a set of Terengganu Malay gamelan consists of seven basic instruments:<ref>https://www.hmetro.com.my/nuansa/2019/04/440348/memartabatkan-gamelan</ref>
+Based on the classical royal gamelan set discovered in 1966 at Istana Kolam, Terengganu, a set of Terengganu Malay gamelan consists of these basic instruments:<ref>https://www.hmetro.com.my/nuansa/2019/04/440348/memartabatkan-gamelan</ref>
 # ''Keromong'', also known as ''[[bonang barung|bonang]]'' (a set of 10 small kettle gongs)
-# ''Gambang'' (a wooden xylophone)
+# ''[[Gambang]]'', (a wooden xylophone)
-# ''[[Saron (instrument)|Saron perkin]]''  (another set of metallophones, slightly smaller than ''saron kecil'')
+# ''[[Saron (instrument)|Saron perkin]]'', (another set of metallophones, slightly smaller than ''saron kecil'')
-# ''Saron kecil'', also known as ''saron barung'' (a set of metallophones)
+# ''[[Saron (instrument)|Saron kecil]]'', also known as ''saron barung'' (a set of metallophones)
-# ''Saron besar'', also known as ''saron demung'' (another set of metallophones, slightly bigger than ''saron kecil'')
+# ''[[Saron (instrument)|Saron besar]]'', also known as ''saron demung'' (another set of metallophones, slightly bigger than ''saron kecil'')
-# ''[[Kenong]]'' (a set of 5 large kettle gongs)
+# ''[[Kenong]]'', (a set of 5 large kettle gongs)
-# A pair of hanging [[gongs]], which are ''gong kecil'' and ''gong besar''
+# A pair of hanging [[gongs]], (which are ''gong kecil'' and ''gong besar'')
-# ''[[Gendang]]'' (a barrel drum)
+# ''[[Gendang]]'', (a barrel drum)
+One instrument was added later into Malay gamelan:
+# ''[[Slentem]]'', (similar to ''saron'' but larger)
 == Joget Gamelan ==
 {{Infobox dance
-| name             = Joget Gamelan
+| name             = Joget Gamelan or Joget Pahang
 | native_name      =
 | native_name_lang =
@@ Line 53: / Line 73: @@
 }}
 {{Dance drama of Southeast Asia}}
+The classical Malay ''Joget Gamelan'' always tells a hidden story. The classical Malay song of ''Timang Burung'' tells the story of [[Panji tales|Hikayat Panji Semirang]], a romantic Javanese tale of ''Raden Galuh Chendera Kirana'' and ''Raden Inu Karpati''. According to Tengku Mariam, this dance repository originally consisted of 77 types of [[gamelan]] songs and 60 types of dances. This classical dance is performed exclusively by female dancers and can be staged internally or openly. [[Javanese culture|Javanese]] elements can be seen in terms of the art of dance. In aesthetics, this dance is very beautiful and is a form of dance that is the richest in terms of its type in the most traditional [[Malay culture|Malay dance]].
-According to Tengku Mariam, this dance repository originally consisted of 77 types of [[gamelan]]. But today there are only 33 types left as a result of the absence of dance instructors. Among the 33 types of dances that remain are such as ''Timang Burung'', ''Ayak-ayak'', ''Lambang Sari'', ''Ketam Renjung'', ''Geliung'', ''Lantai Lima'', ''Kending Gajah'', ''Togok Rompin'', ''Kunang-kunang Mabuk'', ''Galuk Merajuk'', ''Silatin'', ''Lolo'' and ''Monab''.
+Besides Panji stories, Malay gamelan songs are also inspired by the classical Malay ''[[Hikayat Seri Rama]]''. Among popular songs and dances are such as ''Topeng'', ''Timang Burung'', ''Ayak-ayak'', ''Perang Manggong'', ''Perang Besar'', ''Nongga'', ''Kunang-kunang Mabuk'', ''Gambuh Menyanyi'', ''Lambang Sari'', ''Ulit Seri Rama'', ''Togok'', ''Kilas Dayung'' , ''Seri Rama Balik'', ''Kendung Gajah Mati'', ''Tongkang Masuk'', ''Ketawang'', ''Gambuh (Turun Gambang)'', ''Ketam Renjong'' and ''Perang Seri Rama''<ref>http://www.jkkn.gov.my/ms/gema-warisan-gamelan-melayu</ref>
-This dance performed exclusively by female dancers can be staged internally or openly. [[Javanese culture|Javanese]] elements can be seen in terms of the art of dance. In aesthetics, this dance is very beautiful and is a form of dance that is the richest in terms of its type in the most traditional [[Malay culture|Malay dance]].
 == See also ==
-{{Portal|Music|Indonesia|Malaysia}}
+{{Portal|Music|Malaysia}}
 * [[Gamelan]]
@@ Line 65: / Line 85: @@
 {{Gamelan}}
-{{Indonesian musical instruments}}
 {{Traditional musical instruments of Malaysia}}
@@ Line 71: / Line 90: @@
 [[Category:Gamelan ensembles and genres]]
 [[Category:Malay culture]]
-[[Category:Indonesian culture]]
 [[Category:Malaysian culture]]
-[[Category:Music of Sumatra]]
-[[Category:Sacred musical instruments]]

v t e List of traditional Malaysian musical instruments by classification
Gamelan • Ghazal • Kulintangan • Caklempong
Aerophones	Accordion Harmonium Nafiri Seruling Serunai Sompoton Turali
Chordophones	Biola Kreb Gambus Gitar Rebab Sapeh Sundatang Tongkungon Umbang
Idiophones	Agung Gong Kulintangan Togunggak
Membranophones	Gendang/Tontog Kompang/Rebana Marwas