Heteroresistance
 | This article, Heteroresistance, has recently been created via the Articles for creation process. Please check to see if the reviewer has accidentally left this template after accepting the draft and take appropriate action as necessary.
Reviewer tools: Inform author |
Heteroresistance is a phenotype in which a bacterial isolate contains sub-populations of cells with increased antibiotic resistance when compared with the susceptible main population [1]. This phenomena is known to be highly prevalent among several antibiotic classes and bacterial isolates and associated with treatment failure through the enrichment of low frequencies of resistant subpopulations in the presence of antibiotics [2] . Heteroresistance is known to be highly unstable, meaning that the resistance sub-population can revert to susceptibility within a limited number of generations of growth in the absence of antibiotic [2].
Mechanisms
The enrichment of resistance sub-populations can be due to the acquisition of resistant mutations that are genetically stable but have high fitness cost or due to the enrichment of sub-population with increased copy number of resistance-conferring tandem gene amplifications [1].
References
- ^ a b Andersson, Dan I.; Nicoloff, Hervé; Hjort, Karin (August 2019). "Mechanisms and clinical relevance of bacterial heteroresistance". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 17 (8): 479–496. doi:10.1038/s41579-019-0218-1. ISSN 1740-1534. PMID 31235888. S2CID 195329648.
- ^ a b El-Halfawy, Omar M.; Valvano, Miguel A. (January 2015). "Antimicrobial Heteroresistance: an Emerging Field in Need of Clarity". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 28 (1): 191–207. doi:10.1128/CMR.00058-14. ISSN 0893-8512. PMC 4284305. PMID 25567227.
| This article, Heteroresistance, has recently been created via the Articles for creation process. Please check to see if the reviewer has accidentally left this template after accepting the draft and take appropriate action as necessary.
Reviewer tools: Inform author |