Sarat Chandra Bose
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Sarat Chandra Bose | |
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![]() Sarat Chandra Bose | |
Born | Cuttack, Orissa Division, Bengal Province, British India (present-day Cuttack), (Odisha state), India | 6 September 1889
Died | 20 February 1950 | (aged 60)
Nationality | Indian |
Alma mater | University of Calcutta Lincoln's Inn |
Occupation(s) | Politician, barrister, freedom fighter |
Known for | Indian independence activist |
Spouse | Bivabati Devi (27 February 1896 - 26 June 1954) |
Parents |
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Relatives | Subhas Chandra Bose (brother) |
Sarat Chandra Bose (6 September 1889 – 20 February 1950) was an Indian barrister and independence activist.
Early life
He was born to Janakinath Bose (father) and Prabhabati Devi in Cuttack, Odisha on 6 September 1889. The family originally hailed from Kodalia (now Subhashgram), South 24 Parganas, West Bengal.[1] He belonged to the Kayastha family. His father was descended from the Boses of Mahinagar (South 24 Parganas) while his mother Prabhabati Devi was part of the famous Dutt family of Hatkhola in north Kolkata.[2] She gave birth to fourteen children, six daughters and eight sons, among whom were leftist leader Sarat Chandra Bose, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose and distinguished cardiologist Dr. Sunil Chandra Bose. Sarat had two elder sisters. They were Pramilabala Mitra and Saralabala Dey. He had an elder brother, Satish Chandra Bose. He had six younger brothers, namely: Suresh Chandra Bose, Sudhir Chandra Bose, Dr. Sunil Chandra Bose (1894 - 17 Nov 1953), Subhas Chandra Bose (23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945), Sailesh Chandra Bose and Santosh Chandra Bose. He had four younger sisters, they were Tarubala Roy, Malina Dutt, Protiva Mitra, and Kanaklata Mitra.
Sarat Bose studied in Presidency College, Scottish Church College, then affiliated with the University of Calcutta, and then went to England in 1911 to become a barrister. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn. He began a successful legal practice upon his return to India, but later abandoned it to join the Indian independence movement.[3]
Political career
In 1936, Bose became the President of the Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee, and served as a member of the All India Congress Committee from 1936 till 1947. Sarat Bose was arrested after the escape of Subhas the day before he was due to join as Cabinet Minister in the Fazlul Haq government. He was moved to jail in Mercara and then Coonoor where his health suffered. He was released in September 1945 after a 4 year prison sentence. From 1946 to 1947, Bose would lead the Congress delegation to the Central Legislative Assembly. He strongly supported the formation of the Indian National Army by Subhas Bose, and actively participated in the Quit India movement. Following his brother's reported death in 1945, Bose led efforts to provide relief and aid to the families of INA soldiers through the INA Defence and Relief Committee. In 1946, he was appointed Member of the Interim Government for Works, Mines and Powers – the position of a minister in a national executive council led by Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, and presided over by the Viceroy of India.
Bengal partition and later life
However, Bose resigned from the AICC in disagreement over the Cabinet Mission Plan's call to partition Bengal between Hindu-majority and Muslim-majority regions. He attempted to construct a bid for a united but independent Bengal and North-East with the Bengali Muslim League leaders Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy and Abul Hashim. Muhammad Ali Jinnah (President of the Muslim League, who became Pakistan's founding father) supported it, though he later changed his decision. Mahatma Gandhi also supported it. The Indian National Congress and the Hindu members of Indian Legislative Council from Bengal opposed it.[4][5][6] After India's independence, Bose led his brother's Forward Bloc and formed the Socialist Republican Party, advocating a socialist system for Bengal and India. He died on 20 February 1950, in Calcutta when he was 60 years old.
Family
Sarat Bose married Bivabati Dey, the daughter of Akhoy Kumar Dey and Subala Dey, in 1909. The couple had eight children. Their children included Asoke Nath Bose,[7] a Doctorate in Chemistry from Germany and eminent engineer; Amiya Nath Bose who participated in the Quit India Movement, became a Member of Parliament, and was also the Indian ambassador to Burma; Sisir Kumar Bose,[8] who became a pediatrician and Member of Legislative Assembly, and Subrata Bose, who was an electrical engineer and also a Member of Parliament. His youngest daughter, Prof. Chitra Ghosh, is a distinguished academician, a social scientist, and also a member of the Parliament. His grandson, Sumantra Bose, is a Professor of Comparative Politics at the London School of Economics and Political Science.[9]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Statue_of_Sharat_Bose.jpg/220px-Statue_of_Sharat_Bose.jpg)
Honours
A statue of Sarat Chandra Bose is situated beside Calcutta High Court.
In January 2014, Sarat Chandra Bose Memorial Lecture was instituted, and the maiden lecture was delivered by historian of International fame Leonard A. Gordon - who has penned a joint biography of Sarat and his younger brother Subhas, titled Brothers Against The Raj.[10]
References
- ^ Subhash Chandra Bose: A Biography, Chattopadhyaya, Gautam, National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi, 1997, p. 1
- ^ An Indian Pilgrim: An Unfinished Autobiography And Collected Letters 1897-1921, Subhas Chandra Bose, Asia Publishing House, London, 1965, p. 1
- ^ .winentrance.com/general_knowledge/arat-chandra-bose.html
- ^ R. C. Majumdar (1943). History of Bengal. University of Dacca.
- ^ Christophe Jaffrelot (2004). A History of Pakistan and Its Origins. Anthem Press. p. 42. ISBN 9781843311492.
- ^ "Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy : His Life". thedailynewnation.com. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
- ^ "How Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose escaped Kolkata this day 1941". Retrieved 27 October 2019.
- ^ Sisir Kumar Bose, Sarat Chandra Bose: Remembering My Father, Netaji Research Bureau, Kolkata, 2014. ISBN 978-93-83098-50-7
- ^ Science, London School of Economics and Political. "People". London School of Economics and Political Science. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
- ^ "History failed to recognize Sarat Chandra Bose: Leonard Gordon". IANS. Biharprabha News. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
External links
Media related to Sarat Chandra Bose at Wikimedia Commons
- Indian independence activists from Bengal
- Indian barristers
- 1889 births
- 1950 deaths
- Members of Central Legislative Assembly of India
- Presidency University, Kolkata alumni
- University of Calcutta alumni
- Bengali people
- Politicians from Kolkata
- West Bengal politicians
- 20th-century Indian lawyers
- People from Kolkata
- 20th-century Indian politicians
- All India Forward Bloc politicians