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List of chancellors of Austria

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Portrait of Renner (1905)
Dollfuss pictured as Kaiserschütze (1933)
Kreisky at an elections campaign (1983)
Kurz with Russian President Putin in the Kremlin (2018)
Clockwise from top left:
  • Renner was the first Chancellor of German-Austria, the First Republic and the Second Republic
  • Dollfuss turned the First Republic into a dictatorship and is a key figure in fascism
  • For most of his incumbency, Kurz was the world's youngest head of government.
  • Kreisky is considered perhaps Austria's most successful Socialist leader[1]

The chancellor of Austria is the head of government of Austria, appointed by the president and viewed as the country's de facto chief executive. The chancellor chairs and leads the Cabinet, which also includes the vice chancellor and the ministers.[2]

Following World War I, the office was established by the Provisional National Assembly on 30 October 1918 and named state chancellor of the Republic of German-Austria, and its first holder, Karl Renner, was appointed by the State Council. After the Allied Powers denied German-Austria to merge with the Weimar Republic,[3] the country formed the federal First Austrian Republic and the office was renamed from state chancellor to federal chancellor. The first federal chancellor was Michael Mayr. There have been ten chancellors who served under the First Republic until Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss created the authoritarian and dictatorial Federal State of Austria.[4] Following Dollfuss's assassination by Austrian National Socialists,[5] Kurt Schuschnigg succeeded him as chancellor and upheld the dictatorship.[6] Schuschnigg was replaced by Arthur Seyss-Inquart, a Nazi caretaker who held the office for two days, until Austria was annexed into Nazi Germany.[7]

Austria under National Socialism lost its original republican system of government and was administered by Reichsstatthalter Arthur Seyss-Inquart (1938–1939), Reich Commissioner Josef Bürckel[8] (1939–1940) and Reichsstatthalter Baldur von Schirach[9] (1940–1945). In 1940, the country was renamed Ostmark, completely lost its autonomy, and became a sub-national division of Nazi Germany.[10][11] After the liberation of Vienna and the capitulation of Nazi Germany in 1945, Austria restored its republican form of government.[12] However, Austria remained under allied occupation until 1955[13] and thus the country's sovereignty was ultimately still held by the Allied Control Council.

Since the institution of the republic, the People's Party and the Social Democratic Party have largely dominated Austrian politics; the People's Party/Christian Social Party led nineteen cabinets and served as junior partner in eight, while the Social Democratic Party/Social Democratic Workers' Party led eleven and served as junior partner in five. There have been seven parties that never held the chancellorship but participated in coalition cabinets: the Greater German People's Party in five, the Freedom Party and the Landbund in four, the Fatherland Front in two, and the Greens, the Alliance for the Future and the Communist Party in one.

Following a legislative election or in the case of a vacancy, the president conventionally picks the leader of the largest party in Parliament to serve as chancellor, and appoints the remaining members of the Cabinet based on the chancellor's recommendation. If a sitting chancellor dies, resigns, or is otherwise unable to exercise the powers and duties of the office, the vice chancellor becomes acting chancellor. If the vice chancellor is unavailable, the other members of the Cabinet take over in order of seniority.[14]

Bruno Kreisky was the longest serving chancellor with more than 13 years in office, Arthur Seyss-Inquart was the shortest serving chancellor with 2 days in office, and Walter Breisky was the shortest serving acting chancellor with only 1 day in office.

Chancellors

  ‡ Denotes acting chancellors
Key for parties
  Austrian People's Party / Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP)
  •   1891–1934: Christian Social Party / Christlichsoziale Partei (CS)
  •   2017–present: New People's Party / Neue Volkspartei
  Social Democratic Party of Austria / Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ)
  •   1889–1934: Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria / Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei Österreichs (SDAPÖ)
  Freedom Party of Austria / Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ)
  Alliance for the Future of Austria / Bündnis Zukunft Österreich (BZÖ)
  Communist Party of Austria / Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ)
  The Greens / die Grünen
Key for historical parties
  1920–1934: Greater German People's Party / Großdeutsche Volkspartei (GDVP)
  1922–1934: Rural Federation / Landbund (LBd)
  1920–1936: Homeland Guard / Heimwehr
  1933–1938: Fatherland Front / Vaterländische Front (VF)
  1920–1945: National Socialist German Worker's Party / Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP)
First Republic (1918–1938)
Party Portrait Name Tenure Election Governing party or coalition Ref. and notes
SDAPÖ Portrait of Karl Renner (1905) Karl Renner
(1870–1950) 		30 October 1918
–
7 July 1920 		1919 • SDAPÖ • CS • GDVP [15][16][17]
[a][b]
CS Photograph of Mayr (before 1922) Michael Mayr
(1864–1922) 		7 July 1920
–
21 June 1921 		1920 • CS • SDAPÖ [18]
[c]
IND Portrait of Schober (circa 1922) Johannes Schober
(1874–1932) 		21 June 1921
–
26 January 1922 		– • CS • GDVP • Technocrats [19]
CS Portrait of Walter Breisky (1927) Walter Breisky
(1871–1944)
‡ 		26 January 1922
–
27 January 1922 		– • CS • GDVP [20]
IND Portrait of Schober (circa 1922) Johannes Schober
(1874–1932) 		27 January 1922
–
31 May 1922 		– • CS • GDVP • Technocrats [21]
CS Portrait of Seipel Ignaz Seipel
(1876–1932) 		31 May 1922
–
20 November 1924 		1923 • CS • GDVP • Technocrats [22]
CS Illustration of Ramek (1924) Rudolf Ramek
(1881–1941) 		20 November 1924
–
20 October 1926 		– • CS • GDVP [23]
CS Portrait of Seipel Ignaz Seipel
(1876–1932) 		20 October 1926
–
4 May 1929 		1927 • CS • GDVP • LBd
CS Portrait of Streeruwitz (1929) Ernst Streeruwitz
(1874–1952) 		4 May 1929
–
26 September 1929 		– • CS • LBd [24]
IND Oil painting of Schober (1931) Johannes Schober
(1874–1932) 		26 September 1929
–
30 September 1930 		– • CS
CS Photograph of Vaugoin (circa 1932-03) Carl Vaugoin
(1873–1949) 		30 September 1930
–
4 December 1930 		– • CS [25]
CS Photograph of Ender (1929) Otto Ender
(1875–1960) 		4 December 1930
–
20 June 1931 		1930 • CS [26]
CS Portrait of Buresch (1932) Karl Buresch
(1878–1936) 		20 June 1931
–
20 May 1932 		– • CS • LBd [27]
CS Dollfuss pictured as Kaiserschütze (1933) Engelbert Dollfuss
(1892–1934) 		20 May 1932
–
25 July 1934 		– • CS • LBd • Heimwehr
20 May 1932 – 1 May 1934

• VF
1 May 1934 – 25 July 1934 		[28]
VF
VF Photograph of Schuschnigg (1936) Kurt Schuschnigg
(1897–1977)
‡ 		25 July 1934
–
29 July 1934 		– • VF [29]
VF Photograph of Schuschnigg (1936) Kurt Schuschnigg
(1897–1977) 		29 July 1934
–
11 March 1938 		– • VF [30]
NSDAP Photograph of Seyss-Inquart Arthur Seyss-Inquart
(1892–1946) 		11 March 1938
–
13 March 1938 		– • NSDAP [31][32]

Austria was part of Nazi Germany from 12 March 1938 to 13 April 1945

SPÖ Portrait of Karl Renner (1905) Karl Renner
(1870–1950) 		27 April 1945
–
20 December 1945 		– • SPÖ • ÖVP • KPÖ [33][34][35]
[d]
ÖVP Photograph of Figl (after 1962) Leopold Figl
(1902–1965) 		20 December 1945
–
2 April 1953 		1945 • ÖVP • SPÖ [36]
1949
ÖVP Photograph of Raab (1961) Julius Raab
(1891–1964) 		2 April 1953
–
11 April 1961 		1953 • ÖVP • SPÖ [37]
1956
1959
ÖVP Photograph of Gorbach (1965) Alfons Gorbach
(1898–1972) 		11 April 1961
–
2 April 1964 		1962 • ÖVP • SPÖ [38]
ÖVP Photograph of Klaus (1964) Josef Klaus
(1910–2001) 		2 April 1964
–
21 April 1970 		– • ÖVP • SPÖ [39]
1966 • ÖVP
SPÖ Kreisky at an elections campaign (1983) Bruno Kreisky
(1911–1990) 		21 April 1970
–
24 May 1983 		1970 • SPÖ [40]
1971
1975
1979
SPÖ Photograph of Sinowatz Fred Sinowatz
(1929–2008) 		24 May 1983
–
16 June 1986 		1983 • SPÖ • FPÖ [41]
SPÖ Photograph of Vranitzky Franz Vranitzky
(born 1937) 		16 June 1986
–
28 January 1997 		1986 • SPÖ • FPÖ [42]
1990 • SPÖ • ÖVP
1994
1995
SPÖ Photograph of Klima (1988) Viktor Klima
(born 1947) 		28 January 1997
–
4 February 2000 		– • SPÖ • ÖVP [43]
ÖVP Photograph of Schüssel (2006) Wolfgang Schüssel
(born 1945) 		4 February 2000
–
11 January 2007 		1999 • ÖVP • FPÖ
4 February 2000 – 3 April 2005

• ÖVP • BZÖ
3 April 2005 – 11 January 2007 		[44]
2002
SPÖ Photograph of Gusenbauer (2008) Alfred Gusenbauer
(born 1960) 		11 January 2007
–
2 December 2008 		2006 • SPÖ • ÖVP [45]
SPÖ Portrait of Faymann (2008) Werner Faymann
(born 1960) 		2 December 2008
–
9 May 2016 		2008 • SPÖ • ÖVP [46]
2013
ÖVP Photograph of Mitterlehner (2015) Reinhold Mitterlehner
(born 1955)
‡ 		9 May 2016
–
17 May 2016 		– • SPÖ • ÖVP [47][48]
SPÖ Portrait of Kern (2016) Christian Kern
(born 1966) 		17 May 2016
–
18 December 2017 		– • SPÖ • ÖVP [49]
ÖVP Kurz with Russian President Putin in the Kremlin (2018) Sebastian Kurz
(born 1986) 		18 December 2017
–
28 May 2019 		2017 • ÖVP • FPÖ
18 December 2017 – 22 May 2019

• ÖVP
22 May 2019 – 28 May 2019 		[50]
ÖVP Hartwig Löger
(born 1965)
‡ 		28 May 2019
–
3 June 2019 		– • ÖVP [51][52]
IND Brigitte Bierlein
(born 1949) 		3 June 2019
–
7 January 2020 		– • Technocrats [53][54]
ÖVP Kurz with Russian President Putin in the Kremlin (2018) Sebastian Kurz
(born 1986) 		7 January 2020
–
11 October 2021 		2019 • ÖVP • Greens [55]
ÖVP Alexander Schallenberg
(born 1969) 		11 October 2021
–
6 December 2021 		– • ÖVP • Greens [56]
ÖVP Karl Nehammer
(born 1972) 		6 December 2021
–
present 		– • ÖVP • Greens [57]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Renner initially served as State Chancellor of the Republic of German-Austria until 21 October 1919, and thereafter as State Chancellor of the Republic of Austria.
  2. ^ The chancellor is appointed by the president of Austria. However, since the office of president was only established in 1920, Renner was instead appointed by the State Council.
  3. ^ Office renamed from "State Chancellor" to "Federal Chancellor" on 10 November 1920.
  4. ^ After the Red Army freed Vienna from the Nazi Regime, Renner formed a cabinet under Soviet rule. The cabinet was accepted by the Soviets on 27 April 1945 and recognized by all states of Austria as well as the Allied Control Council in September 1945.

References

  1. ^ "Power limited for Austrian foreign minister, fan of Bruno Kreisky, critic of Juncker". euractiv.com. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
  2. ^ "Bundeskanzler Sebastian Kurz". bundeskanzleramt.gv.at (in German). Archived from the original on 2017-12-22. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
  3. ^ "Treaty of Saint-Germain". Britannica. Retrieved 2019-03-11.
  4. ^ "First Republic and the Anschluss". Britannica. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  5. ^ "The assassination of Engelbert Dollfuss, July 25, 1934". eclecticatbest.com. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  6. ^ "Kurt von Schuschnigg". Britannica. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  7. ^ "Arthur Seyss-Inquart". Britannica. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  8. ^ "Josef Bürckel". geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  9. ^ "Baldur von Schirach". geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  10. ^ "Gesetz über Gebietsveränderungen in Österreich". alex.onb.ac.a (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  11. ^ "Anschluss". Britannica. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  12. ^ "The years of the Allied Forces in Vienna". wien.gv.at. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  13. ^ "Full text of the Austrian State Treaty" (PDF). treaties.un.org. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  14. ^ "Art. 69 B-VG". jusline.at (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-04.
  15. ^ "Dr. Karl Renner" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  16. ^ "Bundesregierung (Österreich)". austria-forum.org (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  17. ^ "Staatsregierung Renner I". anno.onb.ac.at (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  18. ^ "Dr. Michael Mayr" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  19. ^ "abs. iur. DDDr. h.c Johannes Schober" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  20. ^ "abs. iur. DDDr. h.c Johannes Schober" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  21. ^ "abs. iur. DDDr. h.c Johannes Schober" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  22. ^ "Dr. Ignaz Seipel" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  23. ^ "Dr. Rudolf Ramek" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  24. ^ "Ernst Streeruwitz" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  25. ^ "Carl Vaugoin" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  26. ^ "Dr. Otto Ender" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  27. ^ "Dr. Karl Buresch" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  28. ^ "Dr. Karl Buresch" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  29. ^ "Dr. Kurt Schuschnigg" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  30. ^ "Dr. Kurt Schuschnigg" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  31. ^ "Arthur Seyss-Inquart". geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  32. ^ "Dr. Arthur Seyss-Inquart" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2021-10-29.
  33. ^ "Bundeskanzler seit 1945". bundeskanzleramt.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-03.
  34. ^ "Kanzler und Regierungen seit 1945". bundeskanzleramt.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  35. ^ "Karl Renner (Politiker)". geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  36. ^ "Dipl.-Ing. DDDr. h.c. Leopold Figl" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  37. ^ "Ing. DDDr. Julius Raab" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  38. ^ "Dr. Alfons Gorbach" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  39. ^ "Dr. Josef Klaus" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  40. ^ "Dr. Bruno Kreisky" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  41. ^ "Dr. Fred Sinowatz" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  42. ^ "Dipl.-Kfm. Dr. Franz Vranitzky" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  43. ^ "Mag. Viktor Klima" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  44. ^ "Dr. Wolfgang Schüssel" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  45. ^ "Dr. Alfred Gusenbauer" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  46. ^ "Werner Faymann" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  47. ^ "Dr. Reinhold Mitterlehner" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  48. ^ "ÖVP-Chef "überrascht"". orf.at (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  49. ^ "Mag. Christian Kern" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  50. ^ "Sebastian Kurz" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  51. ^ "Bundespräsident Van der Bellen enthebt Regierung ihres Amtes" (in German). APA. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
  52. ^ "Hartwig Löger" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  53. ^ "Kabinett Bierlein angelobt". orf.at (in German). Retrieved 2019-06-03.
  54. ^ "Dr. Brigitte Bierlein" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  55. ^ "Sebastian Kurz" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  56. ^ "Schallenberg set to replace Kurz as Austria's chancellor". Euronews. 11 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  57. ^ Welle (dw.com), Deutsche. "Austria: Karl Nehammer sworn in as new chancellor | DW | 06.12.2021". DW.COM. Retrieved 2021-12-06.

External links

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