Jump to content

27 Club

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Goffman82 (talk | contribs) at 01:20, 30 June 2022 (consolidated duplicate Rolling Stone citations). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

27 Club graffiti in Tel Aviv depicting several well-known members of the club. Left to right: Brian Jones, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Kurt Cobain, and Amy Winehouse.[1]

The 27 Club is an urban legend that popular musicians, artists, and actors die at age 27 with statistically anomalous frequency. Although the claim of a "statistical spike" for the death of musicians at that age has been repeatedly disproven by research, it remains a cultural phenomenon, documenting the deaths of celebrities, many noted for their high-risk lifestyles. Because the club is entirely notional, there is no official membership.

Cultural phenomenon

The 27 Club includes popular musicians, artists and actors who died at age 27,[2] often as a result of drug and alcohol abuse or violent means such as homicide, suicide, or transportation-related accidents.[3] The "club" has been repeatedly cited in music magazines, journals and the daily press. Several exhibitions have been devoted to the idea, as well as novels, films and stage plays.[4][5][6][7]

The deaths of several 27-year-old popular musicians between 1969 and 1971 led to the belief that deaths are more common at this age. Music biographer Charles R. Cross wrote: "The number of musicians who died at 27 is truly remarkable by any standard. [Although] humans die regularly at all ages, there is a statistical spike for musicians who die at 27."[8]

History

Jim Morrison, lead singer of the rock band the Doors and among the first people associated with the 27 Club

Brian Jones, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Jim Morrison all died at the age of 27 between 1969 and 1971. At the time, the coincidence gave rise to some comment,[9][10] but it was not until Kurt Cobain's 1994 death, at age 27, that the idea of a "27 Club" began to catch on in public perception.[8] Blues musician Robert Johnson, who died in 1938, is one of the earliest popular musicians to be included in lists of 27 Club members.[11]

According to Hendrix and Cobain's biographer Charles R. Cross, the growing importance of the media—Internet, magazines, and television—and the response to an interview of Cobain's mother were jointly responsible for such theories. An excerpt from a statement that Cobain's mother, Wendy Fradenburg Cobain O'Connor, made in the Aberdeen, Washington, newspaper The Daily World—"Now he's gone and joined that stupid club. I told him not to join that stupid club."—referred to Hendrix, Joplin, and Morrison dying at the same age, according to Cross.[12] Other authors share his view.[13] On the other hand, Eric Segalstad, writer of The 27s: The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll, assumed that Cobain's mother referred to the death of his two uncles and his great-uncle, all of whom had also committed suicide.[14] According to Cross, the events have led a "set of conspiracy theorists [to suggest] the absurd notion that Kurt Cobain intentionally timed his death so he could join the 27 Club".[8]

In 2011, seventeen years after Cobain's death, Amy Winehouse died at the age of 27, prompting a renewed swell of media attention devoted to the club once again.[15] Three years earlier, she had expressed a fear of dying at that age.[16]

An individual does not necessarily have to be a musician to qualify as a "member" of the 27 Club. Rolling Stone included television actor Jonathan Brandis, who committed suicide in 2003, in a list of 27 Club members.[11] Anton Yelchin, who had played in a punk rock band but was primarily known as a film actor, was also described as a member of the club upon his death in 2016.[17] Likewise, Jean-Michel Basquiat has been included in 27 Club lists, despite the relative brevity of his music career, and his prominence as a graffiti artist and painter.[18]

Scientific studies

A study by university academics published in the British Medical Journal in December 2011 concluded that there was no increase in the risk of death for musicians at the age of 27, stating that there were equally small increases at ages 25 and 32. The study noted that young adult musicians have a higher death rate than the general young adult population, surmising that "fame may increase the risk of death among musicians, but this risk is not limited to age 27". The selection criteria for the musicians included in the study, however – based on having scored a UK #1 album between 1956 and 2007 – excluded several notable members of the 27 Club, including Hendrix, Joplin, Morrison, Ham and McKernan.[19]

A 2014 article at The Conversation also suggested that statistical evidence shows popular musicians are most likely to die at the age of 56 (2.2% compared to 1.3% at 27).[20]

Music

Video games

  • In the 2016 video game Hitman, one of the in-game missions, Club 27, involves killing an indie musician who is celebrating his 27th birthday.[37]

Comics

Identified members

Because the 27 Club is entirely notional, there is no official membership. The following table lists people described as "members" of the club in reliable published sources, in the opinion of their respective authors.

Name Date of birth Date of death Official cause of death Fame Age Sources
Alexandre Levy November 10, 1864 January 17, 1892 Unknown Composer, pianist and conductor 27 years, 68 days [39]
Louis Chauvin March 13, 1881 March 26, 1908 Neurosyphilitic sclerosis Ragtime musician 27 years, 13 days [39]
Rupert Brooke August 3, 1887 April 23, 1915 Sepsis Poet 27 years, 263 days [40]
Robert Johnson May 8, 1911 August 16, 1938 Unknown Blues singer and musician 27 years, 100 days [39][41]
Nat Jaffe January 1, 1918 August 5, 1945 Complications from high blood pressure Swing jazz pianist 27 years, 216 days [39]
Jesse Belvin December 15, 1932 February 6, 1960 Traffic collision (car) R&B singer, pianist and songwriter 27 years, 53 days [39]
Rudy Lewis August 23, 1936 May 20, 1964 Drug overdose Vocalist of the Drifters 27 years, 271 days [42]
Joe Henderson April 24, 1937 October 24, 1964 Heart attack R&B and gospel singer 27 years, 183 days [43]
Malcolm Hale May 17, 1941 October 30, 1968 Poisoning (carbon monoxide) Original member and lead guitarist of Spanky and Our Gang 27 years, 166 days [39]
Dickie Pride October 21, 1941 March 26, 1969 Drug overdose (sleeping pills) Rock and roll singer 27 years, 156 days [44]
Brian Jones February 28, 1942 July 3, 1969 Drowned in a swimming pool; coroner's report states "death by misadventure"[45][46] Rolling Stones founder, guitarist and multi-instrumentalist 27 years, 125 days [39][47]
Alan "Blind Owl" Wilson July 4, 1943 September 3, 1970 Drug overdose (barbiturate), possible suicide Leader, singer and primary composer of Canned Heat 27 years, 61 days [39]
Jimi Hendrix November 27, 1942 September 18, 1970 Asphyxiation[48] Pioneering electric guitarist, singer and songwriter of the Jimi Hendrix Experience and Band of Gypsys 27 years, 295 days [39]
Janis Joplin January 19, 1943 October 4, 1970 Drug overdose (probably heroin)[49] Lead vocalist and songwriter of Big Brother and the Holding Company, the Kozmic Blues Band and Full Tilt Boogie Band 27 years, 258 days [39][50]
Arlester "Dyke" Christian June 13, 1943 March 13, 1971 Murdered Frontman, vocalist and bassist of Dyke and the Blazers 27 years, 273 days [39]
Jim Morrison December 8, 1943 July 3, 1971 Heart failure[51] Singer, lyricist, and leader of the Doors 27 years, 207 days [39]
Ron "Pigpen" McKernan September 8, 1945 March 8, 1973 Gastrointestinal hemorrhage associated with alcoholism Founding member, keyboardist and singer of the Grateful Dead 27 years, 181 days [39]
Roger Lee Durham February 14, 1946 July 27, 1973 Fell off a horse and died from the injuries Singer and percussionist of Bloodstone 27 years, 163 days [39]
Wallace "Wally" Yohn January 12, 1947 August 12, 1974 Plane crash Organ player of Chase 27 years, 212 days [39]
Dave Alexander June 3, 1947 February 10, 1975 Pulmonary edema Bassist of the Stooges 27 years, 252 days [39]
Pete Ham April 27, 1947 April 24, 1975 Suicide by hanging Keyboardist and guitarist, leader of Badfinger 27 years, 362 days [39]
Gary Thain May 15, 1948 December 8, 1975 Drug overdose (heroin) Former bassist of Uriah Heep and the Keef Hartley Band 27 years, 205 days [39]
Cecilia October 11, 1948 August 2, 1976 Traffic collision (car) Singer 27 years, 296 days [52][53]
Helmut Köllen March 2, 1950 May 3, 1977 Poisoning (carbon monoxide) Bassist of 1970s prog rock band Triumvirat 27 years, 62 days [39]
Chris Bell January 12, 1951 December 27, 1978 Traffic collision (car) Singer-songwriter and guitarist of power pop band Big Star and solo 27 years, 349 days [39]
Zenon De Fleur September 9, 1951 March 17, 1979 Traffic collision (car) and subsequent medical complications Guitarist of the Count Bishops 27 years, 189 days [43][54]
D. Boon April 1, 1958 December 22, 1985 Traffic collision (van) Guitarist, lead singer of punk band Minutemen 27 years, 266 days [39]
Alexander Bashlachev May 27, 1960 February 17, 1988 Fall from a height, probable suicide Poet, rock musician and songwriter 27 years, 266 days [52]
Amar Singh Chamkila July 21, 1960 March 8, 1988 Murdered Singer, songwriter, musician, and composer 27 years, 231 days [55]
Jean-Michel Basquiat December 22, 1960 August 12, 1988 Drug overdose (Speedball) Painter and graffiti artist; formed the band Gray 27 years, 234 days [42]
Pete de Freitas August 2, 1961 June 14, 1989 Traffic collision (motorcycle) Drummer of Echo & the Bunnymen 27 years, 316 days [39]
Finbarr Donnelly April 25, 1962 June 18, 1989 Drowning accident Singer of Five Go Down to the Sea? 27 years, 50 days [56]
Chris Austin February 24, 1964 March 16, 1991 Plane crash Country singer and guitarist/fiddle player for Reba McEntire 27 years, 20 days [57]
Dimitar Voev May 21, 1965 September 5, 1992 Cancer Poet, founder of the Bulgarian new wave band New Generation 27 years, 107 days [58]
Mia Zapata August 25, 1965 July 7, 1993 Murdered Lead singer of the Gits 27 years, 316 days [39]
Kurt Cobain February 20, 1967 April 5, 1994 c. Suicide by gunshot[59] Founding member, lead singer, guitarist and songwriter of Nirvana 27 years, 44 days c. [39][50]
Kristen Pfaff May 26, 1967 June 16, 1994 Drug overdose (heroin) Bass guitarist of Hole and Janitor Joe 27 years, 21 days [39]
Richey Edwards December 22, 1967 February 1, 1995 Disappeared near a common suicide site; later presumed dead Lyricist and guitarist of Manic Street Preachers 27 years, 41 days [39]
Stretch April 8, 1968 November 30, 1995 Murdered Rapper 27 years, 236 days [60]
Fat Pat December 4, 1970 February 3, 1998 Murdered American rapper and member of Screwed Up Click 27 years, 61 days [39]
Freaky Tah May 14, 1971 March 28, 1999 Murdered American rapper and member of the hip hop group Lost Boyz 27 years, 318 days [39]
Kami February 1, 1972 June 21, 1999 Subarachnoid hemorrhage Drummer of Malice Mizer 27 years, 140 days [61]
Rodrigo Bueno May 24, 1973 June 24, 2000 Traffic collision (car) Cuarteto singer 27 years, 31 days [52]
Sean Patrick McCabe November 13, 1972 August 28, 2000 Asphyxiation Lead singer of Ink & Dagger 27 years, 289 days [39]
Maria Serrano Serrano November 26, 1973 November 24, 2001 Plane crash (Crossair Flight 3597) Singer of Passion Fruit 27 years, 363 days [39]
Rico Yan March 14, 1975 March 29, 2002 Acute Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis Filipino actor 27 years, 15 days [39]
Jonathan Brandis April 13, 1976 November 12, 2003 Suicide by hanging American actor 27 years, 213 days [11]
Jeremy Ward May 5, 1976 May 25, 2003 Drug overdose (heroin) The Mars Volta and De Facto sound manipulator 27 years, 20 days [39]
Bryan Ottoson March 18, 1978 April 19, 2005 Drug overdose (prescription medication) Guitarist of American Head Charge 27 years, 32 days [39]
Valentín Elizalde February 1, 1979 November 25, 2006 Murdered Mexican banda singer 27 years, 297 days [39]
Damien "Damo" Morris May 22, 1980 December 19, 2007 Traffic collision (bus) Member of Australian deathcore band the Red Shore 27 years, 211 days [62]
Orish Grinstead June 2, 1980 April 20, 2008 Kidney failure Founding member of the R&B group 702 27 years, 323 days [63]
Jade Goody June 5, 1981 March 22, 2009 Cervical cancer Reality-television personality 27 years, 290 days [17][64]
Dash Snow July 27, 1981 July 13, 2009 Drug overdose Artist 27 years, 351 days [65][66]
Amy Winehouse September 14, 1983 July 23, 2011 Alcohol poisoning[67] Singer-songwriter 27 years, 312 days [47][50][68]
Richard Turner July 30, 1984 August 11, 2011 Cardiac arrest Trumpet player, collaborator with Friendly Fires 27 years, 12 days [69]
Anton Yelchin March 11, 1989 June 19, 2016 Accidental blunt traumatic asphyxia[70] Actor, Chekov in the Star Trek reboot series 27 years, 100 days [17]
Thomas Fekete July 1, 1988 May 31, 2016 Cancer Guitarist of Surfer Blood 27 years, 335 days [71]
Kim Jong-hyun April 8, 1990 December 18, 2017 Suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning[72] Vocalist and lyricist of Shinee 27 years, 254 days [73]
Fredo Santana July 4, 1990 January 19, 2018 Cardiovascular disease and idiopathic epilepsy[74] American rapper 27 years, 199 days [75]
Benjamin Keough October 21, 1992 July 12, 2020 Suicide by gunshot Elvis Presley's grandson and son of Lisa Marie Presley and brother of Riley Keough 27 years, 265 days [68]

See also

Citations

  1. ^ Peterson, Sydney (March 8, 2017), 12 Must-See Works Of Israeli Street Art, Forward Magazine, retrieved October 1, 2017
  2. ^ "After Nirvan' Show airs on Saturday 3rd April 2100–2200". BBC. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
  3. ^ Weiss, David. "Amy Winehouse & The 27 Club". Life Goes Strong. Archived from the original on April 25, 2012. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  4. ^ Sounes (2013).
  5. ^ Owen, Michael (February 2012). The 27 Club: Why Age 27 Is Important. ISBN 978-0473206840.
  6. ^ Segalstad, Eric (2008). The 27s: The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll. ISBN 978-0615189642.
  7. ^ The Curse of 27: They Have Three Things in Common. Talent, Fame... and a Tragic Death at the Age of 27. the 27 Club. Forever 27. August 2011. ISBN 978-1907823220.
  8. ^ a b c Charles R. Cross (February 22, 2007). "P-I's Writer in Residence Charles R. Cross explores the darker side of 'only the good die young'". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
  9. ^ Roberts, Nesta (September 10, 1971). "Flower Bower". The Guardian. UK. p. 13.
  10. ^ Riordan, James; Prochnicky, Jerry (1992). Break on Through: The Life and Death of Jim Morrison. It Books. pp. 416, 467. ISBN 978-0-688-11915-7.
  11. ^ a b c "The 27 Club: A Brief History". Rolling Stone. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  12. ^ Charles R. Cross (2002). Heavier Than Heaven: A Biography of Kurt Cobain (2nd ed.). Hyperion. p. 357. ISBN 978-0-7868-8402-5.
  13. ^ R. Gary Patterson. Take a Walk on the Dark Side: Rock and Roll Myths, Legends, and Curses. p. 259.
  14. ^ Josh Hunter; Eric Segalstad (2008). The 27s: The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll. Berkeley Lake: Samadhi Creations. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-615-18964-2. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
  15. ^ "Amy Winehouse, Jimi Hendrix, Kurt Cobain and the 27 Club". No. July 23, 2011. The Washington Post. July 24, 2015.
  16. ^ "The Inquisitr: Stating the Obvious, Amy Winehouse". Inquisitr.com. December 28, 2008. Archived from the original on June 13, 2019. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
  17. ^ a b c "The curse of the '27 Club' strikes again after Star Trek actor Anton Yelchin dies", BBC, February 19, 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  18. ^ O'Connor, Rob (July 23, 2011). "Twenty-Seven Members of the 27 Club". Yahoo Music. Archived from the original on October 13, 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
  19. ^ Wolkewitz M, Allignol A, Graves N, Barnett A (December 20, 2011). "CHRISTMAS 2011: DEATH'S DOMINION Is 27 really a dangerous age for famous musicians? A retrospective cohort study". The BMJ. 343: d7799. doi:10.1136/bmj.d7799. PMC 3243755. PMID 22187325.
  20. ^ Kenny, Dianna Theodora (November 18, 2014). "The 27 Club is a myth: 56 is the bum note for musicians", The Conversation. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
  21. ^ Chick, Stevie (October 23, 2008). "Chemical brothers". The Guardian. Retrieved October 15, 2011.
  22. ^ "What is the Rock and Roll 27 Club?". Mental Itch. December 13, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
  23. ^ "Fringe Review: 'The 27 Club' at Warehouse". Maryland Theatre Guide. July 15, 2014. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
  24. ^ "Eric Burdon Speaks His Mind on New LP". Rolling Stone. February 5, 2013. Retrieved July 24, 2014.
  25. ^ "The Blackest Beautiful". sputnikmusic.com.
  26. ^ Menshikov, Vitaly (November 21, 2013). "Review: The Twenty Seven Club". Progressor. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
  27. ^ "Watsky (Ft. Jimetta Rose) – All You Can Do". Genius. Retrieved October 4, 2018.
  28. ^ "Mac Miller - Brand Name". Genius. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
  29. ^ Murphy, Heather (September 4, 2019). "Man Faces Drug Charge in Mac Miller's Death". The New York Times. Retrieved April 27, 2022.
  30. ^ "No Good By Ivy Levan | High Voltage Magazine". iamhighvoltage.com.
  31. ^ "A conversation with JPEGMAFIA, the MC who raps like the internet feels". Dazed Digital. March 28, 2019. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
  32. ^ "Adore Delano Talks New Punk Album 'Whatever', the '27 Club' & Being Nonbinary: 'Gender Isn't a Real Thing'". Billboard. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  33. ^ "Club 27 – Lyrics". MonaLisa Twins.
  34. ^ Mamo, Heran (December 19, 2019). "Here Are the Lyrics to Juice WRLD's 'Legends'". Billboard. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
  35. ^ Ruskell, Nick. "Life After Death: How Taylor Momsen survived her downward spiral". Kerrang. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
  36. ^ ""If life is darker and harsher, you can still have fun" -- Blind Channel's "Dark Side" lyrics shirk a grim reality in favour of anarchy". wiwibloggs. February 18, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
  37. ^ "We Help a Rock Star Join Club 27 in Hitman's Bangkok Level". Outside Xbox. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  38. ^ "SNEAK PEEK: THE 27 CLUB". www.madmagazine.com. April 27, 2018. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
  39. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah "The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll". The27s.com. Archived from the original on January 20, 2018. Retrieved September 9, 2011.
  40. ^ Bell, Virginia (November 17, 2011). "Dear Lindsay, Please Don't Join the 27 Club". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved July 30, 2021.
  41. ^ Sullivan, James (May 27, 2011). "Robert Johnson Founds the '27 Club' With Devil Pact – Twisted Tales". Spinner. Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
  42. ^ a b Thom Geier (February 20, 2020). "27 Club: Stars Who Died at Age 27, From Jimi Hendrix to Kurt Cobain". TheWrap. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
  43. ^ a b Sounes (2013), p. 304.
  44. ^ "British Musician Dickie Pride, a.k.a. Richard Charles Kneller, Dead at 27" Archived August 26, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Forever 27. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
  45. ^ Anthony Bruno (July 10, 1969). "All about Brian Jones". Crime Library. Archived from the original on May 26, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
  46. ^ "Jones Drowned While 'Drunk and Drugged'". The Guardian. July 8, 1969. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  47. ^ a b Clements, Paul (July 24, 2011). "Amy Winehouse joins the 'Forever 27' club". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022.
  48. ^ Brown, Tony (1997). "The Doctor's Story", Jimi Hendrix: The Final Days. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
  49. ^ Hendrickson, Paul (May 5, 1992). "Janis Joplin: A Cry Cutting Through Time". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
  50. ^ a b c Schillaci, Sophie A. (July 23, 2011). "Amy Winehouse Joins Kurt Cobain, Janis Joplin in '27 Club'". The Hollywood Reporter.
  51. ^ Walt, Vivienne (July 19, 2007). "Postcard: Paris". Time. Archived from the original on April 12, 2010. Retrieved April 23, 2010.
  52. ^ a b c Saunders, Christian (January 2012). "The Forever 27 Club", Fortean Times. Archived from the original on November 20, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  53. ^ "El coche nos los arrebató". Con Plomo. Archived from the original on June 11, 2012. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  54. ^ Simmonds, Jeremy (2012). The Encyclopedia of Dead Rock Stars: Heroin, Handguns, and Ham Sandwiches, second edition, Chicago Review Press, pp. 121–122.
  55. ^ Khan, Murtaza Ali. "In search of Chamkila", The Hindu, January 25, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  56. ^ O'Driscoll, Des. "Recalling the great nights of Cork's Arcadia". Irish Examiner, June 13, 2014. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
  57. ^ "The Curse of 27", Angelfire. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
  58. ^ "Show Dimitar Voev its pig! "Voev is the Bulgarian representative in mythologizing "Club 27""". TEMADaily. October 17, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
  59. ^ van Gelder, Lawrence (March 3, 1998). "Footlights". The New York Times. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
  60. ^ Stanley-Ayre, Sarah (February 27, 2015). "The Myth of the 27 Club", CityPages. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
  61. ^ Griffen, Brendan (March 28, 2014). "Music & Mortality" Archived June 21, 2014, at archive.today, brendangriffen.com. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
  62. ^ Rockers Who Died At age 27
  63. ^ H, Jim (January 21, 2010). "The 27 Club". Historic Mysteries. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
  64. ^ Mercury (March 25, 2009). "Is Jade Goody the latest victim of Club 27?". Birmingham Mail.
  65. ^ Marche, Stephen (July 18, 2009). "Messy life, clichéd death for prince of hipsters". Toronto Star. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
  66. ^ Carlson, Jen (July 15, 2009). "Dash Snow Remembered By New York". Gothamist. Archived from the original on December 9, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
  67. ^ Davies, Caroline (October 26, 2011). "Amy Winehouse inquest records verdict of misadventure". The Guardian. London. Retrieved October 26, 2011.
  68. ^ a b Chelsea Duff (July 16, 2021). "The 27 Club Is Tragic—See All the Stars Who Died at the Young Age". In Touch Weekly. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
  69. ^ Smith, K. Alexander. "Richard Turner of Friendly Fires: 1984–2011 (Archived)". Archived from the original on August 21, 2011. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
  70. ^ Mather, Kate (June 19, 2016). "Anton Yelchin, actor in 'Star Trek' films, dies in freak car accident at age 27". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  71. ^ Hartmann, Graham. "27 Rockers Who Died At The Age of 27". Loudwire. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  72. ^ Frater, Patrick (December 18, 2017). "Jonghyun of Korean Pop Group Shinee Dies at 27". Variety. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
  73. ^ "K-pop star Kim Jong Hyun joins the ill-fated '27 Club'". The Straits Times. Agence France-Presse. December 19, 2017. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
  74. ^ "The cause of Chicago rapper Fredo Santana's death has been determined". The FADER.
  75. ^ Duff, Seamus (January 20, 2018). "As Rapper Fredo Santana 'Dies Aged 27', Other Stars Who Make Up Tragic Club 27 – Including Amy Winehouse, Jimi Hendrix and Kurt Cobain". Daily Mirror. Retrieved January 20, 2018.

General sources

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=27_Club&oldid=1095730224"