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Hurricane Earl (2022)

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Hurricane Earl
Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS/NWS)
Hurricane Earl at peak intensity close to Bermuda
FormedSeptember 3, 2022 (September 3, 2022)
DissipatedSeptember 15, 2022 (September 15, 2022)
(Remnant low after September 10th)
Highest winds1-minute sustained: 105 mph (165 km/h)
Lowest pressure954 mbar (hPa); 28.17 inHg
Fatalities2
DamageMinimal
Areas affected
Part of the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season

Hurricane Earl was a long-lived hurricane that was expected to become a major hurricane, though this did not happen. The 5th named storm and 2nd hurricane of the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season, Earl was a strong Category 2 hurricane that stayed out at sea, though brought heavy rain to Puerto Rico, and Newfoundland. It originated from a tropical wave near Cape Verde. A few days later, it was given the name Earl. Earl started to shift northward after impacting parts of Caribbean. Deep-wind shear halted Earl from rapidly intensifying, and it maintained its tropical storm status. Around two days later, it finally started to intensify. Earl was projected to become a major hurricane, but failed to become one. Earl peaked as a strong Category 2 hurricane with winds up to 105mph (165kph). Earl became extratropical off the coast of Newfoundland and continued moving northeast.

Meteorological History

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Earl originated from a tropical wave that was producing widespread disorganized showers and thunderstorms when it formed off the coast of Africa on August 25.[1] After moving west across the eastern and central tropical Atlantic, the disturbance was met with environmental conditions east of the Leeward Islands that were only marginally conducive for a tropical cyclone's development.[2] After struggling against high wind shear for many days, the disturbance was finally able to organize itself and developed into Tropical Storm Earl early on September 3.[3] A burst of deep convection occurred near the center of Earl during the evening of September 5, and a Hurricane Hunter's mission into the storm later that night reported that it briefly strengthened to near hurricane strength.[4] Earl's intensity continued to fluctuate throughout much of the next day due to ongoing effects of westerly deep-layer shear.[5] Later that day, the shear quickly diminished, resulting in Earl becoming better organized and strengthening into a hurricane at around 00:00 UTC on September 7.[6] By 03:00 UTC on September 8, Earl had reached Category 2 strength, still moving northward; Hurricane Hunters data showed it to have developed an eye of almost 60 mi (90 km) and a fairly symmetric wind field.[7] Three hours later, the hurricane had attained peak sustained winds of 105 mph (165 km/h).[8] Despite being forecasted to continue strengthening and peak as a Category 4 hurricane, Earl's inner core was repeatedly interrupted due to dry air entrainment and it fluctuated in strength the following day while passing well to the east of Bermuda despite being over extremely warm sea surface temperatures of around 84–86 °F (28–29 °C).[9] It briefly weakened down to Category 1 hurricane strength early on September 9,[10] before re-strengthening into Category 2 strength with a peak intensity of 105 mph (165 km/h) sustained winds and a minimum barometric pressure of 954 mbar (28.17 inHg). At this time, Earl had become a rather large hurricane, with hurricane-force winds extending outward of up to 80 miles (130 km) from the center and tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 275 miles (445 km).[11] After maintaining this intensity for several hours, Earl weakened down to a Category 1 hurricane again at 15:00 UTC on September 10, and then transitioning into an extratropical cyclone due south of Cape Race, Newfoundland six hours later.[12] Earl continued to move northeast after becoming extratropical and moved north of the Azores, approaching Europe. Earl continued to spiral north before dissipating on September 15th after "losing its identity" north of the Azores.[13]

Preparations and Impacts

In Salinas, Puerto Rico, 2 people died after being struck by a lightning while riding a jet ski.[14][15] As Earl passed east of Florida, strong swells hit the eastern coast of the state.[16] A large swell caused by Earl hit Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Bermuda was hit with sustained winds of 35 mph (60 km/h) as Hurricane Earl passed within about 90 mi (145 km) away from the island's eastern coast; much higher gusts were reported, including one of 67 mph (108 km/h) at the National Museum of Bermuda. There were localized power outages across the archipelago but no major damage was reported.[17][18] During a 36-hour period on September 10–12, 7–8 in (175–200 mm) of rain fell in the St. Johns area, causing overflowing along the Waterford River which led to a large amount urban flooding. Similar rainfall amounts were also observed in communities throughout the Avalon Peninsula. Additionally, the cyclone caused rough surf which damaged the breakwater on the coast near Trepassey, Newfoundland and Labrador, bringing localized flooding to the area.[19] Despite being far away from the United Kingdom and Ireland, the countries still saw heavy rainfall and rough surf.[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ Berg, Robbie (August 25, 2022). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 3, 2022.
  2. ^ Beven, Jack (September 2, 2022). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 3, 2022.
  3. ^ Berg, Robbie (September 2, 2022). Tropical Storm Earl Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 3, 2022.
  4. ^ Berg, Robbie (September 6, 2022). Tropical Storm Earl Discussion Number 14 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  5. ^ Bucci, Lisa; Pasch, Richard (September 6, 2022). Hurricane Earl Discussion Number 17 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  6. ^ Bucci, Lisa; Pasch, Richard (September 6, 2022). Hurricane Earl Advisory Number 16A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
  7. ^ Bucci, Lisa; Pasch, Richard (September 7, 2022). Hurricane Earl Discussion Number 21 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 8, 2022.
  8. ^ Berg, Robbie (September 8, 2022). Hurricane Earl Advisory Number 22 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 8, 2022.
  9. ^ Henson, Bob; Masters, Jeff (September 9, 2022). "Fierce winds, heavy rains hit Southern California on Kay's fringes". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved September 9, 2022.
  10. ^ Bucci, Lisa; Pasch, Richard (September 9, 2022). Hurricane Earl Advisory Number 25 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 9, 2022.
  11. ^ Zelinsky, David (September 9, 2022). Hurricane Earl Advisory Number 28 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 9, 2022.
  12. ^ Beven, Jack (September 10, 2022). Hurricane Earl Advisory Number 32 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 10, 2022.
  13. ^ a b "Hurricane Earl's Great Atlantic Journey - Magicseaweed". Magicseaweed.com. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
  14. ^ "Mueren hombre y mujer tras impacto de rayo" [Man and woman die after lightning strike]. Primera Hora (in Spanish). Guaynabo, Puerto Rico. September 4, 2022. Retrieved September 4, 2022.
  15. ^ "Identifican a hombre y mujer que murieron tras ser impactados por rayo en Salinas" [They identify a man and woman who died after being struck by lightning in Salinas] (in Spanish). Telemundo Puerto Rico. September 5, 2022. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
  16. ^ "Post-Tropical Cyclone Earl hands Florida rough surf as NHC tracks new system". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
  17. ^ Johnston-Barnes, Owain (September 9, 2022). "Hurricane Earl 3am update: some gusts remain but the worst has passed". The Royal Gazette. Hamilton, Bermuda. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
  18. ^ Bell, Jonathan; Lagan, Sarah (September 10, 2022). "Residents praised for taking Earl seriously". The Royal Gazette. Hamilton, Bermuda. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
  19. ^ "Heavy downpour overflowing riverbanks, flooding streets in St. John's area". CBC News. September 12, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
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