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Zviahel

Coordinates: 50°35′0″N 27°38′0″E / 50.58333°N 27.63333°E / 50.58333; 27.63333
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Zviahel[1]
Звягель
City of regional significance
Flag of Zviahel[1]
Flag
Coat of arms of Zviahel[1]
Coat of arms
Zviahel[1] is located in Zhytomyr Oblast
Zviahel[1]
Zviahel[1]
Location of Zviahel
Zviahel[1] is located in Ukraine
Zviahel[1]
Zviahel[1]
Zviahel[1] (Ukraine)
Coordinates: 50°35′0″N 27°38′0″E / 50.58333°N 27.63333°E / 50.58333; 27.63333
Country Ukraine
Oblast Zhytomyr Oblast
RaionZviahel Raion
First mentioned1256
City status1795
Government
 • MayorVolodymyr Zahryvyi
Area
 • Total2,667 km2 (1,030 sq mi)
Elevation
218 m (715 ft)
Population
 (2021)
 • Total55,463
 • Density21/km2 (54/sq mi)
Postal code
11700—11709
Area code1811000000
Websitehttp://novograd.osp-ua.info/

Zviahel (Template:Lang-uk, pronounced [ˈzwjɑɦelʲ]; Template:Lang-yi translit. Zvil) is a city in the Zhytomyr Oblast (province) of northern Ukraine. Originally known as Zviahel, the city was renamed to Novohrad-Volynskyi (Template:Lang-uk) in 1795 after annexation of territories of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by the Russian Empire soon after the third Partition of Poland. On 16 June 2022 city council renamed the city again to Zviahel.[2] The decision on renaming the city was approved by the Ukrainian parliament on 16 November 2022.[3]

The city serves as the administrative center of Zviahel Raion (district), though administratively it does not belong to the raion and is incorporated separately as a city of oblast significance. Population: 55,790 (2020 est.)[4]

The city is located on the main route to Kyiv ( E40) near its crossing at the Sluch River.

Name

The city has previously been known as: Возвягель Vozviahel, Звяголь Zviahol, Zviahel, Звягаль Zviahal, Dzwihel, Novohrad-Volynskyi.

Originally known as Zviahel, the city was renamed to Novohrad-Volynskyi in 1795 after annexation of territories of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by the Russian Empire soon after the third Partition of Poland.[3]

Since the 1991 Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine there have been several attempts to rename the city.[2] Public discussions on renaming the city to Zviahel began in April 2022.[2] On 16 June 2022 city council renamed the city again to Zviahel.[2] The decision was supported by 22 of the 30 deputies present, while four deputies opposed and abstained.[2] The name change was then to be approved by the deputies of the Zhytomyr Oblast Council.[2] And the final decision on renaming the city had then to be made by the Ukrainian parliament.[2] The decision on renaming the city was approved by the Ukrainian parliament on 16 November 2022.[3]

1994-2022 Coat of arms of Novohrad-Volynskyi

On 31 March 2022 the city council had removed the letter Z (which was a reference to the name Zviahel and it was placed on the bell symbol) from its coats of arms.[5] This was done because letter Z was widely used by the invading Russian army during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and has become a propaganda tool in Russia.[5]

History

The city was mentioned in the Galician-Volhynian Chronicle under the year of 1256 as the town of Zviahel. The original settlement was an Old Ruthenian town of Bolokhiv Land located on the right bank of Sluch.[6] In 1257 it was razed by Daniel of Galicia.

The next mentioning of the settlement is found in 1432 as a rebuilt one on the left bank upstream from the original site.[6] Since 14th century it belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania owned by Zwiahelski princely family.[6] In 1501 to 1554 the town belonged to Ostrogski princely family.[6] In 1507 Konstanty Ostrogski built here a castle.[6] After formation of Volhynian Voivodeship, it was located in Lutsk County. Following the 1569 Union of Lublin it was passed on to the Crown of Poland.[6]

During the Khmelnytsky Uprising, Cossacks destroyed portion of the city's fortification and burnt down the Catholic church (kosciol).[6] In September 1648 in the city was formed an insurgency group of local peasants led by Mykhalo Tysha.[6] In 1650s in Zwiahel existed Zwiahel Regiment.[6]

In 18th century the city belonged to Lubomirski princely family.[6]

The city had an important Jewish community. In the late 19th century it was home to 9,378 Jews, more than half the population of the town. Pogroms killed approximately 1,000 Jews in 1919.[7] After the Treaty of Riga, Novohrad-Volynskyi became part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic of the Soviet Union. By the start of World War II only 6,840 Jews remained, (30% of the total population). Hundreds of Jews were murdered in mass executions perpetrated by an Einsatzgruppen in 1941. Many survivors were imprisoned in harsh conditions in a ghetto and murdered in November 1942,[8] and an important part of the town was destroyed during the war.

Climate

Climate data for Novohrad-Volynskyi (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −1.0
(30.2) 		0.3
(32.5) 		5.5
(41.9) 		14.0
(57.2) 		20.5
(68.9) 		23.0
(73.4) 		24.8
(76.6) 		24.3
(75.7) 		18.7
(65.7) 		12.5
(54.5) 		4.8
(40.6) 		0.1
(32.2) 		12.3
(54.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) −3.3
(26.1) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		1.5
(34.7) 		8.6
(47.5) 		14.6
(58.3) 		17.3
(63.1) 		19.1
(66.4) 		18.2
(64.8) 		13.2
(55.8) 		7.8
(46.0) 		2.0
(35.6) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		7.8
(46.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −5.9
(21.4) 		−5.6
(21.9) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		4.0
(39.2) 		9.1
(48.4) 		12.2
(54.0) 		14.1
(57.4) 		13.1
(55.6) 		8.9
(48.0) 		4.2
(39.6) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		4.0
(39.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 37.8
(1.49) 		37.1
(1.46) 		37.4
(1.47) 		41.9
(1.65) 		52.6
(2.07) 		86.9
(3.42) 		92.4
(3.64) 		63.5
(2.50) 		56.6
(2.23) 		40.8
(1.61) 		44.3
(1.74) 		43.3
(1.70) 		634.6
(24.98)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 9.2 9.4 9.1 8.2 8.5 10.6 10.4 8.2 8.8 7.7 8.6 10.0 108.7
Average relative humidity (%) 83.6 81.7 77.2 68.3 67.9 72.8 74.1 74.1 78.4 79.9 84.4 85.4 77.3
Source: World Meteorological Organization[9]

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine

Zviahel is twinned with:[10]

  • Mezentsev Palace
    Mezentsev Palace
  • Railway station
    Railway station
  • Lesya Ukrainka's house
    Lesya Ukrainka's house
  • Holocaust monument
    Holocaust monument
  • Dzwihel is between Teteriv and Sluch
    Dzwihel is between Teteriv and Sluch
  • Novohrad Fortress
    Novohrad Fortress
  • Novohrad Fortress over Sluch River
    Novohrad Fortress over Sluch River

References

  1. ^ "ВР перейменувала на Звягель місто Новоград-Волинський на Житомирщині". Цензор.НЕТ.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g (in Ukrainian) Novohrad-Volynskyi was renamed Zviahel - deputies returned the historical name of the city, Suspilne Movlennia (16 June 2022)
  3. ^ a b c (in Ukrainian) In Ukraine, the city of Novohrad-Volynskyi was renamed, Ukrainska Pravda (16 November 2022)
  4. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2020 року / Population of Ukraine Number of Existing as of January 1, 2020 (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 September 2023.
  5. ^ a b (in Ukrainian) Change of symbols: in Zhytomyr region the letter "Z" was removed from the coats of arms of one of the communities, Suspilne Movlennia (31 March 2022)
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Zvizdetskyi, B. Vozvyahl (ВОЗВЯГЛЬ). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2003
  7. ^ Ron Doctor (2018-09-30). "Zhvil, Novohrad-Volins'kyy, ShtetLinks - JewishGen.org". Kehilalinks.jewishgen.org. Retrieved 2022-03-16.
  8. ^ המכון הבין-לאומי לחקר השואה - יד ושם. Yad Vashem (in Hebrew).
  9. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  10. ^ "Міста-партнери Звягелю". novograd.osp-ua.info (in Ukrainian). Novohrad-Volynskyi. Archived from the original on 2021-11-28. Retrieved 2020-04-02.
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