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Toma N. Socolescu
Toma N. Socolescu in his thirties.
Born1848
Ploiești, Romania
Died(1897-11-22)22 November 1897
Ploiești
NationalityRomanian
Alma materarchitect graduated from the School of Fine Arts of Bucharest, architecture section
OccupationArchitect
Years active1870-1883
ChildrenToma T. Socolescu, Florica T. Socolescu, Smaranda T. Socolescu, Ioan T. Socolescu, Coralia-Ioana-Margareta T. Socolescu
Parent(s)Nicolae Gheorghe Socol, loana Săndulescu
RelativesIon N. Socolescu, brother
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Order of the Crown of Romania
PracticeArchitecture, urban planning, artist painter, building contractor.
BuildingsChurches Sfantu Vîneri and Sfinţii Împărați, municipal baths of Ploiești, barracks Cuza-Vodă of Bucharest
ProjectsRealization of the first topographic plan of Ploiești in 1882.
DesignNeoclassical architecture


Toma N. Socolescu was an important neoclassical Romanian architect of the mid to late 19th century, born in Ploiești in 1848, and passed away on November 22, 1897 in Ploiești. First Romanian architect in the county of Prahova having been trained in Romania, he participated extensively in the urban planning of the city of Ploiești. He has built many public works in his region of Prahova, while having the particularity of having also exercised as a building contractor. He carried out his own plans as well as those of other architects.

Biography

Neoclassical architect, born in 1848 in Ploiești, son of the architect Nicolae Gheorghe Socol, major architect of the Prahova County, he is the only Romanian architect officiating in Prahova from his time, the others being all of foreign origin. Builder of many public and official buildings of județ, churches and remarkable private houses, several of which are listed in the historical architectural heritage of Romania, he was also chief architect of the city of Ploieşti and main contractor. Indeed, he carried out most of his works after drawing up all the plans. According to his son, Toma T. Socolescu, he himself made the materials necessary for the constructions[c 1]. Thus, as a master builder and entrepreneur, executing the plans of other architects, he will build schools, hospitals, high schools and barracks[c 1]. In the last years of his life, he will engage in the oil industry and becomes the owner of oil platforms in the municipality of Buștenari, in the County of Prahova. In association with Toma Rucăreanu, he himself will build a gas factory called "Lumina", next to the South Station [ro], of Ploieşti[c 2][a 1][d 1].

Drawing by Toma N. Socolescu representing Michael the Brave.
Drawing by Toma N. Socolescu representing Michael the Brave.

A hard worker, he also has an artistic flair. A good draughtsman and watercolourist[b 1], he also enjoyed creating and shaping decorative handicrafts in glazed terracotta, as well as traditional Romanian stoves in his own home[a 1][d 1]. There is a watercolor and a drawing at the Ploiești Art Museum: Michael the Brave, on horseback[1]. Originally from Transylvania, and echoing the founding of the city by Michael the Brave, the architect decorated many of his buildings with a frontispiece adorned with a bas-relief of the Prince[b 2][a 2][d 2].

He was very close to his younger brother, the architect Ion N. Socolescu [ro] whom he supported financially during all his studies at the Paris School of Architecture. He will move to Bucharest in 1896 to follow the big building site of the Vodă barracks.

He is one of the twenty signatories, including Ion Mincu[2], of a petition asking the Prime Minister to create a Commission for Historic Monuments, with the aim of protecting and preserving Romania's architectural heritage. The petition was published in the newspaper The Annals of Architecture in May 1890[3].

He died at the age of 48 on November 22, 1897 in Ploiești, having accomplished an impressive work, despite the premature end of his professional activity. He is buried in the Socolescu family vault at the Bellu Cemetery in Bucharest.

Education and travels

He studied architecture in the section led by the architects Alexandru Orăscu and Carol Benişu (or Carol Beniş) at the School of Fine Arts of Bucharest. He joined the school on December 23, 1867, which he finished in 1870[a 3][d 3][b 3]. His diploma is signed by the hand of the King Carol I[a 4][c 1].

Romanian architects are then formed in the spirit of classical architecture. The neo-classicism was adopted in Wallachia and Moldavia from the 18th century, it would last until the end of the 19th century.

Very active and eager for knowledge, he undertook a study trip to France and Italy during the 1893 winter.[b 4].

Official duties, titles and public responsibilities

Royal decree of appointment of Toma N. Socolescu, published in the Official Romanian Gazette dated February 21, 1884, page 6470.
Royal decree of appointment of Toma N. Socolescu, published in the Official Romanian Gazette dated February 21, 1884, page 6470.
  • Chief architect of the city of Ploiești, in 1882.
  • Founding member of the Romanian Architects Society[4], created around February 16, 1891. He was the only one among the founders to practice architecture in Ploiești[c 3][5][6]
  • Decorated with the Knight'sCross of the Order of the Crown of Romania on February 21, 1884.

Genealogy

The Socol family of Berivoiul-Mare, formerly part of Făgăraș or Făgăraș land is a branch of the Socol family of Muntenia, which lived in the county of Dâmbovița. A Socol, great boyar and son-in-law of Mihai Viteazul (1557–1601), had two religious organizations in Dâmbovița county, still existing, Cornești and Răzvadu de Sus. He built their churches (and another one in the suburb of Târgoviște). This boyar married Marula, daughter of Tudora din Popești, sister of Prince Antonie-Vodă. Marula was recognized by Mihai Viteazul as his illegitimate daughter, following an extra-marital liaison with Tudora. Marula is buried in the cemetery of Răzvadu de Sus church.[7]

Iorga found Socol ancestors among the founders of the town of Făgăraș. Around 1846, five Socol brothers came to Muntenia from Berivoiul-Mare, in the Land of Făgăraș where the name of Socol is widespread.

One of the brothers was architect Nicolae Gh. Socol (??-1872). He settled in Ploiești and named himself Socolescu. He married Iona Săndulescu, from the Sfantu Spiridon suburb. He had a daughter (died in infancy) and four sons,[a 6][d 5] two of whom became major architects: Toma N. and Ion N.

Family Tree


Nicolae Gh. Socol (18??-1872) architectIoana Săndulescu
Alexandrina Nicolau (1860–1900)Toma N. Socolescu (1848–1897) chief architect of PloieștiNicolae N. Socolescu timber merchantGhiță N. Socolescu artist painter, dead during his graduate studiesIon N. Socolescu (1856–1924) architect
Florica Tănescu (1887-19??)Toma T. Socolescu (1883–1960) professor-architectFlorica T. SocolescuSmaranda T. SocolescuIoan T. SocolescuCoralia-Ioana-Margareta T. Socolescu
Mircea Socolescu (1907–1978) settled in France in 1945, married without childrenToma Gheorghe Barbu Socolescu (1909–1977) architectIrena Gabriela Vasilescu (1910–1993) artist painter, teacher
Mihai Ștefan Marc Socolescu (1942–1994) teacherMaria Lois (1942-2021) teacher
Laura Socolescu (1967) settled in France – doctor of Science and tango teacher

Architectural achievements

First topographic plan of the city of Ploiești drawn up by the Chief Architect Toma N. Socolescu, in 1883.
First topographic plan of the city of Ploiești drawn up by the Chief Architect Toma N. Socolescu, in 1883.

Toma N. Socolescu began his career as architect and master buider in 1870[a 3][d 3]. He elaborates the plans and realizes the constructions of all types of buildings: private houses, public buildings, factories, churches, etc. As chief architect of the city of Ploiești, he drew up, in 1882, the first topographic plan of the city: Planul urbei Ploesci, nomenclatura, de Toma N. Socolescu architectu, URBEI, Anu 1882.[8][a 7][d 6]

In 1830, the city of Ploiești did not include any official, public building, not even a school or hospitals. Public services were installed in private premises rented for this purpose. Everything was left to build. Toma N. Socolescu played a major role in the construction and planning of public buildings.

The city owes him most of the official public buildings of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Most will last until 1944. Some, and in particular the churches, are still visible.

In Ploiești

Public and religious buildings, artworks

  • Sfânta Vineri [ro] church plans and building[9], from 1875 to 1880. Many Russian soldiers, present during the Russo-Turkish conflict of 1877-1878, contributed to its construction[a 8][d 7]. It survived despite significant damage due to the earthquakes of 1940 and 1977, but also to the american bombings of 1944. Reconsolidated in 1998, the church is listed as a historical monument[10]. Its interior walls were decorated with frescoes by the painter Gheorghe Tattarescu[a 9][d 8], then spelled: Tătărăscu.
  • Viișoara cemetery chapem in 1880, when the cemetery of the same name was founded[a 3][d 3][c 1].     
  • Sfinţii Împărați Constantin și Elena church plans and building[11], around 1890, located at the intersection of Ion Luca Caragiale, Take Ionescu and Mărășești streets. The architect was inspired by the Episcopal Church of Curtea de Argeș, known at the time as the most beautiful monument in the country[a 10][d 9]. The interior of the building was decorated by the then famous churches painter: Toma Vintilescu. Also badly affected by war and earthquakes, the church was restored and re-consecrated in 1945.
Sfânta Vineri church.
Sfânta Vineri church.
Saint Emperors Constantine and Elena church.
Saint Emperors Constantine and Elena church.
Chapel in the Viișoara cemetery.
Chapel in the Viișoara cemetery.
The Statue of Liberty in Ploiești in 1908.
The Statue of Liberty in Ploiești in 1908.
Churches and artworks.
  • Plans and construction of the former Courthouse, built in 1879, located on the sidewalk of the current Prahova hotel, it was seriously affected by the earthquake of 1940 and then demolished in the following months[12].
the former courthouse of Ploiești designed and built by Toma N. Socolescu, in 1879.
the former courthouse of Ploiești designed and built by Toma N. Socolescu, in 1879.
  • He drew up the plans and built the "Palace of Communal Baths" on the order of Radu Stanian, between 1877 and 1979.[a 11][d 10][13]. The baths, later renamed Municipal Baths, will be sold later to the city. Inaugurated in 1881, it was a citizen admired symbol. It will function until after the Second World War, housing the baths, but also, by period, part of the high school Sfântul Petru şi PavelCite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).. The palace was finally destroyed by the Communists in 1955, and replaced by styleless and pale housing blocks.
  • The fish markets, in 1880, under the mandate of the mayor Constantin T. Grigorescu. They will be demolished to make way for the construction of the Ploiești Central Market Hall [ro], the major work of his son Toma T. Socolescu[a 3][d 3].
  • The fire station, behind the old town hall, in 1881[a 3][d 3].
  • Plans and construction of the School of Arts and Crafts, on Văleni avenue (at the time), built in 1886[a 12][d 11]. Classified as a historical monument[14], it is located on Văleni street, number 32, and now[15] houses a public administration, the "Urban Management Services of the City of Ploiești".
  • Boys' primary school "Number 3", then located at the corner of Târgușor (or Târgșor) street, and lieutenant Al. Zagoriţ, formerly Ghiţă Alexiu Street, in 1888[a 13][d 6][c 1]. The building has survived, it now houses a nursery school on Mărășești street, number 51, at the intersection with Ceahlău street.
  • The marble base (extracted from a Prahova quarry) of the Statue of Liberty, as well as its wrought iron fence. Inaugurated on June 11, 1881, the bronze statue represents Minerva, Goddess of wisdom. She was made and cast in France[a 14][d 12]. It has changed location several times over the years, it is now located on Heroes Square (Piața Eroilor) , in front of the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist [ro] (Catedrală Sfântul Ioan Botezătorul), built by his son Toma T. Socolescu. It was an important symbol of the city following the political turmoil of 1870[16], for a long time it remained neglected and hidden by the Communists. Very degraded in the 2000s, it was finally restored from 2008 to 2012, then moved again in 2012 to its current location.
School of Arts and Crafts of Ploiești, 32 Văleni street in 2012.
School of Arts and Crafts of Ploiești, 32 Văleni street in 2012.

Private houses, shops and hotels

  • The new Dimitrie Sfetescu House[a 15][d 13]. Listed as a historical monument[17], it became the headquarters of the Concordia oil company in the 1930s, then the headquarters of the Ploiești municipal police in the 2000s. It can still be seen on Bulevard Independenței, number 21[18].
  • Gheorghe Dobrescu house[a 15][d 13], a great merchant from Brașov (Transylvania), located on Bulevard Independenței, number 23, and always visible[18].
  • D. Angelescu house[a 15][d 13]. Destroyed at the beginning of the 2000s[18]. A house has since been rebuilt, copying its original style[19].
  • Property of Ion G. Gogălniceanu at the intersection of I. Radovici[20] and Kogălniceanu streets, a large merchant's house, with shops on the ground floor and one floor, built in 1870. The side of the building included a frontispiece decorated with a bas-relief representing two lions and a bust of Michael the Brave, Wallachian prince at the origin of the strong development of the city, and whose memory is often recalled on ancient buildings or writings related to Ploiești[a 2][d 2]. It was demolished following the 1977 earthquake[21].
  • He drew up the plans and built much of the one-storey shops on Lipscani street, a historic and emblematic crossing and commerce place in the city[a 3][d 3], and in other streets of the city center, such as Cavafi street[c 1], in neo-classical and neo-Italian style. These buildings were kept in their original shape until the american bombings of 1944. The communist urban redevelopment, implemented from the 1960s, and thereafter the systematization of Ceausescu have sealed their fate. They have all disappeared, as well as the street Lipscani itself. The strada Lipscani was an old, slightly curved street that ran from the heart of the city to the Palace of Justice. This artery disappeared in two stages: the first half near the Palace of Culture was demolished between 1968-1969, to make way for the current administrative city. The other half was demolished after the 1977 earthquake[22].
Lipscani street in Ploiești in the 1930s.
Lipscani street in Ploiești in the 1930s.
  • Toma Rucăreanu house, in 1884[a 15][d 13]. Listed as a historical monument[23],it became the Sfetescu House, located on bulevard Independenței, number 19. It currently hosts[15] the restaurant Mon Jardin[18].
  • The Grand Hôtel Luca Moise, as well as the adjoining theater hall, completed on October 15, 1885[a 3][d 3]. The hotel was located at the intersection of Mihail Kogălniceanu, formerly Franceză and Constantin Dobrogeanu Gherea streets, formerly Municipalității street[24].
  • Also around 1888, he built the large Eliade building, on the square in front of the Grand Hotel Luca Moise[a 13][d 6].
  • Bazar house on the former Bucureşti avenue, at the corner of Ştefan cel Mare street.
  • Naumescu house on the Rudului street.
  • Plans and construction of the Boulevard hotel, in 1896, which was his last work. It was placed on Union Square (Piața Unirii), had a ground floor occupied by shops, and bedrooms upstairs. After the World War I, it was leased by the financial administration of Prahova. Prahova[a 13][d 6]. It has since been demolished.

The list is not exhaustive[a 16][d 14]..

Achievements as prime contractor and builder

  • Despina Doamna girls' secondary school, on Buna Vestire street, in 1890, according to the project of his brother Ion N. Socolescu [ro][c 4][a 17][d 15][25]. Transformed into a military hospital during the Second World War from 1941 to 1943, the school was finally completely destroyed by the American bombings of April 1944[26].
  • Reconstruction of the Boldescu hospital, in 1893, located on Boldescu street, hospital founded in 1831 by the boyar intendant of the same name Gheorghe Bolcescu[27]. The works were carried out according to the plans of the architect Filip Xenopol[a 18][d 16].
  • The number two schools for boys and girls[a 13][d 6].
Ion G. Gogălniceanu store, in 1970.
Ion G. Gogălniceanu store, 1970.
Dimitrie Sfetescu house, in 2012.
Dimitrie Sfetescu house, in 2012.
Toma Rucăreanu house, in 2012.
Toma Rucăreanu house, in 2012.
The former Bulevard hotel circa 1930.
The former Bulevard hotel circa 1930.
Store, houses, and hotel in Ploiești.


In Prahova county

  • Sfinții voievozi church[28], vers 1876, located in the city center of Urlați. The painter Gheorghe Tattarescu also decorated it with many remarkable icons[c 1][29].
  • Restoration of the old Câmpina town hall around 1880[c 1], originally built by his father Nicolae G. Socol around 1850 for the journalist Zaharia Carcalechi, it will be taken over by the local administration, in 1877, to be transformed into a town hall. It was located at the intersection of Doftanei avenue[30], and of the city's central boulevard, Bulevard Carol I[31]. It was demolished and another town hall was built on the same place in 1922[32].

Achievements as prime contractor and builder

The list is not exhaustive[a 16][d 14].

In Bucharest

Achievements as prime contractor and builder

  • The Cuza-Vodă barracks[c 1][a 13][d 6][33], located on the Dealul Spirii, in the middle of the old historic district Uranus, completely razed by Ceausescu, to build the gigantic and highly contested "People's Palace".

Other counties

Achievements as prime contractor and builder

Legacy

Until 1944, a good part of the most beautiful streets of Ploiești, and the city's landmark monuments of which he is the author, were still in place, and deeply marked the face of the city, for which Toma N. Socolescu had brought the neo-classical touch of French and Italian inspiration. To this will be added the neo-Romanian style buildings, including a large production by his son Toma T. Socolescu, a great builder also in Ploiești and throughout Judet, but also art deco style constructions, even Bauhaus houses. The American bombings of 1944 will bring down an eighth of the buildings and will definitively affect the harmony of the city and its architectural eclecticism.[35][36][37]. The earthquakes of of 1940 and 1977 also struck down the buildings of Prahova, including several by Toma N. Socolescu. However, the most significant destructions are the prerogative of the communists who will complete disfiguring the city between 1960 and 1989 by two waves of systematization. The biggest will be decided by Nicolae Ceausescu, the last communist dictator. These tablula rasa operations will often pretext the weakening[38] of buildings by the 1977 earthquake to make them disappear, and with them the face of an era that evokes only too much of a triumphant educated bourgeoisie, and the insolent expression of a period that the new regime absolutely wanted to make people forget[39]. However, there are still several churches and public buildings of the architect[15], as well as some beautiful residences. They remain emblems of the city, most of them classified as historical monuments. The works of Toma N. Socolescu remain the expression of neoclassicism in architecture.

Very well known in the city of Ploiești, the name of the architect-builder is linked to the history of a trade and oil rich city, and whose future seemed bright at the time. A high school bears his name[40], as well as a street: strada Arhitect Toma Socolescu.

The Palace of Communal Baths.
The Palace of Communal Baths.
The Cuza-Vodă barracks, circa 1930.
The Cuza-Vodă barracks, circa 1930.
The Ploiești baths and the Vodă barracks in Bucharest, vanished testimonies of the past.

Sources

  • (in French and Romanian) Socolescu family's archives (Paris, Bucharest) including a photographic collection.
  • (in Romanian) Manuscripts of the memoirs of Toma T. Socolescu, Amintiri, written between 1949 and 1959.
  • (in Romanian) Manuscripts of Fresca arhitecților care au lucrat în România în epoca modernă 1800 – 1925 of Toma T. Socolescu, written between 1949 and 1954.
  • (in Romanian) Historical Study of Toma T. Socolescu on the City of Ploiești: Arhitectura în Ploești, studiu istoric,[41] printer: Cartea Ramânească, București, Preface by Nicolae Iorga, 1938, reference: 16725, 111 pages.
  • (in Romanian) Monografia orașului Ploești, Mihail Sevastos, Editura: Cartea Ramânească, București, 1938, 1 vol., 905 pages.
  • (in Romanian) Journal Analele Architecturei și ale Artelor cu care se légă[42], Publishing director: Ion N. Socolescu [ro], Tipgografia Curtii Regale, F. Göbl & Sons, Bucharest, pubished from 1890 to 1893[43]
  • (in Romanian) Bicericile din Ploiești, I Bisericile orthodoxe, Constantin Trestioreanu, Gheorghe Marinică, Editura Ploiești Milenium III, Ploiești, 2003, 203 pages, ISBN 973-85670-4-1.
  • (in Romanian) Official documents of the Romanian institutions, including the Romanian Official Gazette(Monitorul Oficial).
  • (in Romanian) Library of the Ion Mincu Architecture and Urbanism University.[44]
  • (in Romanian) Central University Library of Bucharest[45] – and particularly numerous issues of the Romanian architecture journal Arhitectura.
  • (in Romanian) Lucian Vasile, historian, expert and head of office at the Institute for the Investigation of the Crimes of Communism and the Memory of the Romanian Exile, President of the Association for the Education and Urban Development (AEDU)[46], native of Ploiești and author of the site specializing in the city and its history: Republica Ploiești.
  • (in Romanian) Gabriela Petrescu, architect in Bucharest, author of a doctoral thesis: ARHITECŢII SOCOLESCU 1840-1940 - Studiu monografic, dedicated to Socolescu architects, published at the University of Architecture and Urban Planning Ion Mincu, 2014. The thesis is available at the UAIM - Summary of Gabriela Petrescu's thesis.

Bibliography

  • (in Romanian) Toma T. Socolescu, Amintiri,[47] Editura Caligraf Design, Bucharest, 2004, 1 vol., 237 pages, ISBN 973-86771-0-6.[48]
  • (in Romanian) Toma T. Socolescu, Fresca arhitecților care au lucrat în România în epoca modernă,[49] Editura Caligraf Design, Bucharest, 2004, 1 vol., 209 pages, ISBN 973-86771-1-4.[50]
  • (in Romanian) Toma T. Socolescu, Arhitectura în Ploești, studiu istoric,[41] Editura: Cartea Ramânească, București, Preface by Nicolae Iorga, 1938, 111 pages, reference: 16725.[51] The book includes most of the chapters written by Socolescu for the Monograph of the city of Ploiești, by Mihail Sevastos.
  • (in Romanian) Mihail Sevastos, Monografia orașului Ploești,[52] Editura: Editura: Cartea Românească, București, 1938, 1 vol., 905 pages.[53] Toma T. Socolescu is one of the authors of the monograph. He wrote the chapters devoted to architecture, the Central Market Hall, urban planning, the city maps history, and culture (visual artists, museums and the "Nicolae Iorga" library).
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Toma N. Socolescu.
  • (in Romanian) RepublicaPloiesti.net is a site specializing in architectural history of the City of Ploiești. It contains numerous photographs of the city taken between the beginning of the twentieth and 1945. Several works of Toma T. Socolescu are presented.
  • (in Romanian) Association for Education and Urban Development. Association whose objectives are: the preservation and enhancement of urban heritage, the organization of educational and cultural activities in the field of history, sustainable development and the protection of human rights.
  • (in Romanian) Atunci și acum Blog allows comparison, over several Romanian cities, of yesterday and today's streets views and houses.
  • Historic Houses of Romania. A reference site on the finest Romanian homes, created by Valentin Mandache, Romanian architectural heritage expert. The site has also a Romanian version: (in Romanian) Case de Epoca.
  • (in Romanian) Three Romanian sites mainly dedicated to the history and architecture of the ancient Bucharest
– Bucureștii Vechi și Noi
– locuri în București...și istorii despre ele
– Unknown Bucharest
– Official list of all historical monuments in Romania: https://patrimoniu.ro/images/lmi-2015/lista-monumentelor-istorice-2015.pdf Lista monumentelor istorice din România, 2015].
– Official list of historical monuments of Prahova county: Lista Monumentelor Istorice Prahova, 2015.
– Official list of historical monuments of Bucharest: Lista Monumentelor Istorice București, 2015.


Notes and References

  • (a) (in Romanian) Toma T. Socolescu, Arhitectura în Ploești, studiu istoric[54], Editura : Cartea Românească, Bucarest, Préfacé par Nicolae Iorga, 1938, référence : 16725, 111 pages.
  1. ^ a b page 106.
  2. ^ a b pages 54 and 55.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g page 55.
  4. ^ page 47.
  5. ^ Translation of page 37.
  6. ^ pp. 105–106
  7. ^ In 1938 Toma T. Socolescu writes:

    Architect of the town hall, he produced the first complete plan of the city, with the nomenclature of the streets - non-existent until then - as we will see in the chapter relating to the history of the plan of the city "Building and urban planning", plan approved in session of the municipal council of January 9, 1882, the mayor then being Constantin. T.Grigorescu.

    , page 56.
  8. ^ pp. 14 and 55.
  9. ^ pp. 15 and 92.
  10. ^ page 11.
  11. ^ page 55 et 56.
  12. ^ page 34.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h page 56.
  14. ^ page 64.
  15. ^ a b c d page 39.
  16. ^ a b Toma T. Socolescu writes: [...]And many other private houses., page 56.
  17. ^ page 59.
  18. ^ pp. 45-46.
  • (b) (in Romanian) Toma T. Socolescu, Manuscrits et livre : Amintiri[47], Editura Caligraf Design, Bucarest, 2004, 1 vol., 237 pages.
  1. ^ page 19.
  2. ^ page 66.
  3. ^ page 30.
  4. ^ Travel notes brought up by his son Toma T., pages 19 and 20.
  • (c) (in Romanian) Toma T. Socolescu, Manuscrits et livre : Fresca arhitecților care au lucrat în România în epoca modernă 1800 - 1925[55], Editura Caligraf Design, Bucarest, 2004, 1 vol., 209 pages.
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j page 70.
  2. ^ page 71.
  3. ^ List of all founding members:Alexandru Orăscu, premier président ; Carol Benişu ; Mihai Capuţineanu ; Gheorghe Duca ; Alexandru Săvulescu ; Ioan N. Socolescu ; Dumitru Mamairol ; Gheorghe Mandrea ; Ion Mincu; Grigore P. Cerchez; Ştefan Ciocârlan; N. P. Cerchez; Toma N. Socolescu; Grigore Călinescu; N. Stavrolea ; Filip Montureanu ; Filip Xenopol ; Nicolae Gabrielescu ; George Sterian ; I Constantinescu ; P. Petriciu ; R. Nedelescu ; F. Thyr ; C. Stravrolea - page 50.
  4. ^ pp. 70 and 82.
  • (d) (in Romanian) Mihail Sevastos, Monografia orașului Ploești, Editura : Cartea Românească, Bucarest, 1938, 905 pages.
  1. ^ a b page 215.
  2. ^ a b pages 194-195.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g page 195.
  4. ^ page 177.
  5. ^ pp. 214-215.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i page 196.
  7. ^ pp. 154 and 195.
  8. ^ page 155.
  9. ^ page 151.
  10. ^ pp. 195-196.
  11. ^ page 174.
  12. ^ pp. 90-91.
  13. ^ a b c d page 179.
  14. ^ a b Toma T. Socolescu writes: [...]And many other cparticular houses., page 196.
  15. ^ pagina 199.
  16. ^ pp. 185-186.
  17. ^ a b page 133.


  • Other notes and references:
  1. ^ (in Romanian) Museum website: Muzeul Judeţean de Artă.
  2. ^ La liste comprend des architectes et artistes de premier rang à l'époque : Aman T. [ro], Pictor ; Alpar I., Pictor ; Baicoianu C [ro]., Architect ; Beniş O., Architect ; Căluiescu, Architect ; Ciocîrlan S., Architect ; Carcaleţeanu, Pictor ; Constantinescu, Architect ; Gavrilescu, Architect ; Georgescu [ro], Sculptor ; Mincu, Architect ; Mandrea, architect ; Maimarolu, Architect ; Mirea , Pictor ; Orăscu., Architect ; Petriceu., Architect ; Pompilian [ro]., Pictor ; Săvulescu [ro], Architect ; Socolescu T., Architect ; Sterian [ro], Architect ; Storc, Sculptor ; Stăncescu [ro]., Pictor ; Socolescu I [ro], Architect ; Stoicescu., Pictor. ; Tatărascu., Valbudea [ro], Pictor, Sculptor.
  3. ^ , Analele Architecturei și ale Artelor cu care se légă, in English: Annals of Architecture and Related Arts, year I, number 5, may 1890, pages 97 and 98 - Direct link to the issue.
  4. ^ (in Romanian) UAR Website, formerly the Society of Romanian Architects, history.
  5. ^ (in Romanian) Analele Architecturei și ale Artelor cu care se légă, year II, number 3, march 1891, page 41 - Direct link to the issue.
  6. ^ (in Romanian) History of the Union of Architects of Romania and the special issue published by the UAR for the 130th anniversary of the SAR, on page 2: 1891-2021 : 130 de ANI de la Constiturea Societații Arhitecților din România.
  7. ^ Inclusion of the cross on the tombstone of Răzvadu de Sus: " Died, the servant of God Marula, Master of the Royal Court Lady of Messire Socol, former Grand Master of the Royal Court, daughter of the late Prince Mihai and Lady Tudora, in the year 1647, during the reign of Prince Ion Matei Basarab in 17 December, around the tenth hour of the night, solar calendar of the 21st year ", according to the Romanian translation done by G.D Florescu in 1944 from an original slavon version: " A răposat roaba lui Dumnezeu Marula clucereasa jupanului Socol fost mare clucer, fiică a răposatului Io Mihai Voevod și a jupînesei Tudora la anul 1647 în zilele lui Ion Matei Basarab voevod în luna decembrie 17 zile spre al zecilea ceas din noapte crugul solar temelia 21 ".
    (in Romanian) Source: G.D. Florescu, Idem, "Un sfetnic al lui Matei Basarab, ginerele lui Mihai Viteazul", in Revista istorică română, XI–XII, 1941–1942, pp. 88–89.
  8. ^ The spelling of the city of Ploiești (as well as the Romanian language) has evolved over time: from Ploiesci, it passed to Ploești then Ploiești.
  9. ^ translation: Good Friday Church.
  10. ^ (in Romanian) National Heritage Institute : Site of Romanian classified historical monuments and List of historical monuments in Prahova - page 2155, No.322, ref. PH-II-m-B-20992.01.
  11. ^ translation: church of the Holy Emperors Constantine and Helen.
  12. ^ (in Romanian) Lucian Vasile, Republica Ploiești website, Ploiești, June 2016, the 10 largest buildings that have disappeared from Ploiești- Top 10 clădiri dispărute ale orașului Ploiești and february 2010, old Courthouse history - Tribunalul Vechi.
  13. ^ (in Romanian) Lucian Vasile, Republica Ploiești website, Ploiești, April 2010, municipal baths history- Palatul Bailor Municipale.
  14. ^ (in Romanian) National Heritage Institute : List of classified historical monuments in Romania and List of historical monuments in Prahova - page 2157, No.339, ref. PH-II-m-A-16305.
  15. ^ a b c in 2022.
  16. ^ In reference to the attempt to overthrow the kingship, in 1870, in the city of Ploiești - La République de Ploiești [ro]
  17. ^ (in Romanian) National Heritage Institute: List of classified historical monuments in Romania and List of historical monuments in Prahova - page 2154, No.304, ref. PH-II-m-B-16277.
  18. ^ a b c d (in Romanian) Lucian Vasile, Republica Ploiești website, Ploiești, December 2010, a walk on Independenței Boulevard which evokes the old houses including that of Dimitrie Sfetescu, Gheorghe Dobrescu, D. Angelescu and Toma Rucăreanu - O plimbare pe Bulevard (II).
  19. ^ (in Romanian) photography on the website of the Societatea Culturală „ATOM”, Ploiești, 1979 - Fosta casa a avocatului D. Angelescu – foto 1979.
  20. ^ now Toma Caragiu Street.
  21. ^ (in Romanian) photography on the website of the Societatea Culturală „ATOM”, Ploiești, 1970 - strada Toma Caragiu (fostă Liceului/ Dr. Radovici) – foto 1970.
  22. ^ (in Romanian) Lucian Vasile, Republica Ploiești website, Ploiești, october 2009 - Strada Lipscani.
  23. ^ (in Romanian) National Heritage Institute : List of classified historical monuments in Romania and List of historical monuments in Prahova - page 2154 - No.303 - ref. PH-II-m-B-16276.
  24. ^ (in Romanian) photography on the website of the Societatea Culturală „ATOM”, Ploiești, 1977 - 1977 – Grand Hôtel Luca Moise.
  25. ^ (in Romanian) Analele Architecturei și ale Artelor cu care se légă, year I, number 10, october 1890, page 188 - Direct link to the issue.
  26. ^ (in Romanian) Lucian Vasile, Republica Ploiești website, Ploiești, february 2011, History of the Despina Doamna Girls' School - Scoala Despina Doamna si Casa Pionierilor.
  27. ^ right next to the church of which he was also the founder. Nowadays St George the new church "Sf Gheorghe Nou".
  28. ^ translation: Church of the Holy Voivodes.
  29. ^ (in Romanian) Photographs of the icons on the website of the Holy Voivodes parish - Tezaurul Bisericii Sfinții voievozi.
  30. ^ then called alley Telegii, then I.C Brătianu.
  31. ^ (in Romanian) History and photographs on the Câmpina TV website - Câmpina, România 100. Casa Carcalechi, de ieri, primul sediu al Primăriei Câmpina, aceeaşi zonă în zilele noastre.
  32. ^ (in Romanian) Information and photographs on the Câmpina TV website - S-a întâmplat în Câmpina, de-a lungul timpului, la data de 17 octombrie and Câmpina, România 100. Primăria din perioada interbelică, blocurile de astăzi. Other information on the Câmpina town hall website - photograph of town hall after 1922.
  33. ^ (in Romanian) ANIC (Arhivele Nationale Istorice Centrale) Fond PMB-tehnic, dosar nr.1206/189 - National Archives of Romania.
  34. ^ School website Liceul Tehnologic ”Iordache Zossima” Armășești - overview page.
  35. ^ (in English) Radio România Internaţional broadcast, on 12/07/2021, The Bombing Raids in Ploiesti. Interview of Lucian Vasile, historian, expert and head of office at the Institute for the Investigation of the Crimes of Communism and the Memory of the Romanian Exile, President of the Association for the Education and Urban Development (AEDU), by the journalist Steliu Lambru - text from the interview.
  36. ^ (in Romanian) Lucian Vasile, Republica Ploiești website, Ploiești, 5 April 2018, Video on the American bombings of April 1944 - Bombardamentul din 5 aprilie 1944 asupra Ploieștiului and an article published on July 8, 2012 showing vintage photos of the destructions: Panorama aeriana a Ploiestilor dupa bombardament
  37. ^ (in Romanian) Lucian Vasile, Orașul sacrificat. Al Doilea Război Mondial la Ploiești ("The Sacrificed City. the second world war in Ploiești"), Asociatia pentru Educatie si Dezvoltare Urbana , Ploiești, 2016 (1st édition: 2014), 1 vol., 336 pages, ISBN 978-973-0-21379-9 - References of the book available on the Republica Ploiești website.
  38. ^ (in English) Radio România Internaţional broadcast, Steliu Lambru, on 10/04/2021 - Ceausescu's ruthless demolition of Romania's historical monuments.
  39. ^ The razing of Romania's past : international preservation report, Dinu C. Giurescu, Washington, D.C. : U.S. Committee, International Council on Monuments and Sites, Distributed by the Preservation Press, Kress Foundation : European Preservation Program of the World Monuments Fund, 1989, 68 pages, ISBN 0-911697-04-7, pages: 38-68 (Chapter 'Nationwide urban and rural destruction and resettlement') - PDF document on the wmf.org website
  40. ^ Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino street, No.328 - Facebook page : Liceul Tehnologic “Toma Socolescu” Ploiești.
  41. ^ a b Translation: Architecture in Ploiești, historical study.
  42. ^ traduction : Annals of Architecture and Related Arts.
  43. ^ All issues of the journal are available:
  44. ^ (in Romanian) Library of the Ion Mincu Architecture and Urbanism University.
  45. ^ (in Romanian) Central University Library Carol I of Bucharest (Biblioteca Centrală Universitară Carol I).
  46. ^ (in Romanian) Asociația pentru Educație și Dezvoltare Urbană and Resume of Lucien Vasile at IICCMER.
  47. ^ a b Translation: Memoirs.
  48. ^ The work is available:
  49. ^ Translation: Fresco of the architects who have worked in Romania in the modern era from 1800 to 1925.
  50. ^ The book is available:
    • (in Romanian) at the County Library Nicolae Iorga of Ploiești.
    • (in Romanian) at the Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism library – internet site: Direct link, in the BUAUIM catalog, references III 5036 and III 2892 for the copy dating from 1955.
    • (in Romanian) at the Central University Library of Bucharest (Biblioteca Centrală Universitară Carol I), reference UNITATEA CENTRALA: IV518874.
    • (in Romanian) at the National Library of Romania on the BNR catalog, reference "cota" IV 71752.
    • at the British Library in the BL catalog, reference YF.2006.b.1101.
  51. ^ The book is available:
  52. ^ Translation: Monograph of the City of Ploiești.
  53. ^ The monograph can be found:
  54. ^ Cite error: The named reference ArhitecturaInPloiesti was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  55. ^ traduction : Fresque des architectes qui ont œuvré en Roumanie à l'époque moderne de 1800 à 1925.
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