Jun of Gojoseon
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| Jun of Gojoseon | |||||||
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| Chinese name | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 準王 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 准王 | ||||||
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| Korean name | |||||||
| Hangul | 준왕 | ||||||
| Hanja | 準王 | ||||||
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Jun of Gojoseon was the last and 41th king of Gija Joseon. He was succeeded by Wiman, whose usurpation of the throne began the dynasty of Wiman Joseon of Gojoseon.[1][2][3][4][5]
Region in Gojoseon
According to Three Kingdoms, he was the last and 41th king of Gija Joseon. It appears that he was crowned around 210 BC as the son of his father Bu.
But there is no clear date other than that he formed a rich hereditary succession in the Qin Shi Huang’s region.
However, according to 『Yeomcheolron』, the father actively moved to the Jin and one replacement period, and advanced to the loser (generally the Yalu River) and achieved a certain degree of territorial recovery.[6]
However, considering the area acquired in this way, it is said that it is 'the old land of Qin (秦故空地)', what means empty land, so it is not like the area where China has strict military rule.
Perhaps it seems that Jin just put a flag in an area beyond the control of the Chinese government during the turmoil that collapsed by rebellions across the country, but it seems that it formed an indirect governance structure by accepting Chinese exiles and living together, not direct rule.
Appear of Wiman
In 195 B.C., he made Wiman, who had been exiled from the land of the Yan Dynasty to protect the western frontier.
And soon, he gave him a government post, and 100 li(Ancient Korean ways to count land).
However, the image of 'Land of 100 Li' overlaps a lot with the land of the land of the princeland ('Land of 100 Li in all rooms') as mentioned in Mencius.
Perhaps they were trying to establish Western dominance by re-establishing some sort of lordship. For reference, there is no record of having a relationship with China, but it's a unique case considering that his father, the king, and Wiman later had diplomatic relations with China.
Of course, it may have been because of the above-mentioned prospect problem, or it is possible that the record is simply missing.
Wiman’s coup d'état
In 194 BC, Wiman rebelled and attacked Wnaggeomsong, Gojoseon’s capital.
At first, Wiman said 'Han dynasty is attacking Gojoseon' to Jun, and Jun believed him.
But it was not true. Wiman attacked Jun soon. Jun tried to protect the castle, but he couldn’t because most of the army helped Wiman, not Jun.
At last, Jun gave up and ran to south.[7]
Exile to Mahan
Wiman entered Gojoseon as a refugee, and submitted to King Jun. Jun granted Wiman's request to serve as a commander of the western borders. However, sometime around 194 BC or 193 BC, Wiman led a revolt, and followed Jun down into Mahan territory, which was situated in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula.
See also
References
- ^ Peterson & Margulies 2009, p. 6: "The term was used again by a refugee from the Han dynasty named Wiman, who about 200 B.C.E. set up a kingdom in Korea called Wiman Choson."
- ^ Cotterell 2011, Imperial Crisis: The Failure of the Later Han: "The earliest documented event in Korean history involves China. After an unsuccessful rising against the first Han emperor Gaozu, the defeated rebels sought refuge beyond the imperial frontier and one of them Wiman, took control of Choson, a Korean state in the north of the peninsula."
- ^ Kim 2012, p. 10: "For instance, Wiman, a refugee from the Yan dynasty, which then existed around present-day Beijing, led his band of more than 1,000 followers into exile in Old Chosŏn in the early second century bc."
- ^ Tennant 1996, p. 18: "Retaliation by the Han then brought in refugees from Yan, the most notable of whom was a war lord, Weiman ('Wiman'in Korean), who somewhere about 200 BC led his followers into the territory held by Choson."
- ^ Xu 2007, p. 220: "Here, Wiman was described as a "Gu Yanren 故燕人"or a person from former Yan. It is confusing because there were two Yans around this period. The first was the Yan state, which was one of the seven states during the Warring States period, and the second was the vassal state of Yan of the Han dynasty."
- ^ In Chinese : 大夫曰 往者 四夷俱强 幷爲寇虐. 朝鮮踰徼 劫燕之東地 東越越東海 略浙江之南 南越內侵 滑服令 ... (abstract) .... In English : Daebu said, "Last day, the barbarians on all sides became strong together, committing plunder and atrocities side by side. Joseon crossed the fortress and frightened the east of the kite, and Dongwol crossed the East Sea and plundered the south of Zhejiang. Namwol swelled and messed up Bok-ryeong. ... (abstract) ..."
- ^ In Chinese : 燕王盧綰反入<匈>奴 燕人魏滿亡命 聚黨千餘人 東走出塞 渡浿水 居秦故空地上下障 稍役屬眞番朝鮮蠻夷及故燕齊亡命者 王之 都王儉(李曰 地名 臣<瓚>曰 王儉城 在樂浪郡浿水之東) 以兵滅 侵降其旁小邑 眞番臨屯 皆來服屬 方數千里 傳子至孫右渠(師古曰 孫名右渠) 眞番辰國 欲上書見天子 雍閼不通(師古曰 辰謂辰韓也) 元封二年 漢使涉何諭右渠 終不肯奉詔 何去至界 臨浿水. In English : When Yanwang (燕王) Nogwan (盧綰) betrayed and entered Xiongnu (匈奴), Weiman (魏滿), a Yan (燕) nation, was exiled, and gathered a group of 1,000 people and fled over the fortress to the east, crossed the 浿水 (浿水) and lived in the long bird below Gradually, he subjugated the exiles of Jinbun (眞蕃) and Joseon (蠻夷) and the exiles of the old Yan (燕) and Je (齊), and became king (王儉) (李) was called the name, and Shinchan (臣瓚) said that Wanggeomseong (王 Bango (班固), 二十四史 - In the Joseon Dynasty
Bibliography
- Cotterell, Arthur (2011). Asia: A Concise History. Singapore: Wiley. ISBN 978-0470825044.
- Kim, Jinwung (2012). A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0253000248.
- Tennant, Roger (1996). History Of Korea. Routledge. ISBN 978-0710305329.
- Xu, Stella Yingzi (2007). That glorious ancient history of our nation. University of California, Los Angeles. ISBN 9780549440369.
- Peterson, Mark; Margulies, Phillip (2009). A Brief History of Korea. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4381-2738-5.