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Skyluck
History
Port of registry Panama
OrderedUnion Steam Ship Company
BuilderHenry Robb Ltd., Scotland
Laid down1951
Identification1179930
General characteristics
TypeFreighter
Tonnage3,500 tons

The Skyluck was a 3,500-ton Panamanian-registered freighter that carried a cargo of 3,300[citation needed] Chinese and Vietnamese boat people fleeing Vietnam four years after the fall of Saigon. The ship left Vietnam from the Mekong delta city of Bến Tre, on January 24 1979, and after a sea voyage entered Hong Kong harbour under the cover of darkness on 8 February 1979. It was discovered and ordered to set anchor by the Hong Kong Police. Thus, began a 4+1⁄2-month-long stalemate as the refugees waited on the ship for the Hong Kong government to decide their fate. The event turned into an international humanitarian incident, which was a symbol of a much larger problem: the estimated one million refugees who risked everything to flee Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam in the aftermath of the Vietnam War.

The "Boat People"

The end of the Vietnam War was marked by the capture of Saigon in April 1975, and over the next year, North and South Vietnam were merged to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. This started a period of extreme uncertainty for many South Vietnamese, Hoa, and those with ties to the former South Vietnamese government and military. The following years saw economic hardship, food shortages, and repression of the country’s ethnic Chinese who formed a considerable portion of the urban business class. Between 200,000-300,000 people were sent to ”re-education camps” where they endured hard labour, torture, and disease.[1][2][3] Under the New Economic Zones program, between 750,000-1,000,000 people were forced to relocate to northern, uninhabited forested areas, expected to clear jungle for agriculture, and their properties in the south confiscated, and redistributed by Communist authorities.[4][5] It was in this environment of hardship and repression that approximately two million South Vietnamese fled the country between 1975 and the mid-1990s.[6] The majority left in the late 1970s, with an estimated 800,000 fleeing by boat. Known as the “boat people”, they endured dehydration, starvation, pirate attacks, and drowning. It is estimated that one-third of those who attempted the sea journey, or between 200,000 to 400,000, perished.[7][8] The journey of the Skyluck occurred during the intensive late-1970s migration period of this 20-year refugee crisis. Of the estimated 800,000 boat people , approximately 230,000 (including 2,600 from the Skyluck), sought asylum in the former British colony of Hong Kong.[9]

Journey and Arrival in Hong Kong

In the early hours of Wednesday 7 February 1979, Skyluck arrived in the then-British colony of Hong Kong unannounced. Hong Kong police did not detect the ship as it entered the territorial waters, until it anchored in the middle of Victoria Harbour. The ship was surrounded by police launches and boarded in the morning hours. Engine parts were removed to prevent escape.

Upon interrogation, the Taiwanese captain claimed that on his way from Singapore, in the course of legitimate shipping activity, freighter had come across several fishing boats in danger of sinking in the high seas, and had decided to rescue the refugees.[citation needed]

In fact, the purpose of the Skyluck’s voyage was human trafficking of Vietnamese refugees. Approximately 3,300[citation needed] refugees had been shuttled in small boats from the city of Bến Tre, in early morning hours out to the waiting Skyluck. Most refugees had paid for passage in gold leaf or bars, in amounts that often represented life savings. Some signed over property to the local government, such as land, house, boat, and personal possessions, in exchange for passage. A few sneaked on-board without any payment at all.[citation needed] Initially, a roster of 900 refugees were to be picked up by the freighter. As the news leaked, thousands swarmed the boat and the refugee count swelled to more than 3,300. The freighter had to pull anchor, and as the freighter was dangerously overloaded, left behind a fleet of small fishing boats loaded with refugees trailing it. Many late arrivals could not get on-board and were left behind.

The gold payment, along with weapons including M-16 rifles to guard the gold, were delivered to the captain by the local smugglers[citation needed] The gold was never found on-board, and is thought to have been transferred to another boat during a rendezvous mid-voyage.

On January 31, 1979, the ship arrived at the Palawan Islands in the Philippines, and 600 refugees were allowed to get off.[citation needed]

Upon arriving in Hong Kong Harbour on February 7, the approximately 2,700 remaining refugees were not allowed to land; instead, the freighter was towed to the south coast of Lamma Island, several hundred yards off-shore. Refugees were confined to the ship for more than four months (until the freighter’s anchor chain was cut by refugees and the ship drifted aground on Lamma Island) while the Hong Kong government attempted to verify the refugee status of the passengers, and decide whether to allow them into the UNHCR-run refugee camps in the colony.

An act of desperation

The refugees waited aboard Skyluck in squalid conditions, although the Hong Kong government did provide basic necessities such as food and water. On Sunday, 11 March 1979, after 33 days of waiting, a group of about 100 refugees jumped overboard and started to swim the mile to shore. About fifty made it to Lamma Island, where they were promptly rounded up by police. Two were admitted to hospital and treated for exhaustion. While in custody, a group of young men unfurled a banner which read in English "Please Help Us", and tossed a message to the press through the wire fencing, which asked that the refugees be allowed to land. Those who didn't make it to shore were picked up by launches and returned to the freighter. Those reaching shore were also returned to the ship.

An end to the stalemate

On 29 June 1979, after 4+1⁄2 months of waiting, some of the Skyluck refugees cut the anchor chain. The ship drifted into the rocks at Lamma Island and began to sink. The refugees jumped into the water or climbed down the side of the vessel on rope ladders, then scrambled up the rocky shores of the island. By nightfall, about 2,000 people had been rounded up by police. Most, if not all, were taken into custody shortly thereafter. They ended up in the overcrowded camps already burgeoning with 10,000 refugees of the Vietnam War. Many ended up immigrating to the United States, Australia, Canada, United Kingdom or Germany, but had lengthy waits before being accepted.

See also

References

  • "Ship adds 3,000 to math of misery". Toronto Star. 7 February 1979.
  • "3,000 refugees still awaiting haven on shore". The Globe and Mail. 1 March 1979.
  • "Vietnamese refugees swim for Hong Kong". The Globe and Mail. 12 March 1979.
  • "Refugees storm ashore through sea blockade". Toronto Star. 30 June 1979.
  • Shultz, Corey. "Chinese Immigrants from Vietnam to Hong Kong". Asian Library. University of British Columbia. Archived from the original on 13 February 2002.
  1. ^ Porter, Gareth; Roberts, James (1 January 1988). Desbarats, Jacqueline; Jackson, Karl D. (eds.). "Creating a Bloodbath by Statistical Manipulation". Pacific Affairs. 61 (2): 303–10. doi:10.2307/2759306. JSTOR 2759306.
  2. ^ Metzner, Edward P. (2001). Reeducation in Postwar Vietnam: Personal Postscripts to Peace. Texas A&M University Press. p. xiii. ISBN 9781585441297. 250,000.
  3. ^ Sagan, Ginetta; Denney, Stephen (October–November 1982). "Re-education in Unliberated Vietnam: Loneliness, Suffering and Death". The Indochina Newsletter. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  4. ^ Desbarats, J. "Population Redistribution in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam" Population and Development Review, Vol 13, No 1, 1987, pp. 43-76. doi:10.2307/1972120
  5. ^ Jones, Gary. https://multimedia.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/3006757/skyluck/index.html Skyluck, the Ship That Smuggled 2,600 Boatpeople to Hong Kong - and Freedom, 2019. South China Morning Post; accessed 21 December 2023
  6. ^ McGreal, Chris. https://www.theguardian.com/global/2016/mar/20/vietnamese-boat-people-survivors-families Vietnamese Boat People: Living to Tell the Tale, March 2016. The Guardian; accessed 22 December 2023
  7. ^ https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/lastdays/firstdaysstoryproject/slideshow/boat-peoples-journey/ “First Days Story Project: Voices of the Vietnamese Refugee Experience”'. PBS; accessed 22 December 2023
  8. ^ Jones, Gary. https://multimedia.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/3006757/skyluck/index.html Skyluck, the Ship That Smuggled 2,600 Boatpeople to Hong Kong - and Freedom, 2019. South China Morning Post; accessed 21 December 2023
  9. ^ >https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CH8TwN81glY “Hong Kong’s Vietnamese refugee crisis remembered in the story of freighter Skyluck”, South China Morning Post, accessed 22 December 2023
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