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Houcaris

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Houcaris
Temporal range: Cambrian Series 2
Fossils of H. magnabasis (B)
and H. saron (D)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Order: †Radiodonta
Genus: †Houcaris
Wu, Fu, Ma, Lin, Sun, & Zhang, 2021
Type species
Houcaris saron
(Hou, Bergström, & Ahlberg, 1995)
Referred species
  • †Houcaris magnabasis (Pates, Daley, Edgecombe, Cong, & Lieberman, 2019)

Houcaris is a possibly paraphyletic radiodont genus, tentatively assigned to either Amplectobeluidae, Anomalocarididae or Tamisiocarididae, known from Cambrian Series 2 of China and the United States. It contains two species, Houcaris saron and Houcaris magnabasis, both of which were originally named as species of the related genus Anomalocaris.[1][2] The genus Houcaris was established for the two species in 2021 and honors Hou Xianguang, who had discovered and named the type species Anomalocaris saron in 1995 along with his colleagues Jan Bergström and Per E. Ahlberg.[3]

Species

Houcaris saron

  • Frontal appendage of H. saron
    Frontal appendage of H. saron
  • Outdated, chimeric reconstruction based on frontal appendage of H. saron and body of Innovatiocaris that is previously considered as whole body fossil of H. saron
    Outdated, chimeric reconstruction based on frontal appendage of H. saron and body of Innovatiocaris that is previously considered as whole body fossil of H. saron

H. saron, known from Maotianshan Shale in Yunnan, is first described in 1995 as Anomalocaris saron.[3] This species is only known from frontal appendages. There is a specimen (ELRC 20001) that is previously considered as whole body fossil of this species,[3] but later study shows that this specimen is not belonging to this species, and later given own genus Innovatiocaris.[4][5][6] Length of frontal appendage is up to at least 12 cm.[1] Sometimes considered to belong to family Anomalocarididae[7][8] or Amplectobeluidae.[9][10]

Houcaris magnabasis

  • Frontal appendage of H. magnabasis
    Frontal appendage of H. magnabasis

H. magnabasis, known from Pioche Shale and Pyramid shale in Nevada, is originally described as Anomalocaris cf. saron in 2003,[11] and later named as Anomalocaris magnabasis in 2019.[2] This species is only known from frontal appendages and some partial fossils of oral cone (mouthpart) and flaps.[2] Largest estimated length of frontal appendage is 17.5 cm.[2] Sometimes considered to belong to family Anomalocarididae[7][8] or Amplectobeluidae.[9][10]

References

  1. ^ a b Wu, Yu; Fu, Dongjing; Ma, Jiaxin; Lin, Weiliang; Sun, Ao; Zhang, Xingliang (2021). "Houcaris gen. nov. from the early Cambrian (Stage 3) Chengjiang Lagerstätte expanded the palaeogeographical distribution of tamisiocaridids (Panarthropoda: Radiodonta)". PalZ. 95 (2): 209–221. doi:10.1007/s12542-020-00545-4. ISSN 1867-6812. S2CID 235221043.
  2. ^ a b c d Pates, Stephen; Daley, Allison C.; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Cong, Peiyun; Lieberman, Bruce S. (2019). "Systematics, preservation and biogeography of radiodonts from the southern Great Basin, USA, during the upper Dyeran (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4)". Papers in Palaeontology. 7. Xi‐Guang Zhang (ed.): –2.1277. doi:10.1002/spp2.1277. ISSN 2056-2802. S2CID 204260554.
  3. ^ a b c Hou, Xian-Guang; Bergström, Jan; Ahlberg, Per (1995). "Anomalocaris and other large animals in the lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna of southwest China". GFF. 117 (3): 163–183. doi:10.1080/11035899509546213. ISSN 1103-5897.
  4. ^ Zeng, Han; Zhao, Fangchen; Niu, Kecheng; Zhu, Maoyan; Huang, Diying (2020). "An early Cambrian euarthropod with radiodont-like raptorial appendages". Nature. 588 (7836): 101–105. Bibcode:2020Natur.588..101Z. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2883-7. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 33149303. S2CID 226248177.
  5. ^ Moysiuk, Joseph; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2021). "Exceptional multifunctionality in the feeding apparatus of a mid-Cambrian radiodont". Paleobiology. 47 (4): 704–724. doi:10.1017/pab.2021.19. ISSN 0094-8373. S2CID 236552819.
  6. ^ Zeng, Han; Zhao, Fangchen; Zhu, Maoyan (2022-09-07). "Innovatiocaris, a complete radiodont from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte and its implications for the phylogeny of Radiodonta". Journal of the Geological Society. 180. doi:10.1144/jgs2021-164. ISSN 0016-7649. S2CID 252147346.
  7. ^ a b Van Roy, Peter; Daley, Allison C.; Briggs, Derek E. G. (2015). "Anomalocaridid trunk limb homology revealed by a giant filter-feeder with paired flaps". Nature. 522 (7554): 77–80. Bibcode:2015Natur.522...77V. doi:10.1038/nature14256. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 25762145. S2CID 205242881.
  8. ^ a b Liu, Jianni; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Steiner, Michael; Dunlop, Jason A; Shu, Degan; Paterson, John R (2018-11-01). "Origin of raptorial feeding in juvenile euarthropods revealed by a Cambrian radiodontan". National Science Review. 5 (6): 863–869. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwy057. ISSN 2095-5138.
  9. ^ a b Vinther, Jakob; Stein, Martin; Longrich, Nicholas R.; Harper, David A. T. (2014). "A suspension-feeding anomalocarid from the Early Cambrian". Nature. 507 (7493): 496–499. Bibcode:2014Natur.507..496V. doi:10.1038/nature13010. hdl:1983/88f89453-e81f-4767-a74d-1794c33e6b34. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 24670770. S2CID 205237459.
  10. ^ a b Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Pates, Stephen (2018-09-14). "New suspension-feeding radiodont suggests evolution of microplanktivory in Cambrian macronekton". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 3774. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.3774L. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06229-7. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 6138677. PMID 30218075.
  11. ^ Lieberman, Bruce S. (2003). "A new soft-bodied fauna: The Pioche Formation of Nevada". Journal of Paleontology. 77 (4): 674–690. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2003)077<0674:ANSFTP>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0022-3360.


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