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Wicket-keeper

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Wicket-keeper in characteristic full squatting position, facing a delivery from a slow pace or spin bowler
Wicket-keeper in characteristic partial squatting position (together with slip fielders), facing a delivery from a fast bowler.

The wicket-keeper in the sport of cricket is the player on the fielding side who stands behind the wicket or stumps being watchful of the batsman and ready to take a catch, stump the batsman out and run out a batsman when occasion arises. The wicket-keeper is the only member of the fielding side permitted to wear gloves and external leg guards.[1] The role of the keeper is governed by Law 27 and of the Laws of Cricket.[1]

Adam Gilchrist of Australia standing up to the stumps against England during the fourth test of the 2005 Ashes series in England.

Stance

Initially, during the bowling of the ball the wicket-keeper crouches in a full squatting position but partly stands up as the ball is received. Australian wicket-keeper Sammy Carter (1878 to 1948) was the first to squat on his haunches rather than bend over from the waist (stooping).[2]

Purposes

The keeper's major function is to stop deliveries that pass the batsman (in order to prevent runs being scored as 'byes'), but he can also attempt to dismiss the batsman in various ways:

  • The most common dismissal effected by the keeper is for him to catch a ball that has nicked the batsman's bat, called an edge, before it bounces. Sometimes the keeper is also in the best position to catch a ball that has been hit high in the air. More catches are taken by wicket-keepers than by any other fielding position.
  • The keeper can stump the batsman by using the ball to remove the bails from the stumps, if the batsman is out of his crease after a delivery has passed the stumps into the keeper's hands. The keeper must then dislodge the bail(s) and the batsman is out if he is still outside the crease.
  • When the ball is hit into the outfield, the keeper moves close to the stumps to catch the return throw from a fielder and, if possible, to run out a batsman by collecting the ball in his gloves and putting down the wicket.
  • If the batter & non-striker attempt to run a bye following the batsman missing or not playing a shot the wicket-keeper can throw the ball at the stumps after he catches the delivery. In outfield cricket, it is a rare play due to the high chance of the non-striker being put out, but when it happens it is usually an important moment where the batting team is trying to desperately score a run to win or tie a game or to get the stronger batter in a partnership on strike so they can bat instead. This play is common during indoor cricket games due to the shorter distance the non-striker has to run and penalty for a wicket being runs, not the loss of the batter themselves. It is common for indoor cricket wicket-keepers to only wear a single glove in order to make throws to the non-striker's end easier to hit with.
  • The only example of the obstructing the field dismissal in Test cricket came from a batter attempting to hit the ball away from a catch being taken by the wicket-keeper.

A keeper's position depends on the bowler: for fast bowling he will squat some distance from the stumps, in order to have time to react to edges from the batsman, while for slower bowling, he will come much nearer to the stumps (known as "standing up"), to pressure the batsman into remaining within the crease or risk being stumped. The more skilled the keeper, the faster the bowling to which he is able to "stand up", for instance Godfrey Evans often stood up to Alec Bedser.[3]

Like the other players on a cricket team the keepers will bat during the team's batting innings. At elite levels, wicket-keepers are generally expected to be proficient batters averaging considerably more than specialist bowlers. This wicket-keeper-batsman form became popular in the 1990s as the Australian national team saw success when elevating Adam Gilchrist to the team after the retirement of Ian Healy. Healy averaged 27.39 and 4,356 runs total from his 119 Test matches, and is viewed as a specialist wicket-keeper who had improved his marginally effective batting toward the end of his career. Gilchrist on the other hand was a dominating, powerful batsman from the start, playing 96 Test matches with a 47.60 average with 5,570 total runs despite playing 23 less matches. Gilchrist's success effectively forced the specialist wicket-keeper into extinction at the top levels of the sport as teams could no long afford to pick a mediocre or poor batsman in the position as long as the player who was chosen could perform up to basic standards of the wicket-keeper position when fielding.

Wicket keeping gloves along with the inner gloves
A pair of wicket-keeping gloves. The webbing which helps the keeper to catch the ball can be seen between the thumb and index fingers.

Law 27.2, which deals with the specifications for wicketkeepers' gloves, states that:

  • If ... the wicket-keeper wears gloves, they shall have no webbing between the fingers except joining index finger and thumb, where webbing may be inserted as a means of support.
  • If used, the webbing shall be a single piece of non-stretch material which, although it may have facing material attached, shall have no reinforcements or tucks.
  • The top edge of the webbing shall not protrude beyond the straight line joining the top of the index finger to the top of the thumb and shall be taut when a hand wearing the glove has the thumb fully extended.[1]

Substitutes

Substitutes were previously not allowed to keep wicket, but this restriction was lifted in the 2017 edition of the Laws of Cricket.

This rule was sometimes suspended, by agreement with the captain of the batting side. For example, during the England–New Zealand Test match at Lord's in 1986, England's specialist keeper, Bruce French, was injured while batting during England's first innings. England then used four keepers in New Zealand's first innings: Bill Athey kept for the first two overs; 45-year-old veteran Bob Taylor was pulled out of the sponsor's tent to keep for overs 3 to 76; Bobby Parks, the Hampshire keeper, was called up for overs 77 to 140; and Bruce French kept wicket for the final ball of the innings.[4]

Arthur Jones was the first substitute to keep wicket in a Test match, when he did so against Australia at The Oval in 1905.[5] Virat Kohli once happened to substitute MS Dhoni, as the latter had to attend for his nature's call. This incident happened in 2015 during India vs Bangladesh ODI match.[6]

Playing without a wicket-keeper

There is no rule stating a team must play a wicket-keeper.[7] On 5 June 2015 during a T20 Blast game between the Worcestershire Rapids and the Northamptonshire Steelbacks, Worcestershire chose not to play a wicket-keeper in the 16th over of the match.[8] Their keeper, Ben Cox, became an extra fielder at fly slip while spinner Moeen Ali bowled.[8] The umpires consulted with each other and agreed that there was nothing in the rules to prevent it from happening.[9]

Leading international wicket-keepers

Test

The following are the top 10 wicket-keepers by total dismissals in Test cricket.[10]

Leading Test match wicket-keepers by dismissals1
Rank Name Country Matches Caught Stumped Total dismissals
1 Mark Boucher  South Africa 147 532 23 555
2 Adam Gilchrist  Australia 96 379 37 416
3 Ian Healy  Australia 119 366 29 395
4 Rod Marsh  Australia 96 343 12 355
5 MS Dhoni  India 90 256 38 294
6 Brad Haddin  Australia 66 262 8 270
Jeff Dujon  West Indies 81 265 5 270
8 Alan Knott  England 95 250 19 269
9 BJ Watling  New Zealand 73 249 8 257
10 Matt Prior  England 79 243 13 256
Statistics are correct as of 13 August 2018
  • Bold indicates current player
  • Matches is the total number of Tests played, which is not necessarily the number of matches keeping wicket.
  • Some of the players listed have additional catches in games they have played as a normal fielder.

ODI

The following are the top wicket-keepers by total dismissals in one day cricket.[11]

Leading one-day wicket-keepers by dismissals
Rank Name Country Matches Caught Stumped Total dismissals
1 Kumar Sangakkara  Sri Lanka 353 383 99 482
2 Adam Gilchrist  Australia 287 417 55 472
3 MS Dhoni  India 341 321 123 444
4 Mark Boucher  South Africa 295 403 22 424
5 Moin Khan  Pakistan 219 214 73 287
6 Brendon McCullum  New Zealand 260 227 15 242
7 Ian Healy  Australia 168 194 39 233
8 Rashid Latif  Pakistan 166 182 38 220
9 Mushfiqur Rahim  Bangladesh 205 169 42 211
10 Romesh Kaluwitharana  Sri Lanka 189 131 75 206

Statistics are correct as of 23 September 2019

  • Bold indicates current player
  • Matches is the total number of ODIs played, which is not necessarily the number of matches keeping wicket.
  • A number of the players listed have additional catches in games they have played as a normal fielder.

T20I

The following are the top 10 wicket-keepers by total dismissals in Twenty20 International cricket.[12]

Leading T20I wicket-keepers by dismissals
Rank Name Country Matches Caught Stumped Total dismissals
1 MS Dhoni  India 98 57 34 91
2 Kamran Akmal  Pakistan 58 28 32 60
3 Denesh Ramdin  West Indies 68 38 20 58
4 Mushfiqur Rahim  Bangladesh 81 30 28 58
5 Mohammad Shahzad  Afghanistan 65 26 28 54
6 Quinton de Kock  South Africa 38 36 10 46
7 Kumar Sangakkara  Sri Lanka 56 25 20 45
8 Sarfaraz Ahmed  Pakistan 55 34 10 44
9 Brendon McCullum  New Zealand 71 24 8 32
10 Luke Ronchi  New Zealand 33 24 6 30

Statistics are correct as of 23 September 2019

  • Bold indicates current player
  • Matches is the total number of T20Is played, which is not necessarily the number of matches keeping wicket.
  • A number of the players listed have additional catches in games they have played as a normal fielder.

See also

Bibliography

References

  1. ^ a b c "Law 27 – The wicket-keeper". MCC. Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  2. ^ The Oxford Companion to Australian Cricket, Oxford, Melbourne, 1996, p. 100.
  3. ^ "Godfrey Evans". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
  4. ^ "England v New Zealand 1986". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 20 May 2012.
  5. ^ "The limpet". ESPNcricinfo. 29 July 2008. Archived from the original on 18 August 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  6. ^ "When Kohli Replaced Dhoni as Wicketkeeper for One Over". www.news18.com. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  7. ^ "NatWest T20 Blast video: Worcestershire wicketkeeper Daryl Mitchell moves to outfield". Fox Sports. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  8. ^ a b "English county side creates controversy by having no wicket-keeper behind the stumps". sportskeeda. Archived from the original on 8 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  9. ^ "Worcestershire ditch keeper as Dhoni gives idea for controversial ploy". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  10. ^ "Wicketkeeping Records most Test Match dismissals in a career". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  11. ^ "Wicketkeeping Records most ODI dismissals in a career". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  12. ^ "Wicketkeeping Records most T20I Match dismissals in a career". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
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