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Daehancheolligyo
Hangul
대한천리교
Hanja
Revised RomanizationDaehan Cheolligyo
McCune–ReischauerTaehan Ch'ŏlligyo

Daehan Cheolligyo (Korean: 대한천리교) is a Tenrikyo-based Shinshūkyō (Japanese new religion) that is based in South Korea. It is one of the two South Korean Tenrikyo organizations. Daehan Cheolligyo is known for adopting more localized customs to harmonize with the general post-Japanese colonial cultural atmosphere; the other one is Cheolligyo Han'gukgyodan that still preserves the Japanese Sect Shinto-affiliated cultural aspects in terms of religious practices and direct affiliation with the Tenrikyo Church Headquarters. Its headquarters are currently located in southern Uijeongbu right next to Mangwolsa Station of Seoul Subway Line 1 and Shinhan University [ko]'s 2nd campus.[n 1]

History

Former headquarters of Daehan Cheolligyo, currently serving as Saebitgwan of Sookmyung Women's University[n 2]

The Korean branch of Tenrikyo had to face the public backlashes of anti-Japanese sentiment after the surrender of Japan due to Tenrikyo being a religion of native Japanese origin. This nation-wide circumstance had created an environment in which the Korean Tenrikyo adherents could not practice their religion openly in public.

The first attempt to make an autonomous and indigenous Korean Tenrikyo organization was led by Kim Gi-su (김기수; 金杞洙) in May 1947 who founded the General Association of Tenrikyo (천리교연합회; 天理敎聯合會) that did not exist as an officially approved legal corporation.[3] The disorganized social and political situation in South Korea at the time did not unite Tenrikyo followers instantly. The collective hardship continued even further due to the growth of Christianity in South Korea. Another group of Korean Tenrikyo adherents reformed their religion and eventually established Cheon'gyeongsuyang'won [n 3] with government approval in Seoul in 1948 as a way to cut down the overt Japanese connection within Korea's Tenrikyo communities, then evolved to General Association of Korean Tenrikyo (대한천리교연합회; 大韓天理敎聯合會) on 14 December 1952 by the thirty-three members of Cheon'gyeongsuyang'won in Daegu during the Korean War.[5]

The financial and charity arm of the religious organization, Incorporated Foundation Daehan Cheolligyodan, was established on 14 October 1963.[6]

The headquarters were moved from Cheongpa-dong in Yongsan District to Uijeongbu around late 2000s and early 2010s[n 4] for the purpose of future exchanges with North Korea.[9]

Organization

Organizational structure of Daehan Cheolligyo.[10]

The head of Daehan Cheolligyo is called gyotong (교통; 敎統), a subordinate of the gyotong is called gyoui (교의; 敎議),[n 5] and its congregations are called gyohoe (교회; 敎會) or churches in Korean.

Difference from Tenrikyo

Daehan Cheolligyo does not largely develop an independent path from Tenrikyo's regional church practices in Japan, but only Korean-ized or removed the verbose Shinto-based elements in the religious practices. Unlike its Japanese origin, Daehan Cheolligyo's adherents directly pray to the wooden kanrodai fixtures (while the one in the headquarters in Uijeongbu is much bigger) that are installed within the main halls of respective churches instead of mirrors from Shinto traditions during the localized services appropriate for the Korean social environment.[11][12][13]

Notes

  1. ^ Its current address is 117 Hoam-ro, Uijeongbu, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. The modernized traditional Korean style building of the headquarters is often confused as the temple Mangweolsa [ko].[1]
  2. ^ The last photo in this news article[2] entails that this building was renovated after the acquisition by the university.
  3. ^ Cheon'gyeongsuyang'won (천경수양원; 天鏡修養院) literally means Heavenly Mirror Spiritual Training Center in Sino-Korean. This legally approved organization acted as a mere entity for maintaining communication and fostering fraternity among Korean Tenrikyo adherents for the purpose of reestablishing Tenrikyo as a legal organization; however, promoted charity for the poor and orphans in public.[4]
  4. ^ The headquarters that is used to be in Cheongpa-dong currently stands Sookmyung Women's University's Saebitgwan since March 2011.[7][8]
  5. ^ Gyoui is also homophone of Tenikyo doctrine in Korean, gyoui (교의; 敎義)

Further reading

  • Lee (이), Won-beom (원범); Nam (남), Chun-mo (춘모); Cho (조), Seong-yun (성윤); Hwang (황), In-gyu (인규); Park (박), Seung-gil (승길) (2006-03-06). "III-1. 천리교(天理敎)". 한일종교의 상호 수용실태에 관한 조사 [Study on mutual acceptance of religions between Korea and Japan] (Report). Korea Research Memory. pp. 41–101.

References

  1. ^ Shin (신), Jun-seop (준섭); Ahn (안), Yeong-jun (영준); Lee (이), Ha-yeon (하연) (2023-05-11). ""망월사역인데 망월사는 대체 어디 있나요?"" ["Arrived at Mangwolsa Station, but where in the world is Mangwolsa Temple?"]. Kkobi News (in Korean).
  2. ^ Jeon (전), Jeong-hui (정희) (2007-02-27). "천리교, 왜색종교 반감 불구 발전 거듭" [Cheolligyo (Tenrikyo), still innovating despite the aversion towards Japanese style religions]. Amen News (in Korean).
  3. ^ Jang (장), Jeong-tae (정태) (2022-02-06). "장정태 박사의 한국종교학●한반도에 천리교 전래와 전개③" [Dr. Jang Jeong-tae's Korean Religious Studies - The Propagation of Tenrikyo in the Korean Peninsula and its Development ③]. CRS News (in Korean). 이와중에 1947년 5월에 김기수를 발기인으로 한 비공인 '천리교연합회'가 서울에서 결성, [During the time, the unofficially approved General Association of Tenrikyo was formed with Kim Gi-su as the initiator in May 1947]
  4. ^ Study on mutual acceptance of religions between Korea and Japan, Pg. 56-60, 2. 한국에서의 천리교 역사 > (2) 해방 이후 천리교의 재건과 분열 [2. History of Tenrikyo within Korea > (2) The Reconstruction and the Division of Tenrikyo after the Liberation of Korea]
  5. ^ Lee (이), Si-jung (시중) (March 2021). "천리교, 한국에서 전개과정 11" [Tenrikyo, spreading to Korea Chapter 11]. 천리교 고성교회 교회보 (Tenrikyo Goseong Church's Church News) (in Korean). Goseong County: 천리교 고성교회 (Tenrikyo Goseong Church). p. 24.
  6. ^ Kim (김), Hyeon-tae (현태) (2015-12-22). "한국종교협의회·대한천리교단, 종교평화운동 공조하기로 협약" [Korea Religions Association & Daehan Cheolligyodan to Agree to Co-operate in Religion-inspired Peace Movement]. Segye Ilbo (in Korean). 대한천리교는 나카야마 미키(1798~1887)가 1838년에 창시했으며, 1893년 부산에서 포교를 시작한 이래 1963년 10월14일 재단법인 대한천리교단 인가 취득 후 현재에 이르고 있다. [Daehan Cheolligyo was founded by Nakayama Miki (1798-1887) in 1838, started conducting (its first Korean) missionary activities in Busan and the Incorporated Foundation Daehan Cheolligyodan was established on 14 October 1963 and continues on to this day.]
  7. ^ Kim (김), Seong-mi (성미) (2008-11-24). "한국의 종교현황 조사 연구 용역" [Research Service on the Survey of the Current Situation of Religions in Korea]. Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (in Korean). 대한천리교본부; 140-131 서울시 용산구 청파동 1가 121-3호 [Daehan Cheolligyo Headquarters; 121-No.3 Cheongpa-dong 1-ga Yongsan-gu Seoul (currently 90, Cheongpa-ro 47na-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea)]
  8. ^ "숙명여자대학교 공식 웹사이트 > 숙명 현황 > 대학 요람 > 총람" [Sookmyung Women's University Official Website > Current Situation in Sookmyung > University at a Glance > Overall Profile]. Sookmyung Women's University (in Korean). 2011년 3월 새빛관 2,270.2㎡(687평) RENOVATION을 완료하다. [The renovation of Saebitgwan that occupies 2,270.2㎡ of land was completed in March 2011. (Saebitgwan is also 90, Cheongpa-ro 47na-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea)]
  9. ^ ""남을 도우면 내 몸이 도움을 받습니다"" ["Helping Others Entails That My Body Is Being Provided With Help"]. Northen Gyeonggi Newspaper (북경기신문) (in Korean). 2012-07-22.
  10. ^ "대한천리교 본부 > 조직도" [Daehan Cheolligyo Headquarters > Organizational Chart]. Daehan Cheolligyo Official Website (in Korean).
  11. ^ Lee (이), Geon-jae (건재) (2015-04-28). "천리교, "신은 즐겁고 행복한 세상에서의 삶 원해'" [Tenrikyo 'God wants Life in a joyful and happy World']. Segye Ilbo (in Korean). 일본의 천리교가 일본의 전통 종교나 다름없는 신도의 상징물인 신경(神鏡)을 예배대상으로 삼은 것에 반발해 국내 천리교는 1985년부터 '신경' 대신 '감로대'로 신앙대상을 바꾸는 등 일본의 천리교의 전통과 사상을 달리해 왔다. [The main object of worship is considered to be a divine mirror (神鏡, shinkyou) in Japan's Tenrikyo, in which it is nevertheless not that distant from the Japanese traditional belief called Shinto that became a target for objection (by the Korean Tenrikyo adherents at that time). It is thus, Korea's domestic Tenrikyo religious scene switched the object of worship from a divine mirror to kanrodai in 1985, marking a divergence from Tenrikyo's traditions and beliefs.]
  12. ^ Neusner, Jacob (2009-10-07). World Religions in America, Fourth Edition: An Introduction. Louisville, Kentucky: Presbyterian Publishing Corporation. p. 215. ISBN 978-1611640472. This altar contains no images, for divinity in the Tenrikyo and Shinto tradiition generallly does not take human form. Instead there are three simple cabinetlike shrines. When they stand open for worship, they reveal the gleaming mirrors that in Japan betoken the presence of kami (gods).
  13. ^ Gil-myeong (길명), Roh (노) (1987-12-20). "[한국의신흥종교] 20.일본의 신흥종교" [[South Korea's New Religions] 20. Japan's New Religions]. Catholic Times (in Korean). 천리교에서는 예배상징물로서 일본 천황의 선조인 천조대신(天照大神)을 상징하는「야다노가가미」를 상징하는 신각(神閣)과 신(神)을 상징하는 [탑]을 뜻하는 감대로(甘露臺)를 두고 있는데 최근에는 일본의 국조를 모시는 신각의 사용여부를 놓고 심각한 내부갈등을 일으키키도 하였다. [In Tenrikyo, the object of worship is the divine altar that symbolizes Yata no Kagami, the representation of the ancestor of the Japanese emperors, Amaterasu and the kanrodai that symbolizes God the Parent, but recently there were internal disputes on whether the divine altar would be continued as an object of worship.]
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