505th Infantry Regiment (United States)
| 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment | |
|---|---|
 505th PIR crest | |
| Active | 1942–present |
| Country | USA |
| Branch | Army |
| Type | Parachute Infantry |
| Motto(s) | H-Minus |
| Engagements | World War II * Operation Husky * Operation Avalanche * Operation Neptune * Operation Market Garden * Battle of the Bulge Vietnam War Operation Urgent Fury Operation Just Cause Operation Desert Storm Operation Restore Hope Operation Enduring Freedom Operation Iraqi Freedom |
| Commanders | |
| Current commander | Col. Bryan R. Owens |
| Notable commanders | James M. Gavin |
The 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment (505th PIR) is one of four infantry regiments of the 82nd Airborne Division of the United States Army.[1]
Activated in 1942, the regiment participated in the campaigns of Sicily, Salerrno and the Battle of the Bulge during WWII. During the 1960s, the 505th one of the units who played a role in Operation Power Pack in the Dominican Republic and later assisted local authorities during the civil disturbances which occurred within the United States. The regiment was sent to the Republic of Vietnam in 1968 during the Vietnam War.
After the Vietnam War the 505th participated in various military operations. Among them Operation Just Cause, Operation Desert Shield, Operation Restore Hope and Operation Enduring Freedom.
The regiments most recent engagement has been in Operation Iraqi Freedom.
Unit History
Activation
The regiment was activated at Fort Benning, Georgia on July 6, 1942, as part of the US Airborne Command based at Ft. Bragg.[2] In 1943, the 505th was assigned to the 82nd Airborne Division. Of note, the first colonel of the regiment was James Gavin, later commander of the 82nd Airborne division for much of World War II.
World War II
In preparation for the invasion of Sicily, the regiment was moved to Tunisia, in North Africa, where they completed six weeks of training.[3] The regiment made a combat jump into Sicily, which was the first regimental sized combat jump in history.[4] The unit then returned to North Africa for refit before participating in the assault on Salerno, where they made their second combat jump.
In the American airborne landings in Normandy, the 505th actually jumped before its scheduled "h-hour", thus earning their motto "H-minus".[5] Upon completing operations in the Ste. Mere-Eglise area, the unit was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation.[6] In September 1944, the unit then participated in Operation Market Garden,[7] in which the regiment received a second Presidential Unit Citation.[8] The regiment was then caught in the Battle of the Bulge, which was their last major engagement of the war. By the end of the war, the 505th was awarded two Distinguished Unit Citations, the French Forragere, the Netherlands Military Order of William, and the Belgium Forragere.[9]
Following the German surrender, the regiment served as part of the Allied occupation force in Berlin.
Post World War II
After World War II, the 505th returned to Fort Bragg, North Carolina. In 1947 the separate 555th Parachute Infantry Battalion, the Army's only all-black Airborne unit, was merged into the 82nd when it was reflagged as the 3rd Battalion, 505 PIR. In June 1957, the regiment was reorganized and redesignated as the 505th Infantry and relieved from assignment to the 82nd Airborne Division. This marked the end of the era of infantry regiments as tactical units and the beginning of the Pentomic era, in which regimental numbers were used for the purpose of perpetuating lineages and honors.
Effective 1 September 1957 the lineage of Company A, 505 PIR was reorganized and redesignated as HHC, 1st Airborne Battle Group, 505th Infantry, and remained assigned to the 82nd Airborne Division (organic elements concurrently constituted and activated). It was relieved on 15 January 1959 from assignment to the 82nd Airborne Division and assigned to the 8th Infantry Division in Germany as part of a rotation that saw both 1-505th and 1-504th depart the 82nd. When the Pentomic era ended, 1-504th and 1-505th were reflagged respectively as 1st and 2nd Battalions (Airborne), 509th Infantry, elements of the 1st Brigade (Airborne), 8th Infantry Division on 1 April 1963. The colors of 1-505th returned to the 82nd, where they were reorganized and redesignated on 25 May 1964 as the 1st Battalion (Airborne), 505th Infantry, an element of the 3rd Brigade.
On April 30, 1965, the 3rd Brigade was alerted for combat as part of "Operation Power Pack", the defense of the Dominican Republic against communist insurgents. Within 18 hours, the first C-130 landed at San Isidro Airfield, Dominican Republic. After two months of bitter fighting, the 3rd Brigade returned to Fort Bragg, North Carolina.[10]
On July 24 1967, the 3d Brigade deployed to Detroit, Michigan to assist local authorities in quelling a civil disturbance.
Vietnam War
Less than a year later, on February 12 1968, the 3rd Brigade was alerted for deployment to the Republic of Vietnam in response to the Tet Offensive. Many members of the 3rd Brigade had recently returned from Vietnam and were not required, by the Army's own regulations, to return so soon if they did not wish to do so. About two-thirds of those eligible accepted transfers out of the brigade, which was largely back-filled and sent to Vietnam with non-Airborne-qualified personnel. In reality, the brigade sent to Vietnam was light infantry and Airborne in name only.
The infantry battalions assigned to the 3rd Brigade during its Viet Nam tour were 1-505th, 2-505th, and 1-508th.
After 22 months of fighting, the Brigade had helped secure the region south of the DMZ and redeployed to Fort Bragg, North Carolina in December 1969, the only brigade of the 82d Airborne Division to participate in the Vietnam conflict.[11]
Post-Vietnam
Following its return from Viet Nam, the 3rd Brigade against participated in controlling civil disturbances, deploying to Washington, DC, in May 1971 to help local and federal officials in their efforts to keep demonstrators from disrupting the daily operations of the government. In August 1980, the brigade's 1st Battalion (Airborne), 505th Infantry was alerted and deployed to conduct civil disturbance duty at Fort Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania during the Cuban refugee internment.[12]
The 1st Battalion (Airborne), 505th Infantry deployed to the Middle East in March 1982 as the first United States member of the multi-National Forces and Observers (MFO) rotation in the Sinai. 1-505 returned home in August 1982 from the most important peacekeeping mission in history.[13]
In October 1983, the 3d Brigade deployed to the country of Grenada to evacuate US citizens and establish a US-aligned government during Operation Urgent Fury.[14] In December 1989, Company A, 3rd Battalion (Airborne), 505th Infantry participated in Operation Just Cause and assisted in overthrowing Manuel Noriega as the leader of Panama. This marked the first combat jump for the 505th since World War II.[15]
In August 1990, the 505th was airlifted to Saudi Arabia as a part of Operation Desert Shield The ground phase of operation Desert Storm began February 25, 1991 and saw the Brigade move north to conduct combat operations through the Euphrates River Valley. After eight months, the Brigade had helped secure U.S. objectives and redeployed to Fort Bragg in April 1991.[16]
In March 1994 the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment was tasked to serve as part of the Multi-National Forces and observers in the Sinai Peninsula. TF 4-505th, bearing the lineage of the WW II-era Company D, 505PIR, was activated on November 4, 1994 and was made up of 88% National Guard and Reserve soldiers from 32 different states as well as 12% active duty soldiers. The 4-505th deployed to the Sinai from January 1995 through July 1995.[17]
In September 1994, the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment along with the rest of the 82d Airborne Division was alerted as part of Operation Restore Democracy. The 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment was scheduled to make combat parachute jumps, supposedly in order to help oust the military-led dictatorship and restore the democratically-elected president, although Haiti had never had democracy in any form. The 82d's first wave was in the air, with the 505th loaded on aircraft awaiting takeoff when the Haitian military dictators, upon learning the 82d was on the way, agreed to step down and averted the invasions.[18]
In December 1994, the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment participated in Operation Restore Hope. The 2d Battalion, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment departed Fort Bragg for Panama in order to restore order against the upsurge of the Cuban refugees. The Battalion participated in the safegurading of the Cuban Refugees and the active patrolling in and around the refugee camps.[19]
From July 2002 to January 2003, the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment deployed to Afghanistan for Operation Enduring Freedom. From August 2003 to April 2004, the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment again deployed as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom.[20] The regiment has recently helped perform security operations in New Orleans in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.[21] They are currently in Iraq serving a fifteen-month deployment.[citation needed]
Distinctive Unit Insignia
The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 505th Airborne Infantry Regiment on 24 January 1952. It was redesignated for the 505th Infantry on 20 May 1958.[22]
The 505th PIR distinctive unit crest is, according to the U.S Army Institute of Heraldry
"A Silver color metal and enamel device 1 5/16 inches (3.33 cm) in height overall, consisting of a shield blazoned: Argent, four bendlets Azure surmounted by a winged Black panther salient inverted Proper, that part on the bendlets fimbriated of the first. On a wreath Argent and Azure, a winged arrowhead point down Gules, in front of a cloud Proper. Attached below the shield a Blue scroll turned Silver and inscribed "H-MINUS" in Silver."[23]
The colors blue and white are used to symbolize Infantry. The black panther symbolizes stealth, speed and courage, all characteristics of a good parachutist. The wings are added to represent entry into combat via air, and the bendlets symbolize the unit's parachute drops into combat. The winged red arrowhead is used to represent the regiment's first combat attack in Sicily during World War II.[24]
The official insignia is in fact not the insignia first designed by the men of the unit, which was simply a black panther on a shield, with the original motto, "Ready" inscribed below it. Unfortunately, the Institute of Heraldry refused to approve the crest known by the men of the WWII 505th and replaced it with the above-referenced insignia.
References
- ^ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/82abn-3bde.htm
- ^ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/82abn-3bde.htm
- ^ http://www.bragg.army.mil/afvc-c/1-505/1505pir.htm
- ^ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/82abn-3bde.htm
- ^ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/82abn-3bde.htm
- ^ http://www.ww2-airborne.us/units/505/505.html
- ^ http://www.ww2-airborne.us/units/505/505.html
- ^ http://www.ww2-airborne.us/units/505/505.html
- ^ http://www.ww2-airborne.us/units/505/505.html
- ^ http://www.bragg.army.mil/afvc-c/History.htm
- ^ http://www.bragg.army.mil/afvc-c/History.htm
- ^ http://www.bragg.army.mil/afvc-c/History.htm
- ^ http://www.bragg.army.mil/afvc-c/History.htm
- ^ http://www.bragg.army.mil/afvc-c/History.htm
- ^ http://www.bragg.army.mil/afvc-c/History.htm
- ^ http://www.bragg.army.mil/afvc-c/History.htm
- ^ http://www.bragg.army.mil/afvc-c/History.htm
- ^ http://www.bragg.army.mil/afvc-c/History.htm
- ^ http://www.bragg.army.mil/afvc-c/History.htm
- ^ http://www.bragg.army.mil/afvc-c/History.htm
- ^ http://www.bragg.army.mil/afvc-c/
- ^ http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Inf/505th%20Infantry%20Regiment.htm
- ^ http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Inf/505th%20Infantry%20Regiment.htm
- ^ http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Inf/505th%20Infantry%20Regiment.htm