Chevrolet Aveo (T200)

Daewoo Kalos
Overview
Manufacturer	GM Daewoo
Production	2003-present
Assembly	Bupyong, South Korea Warsaw, Poland
Body and chassis
Class	Subcompact
Body style	3-door hatchback 5-door hatchback 4-door sedan
Layout	FF layout
Powertrain
Transmission	4-speed automatic 5-speed manual
Chronology
Predecessor	Daewoo Lanos Chevrolet Metro Pontiac Firefly Holden Barina

The Daewoo Kalos is a subcompact automobile manufactured by GM Daewoo, a South Korean subsidiary of General Motors, introduced in 2002 and now marketed globally in 120 countries under several nameplates, but prominently as the Chevrolet Aveo. The name "Kalos" is the Greek word kalos (καλός) for "beautiful".

The nomenclature of the two generations of the Kalos, T200 and T250, derive from the internal coding used by first Daewoo and then GM Daewoo, during the car's development. Both generations are built on a dedicated platform shared with no other vehicles. Both Kalos vehicles have evolved through two generations with three body and five engine configurations.

First generation (T200)

First Generation (T200)
Overview
Also called	Chevrolet Aveo Chevrolet Kalos Holden Barina (TK) Pontiac Wave Suzuki Swift+
Production	2002-present
Body and chassis
Platform	T200
Powertrain
Engine	1.2L, 1.4L, 1.5L, 1.6L I4
Dimensions
Wheelbase	Template:Auto mm
Length	Template:Auto mm (hatch) Template:Auto mm (sedan)
Width	Template:Auto mm
Height	Template:Auto mm

The original Daewoo Kalos is based on a GM Daewoo T200 platform, which replaced the T100 platform of the Daewoo Lanos. Models constructed on this platform debuted in 2002 to South Korea, North America, Europe and most other markets. These were the Italdesign Giugiaro vehicles, available in all three body styles.

Under development before Daewoo's bankruptcy, the Kalos was the company's first new model introduction following its bankruptcy and subsequent takeover by GM.

History of Development

Conception

Originally designed by Italdesign Giugiaro, the Kalos derives directly from the Kalos Dream concept vehicle presented at the 2000 Paris Motor Show and 2001 Frankfurt Motor Show. The Italdesign sedans and hatchbacks feature a swage line running along the lower body to the rear door, which kinks downward prominently on the hatchback. 5-door hatchbacks also feature a side window in the C/D pillar with a distinctively angled lower edge. Interiors feature a circular motif throughout. US Chevy Aveo, Canadian Suzuki Swift+ and Australian Holden Barina variants featured the same grill with slight differences; European versions and some Latin American versions featured a wider grill with larger slanted headlights.

Design development

Daewoo's now disbanded Worthing Technical Centre in the UK conducted the initial research and platform engineering, with Daewoo's main Technical Center in Bupyong, Incheon, South Korea completing the majority of the later development programme. Daewoo engineers refined the chassis in Britain, on the proving ground at MIRA near Nuneaton, UK. Long-term testing covered nearly 2.2 million kilometers with further testing outside South Korea on test sites in Arjeplog/Sweden, Granada and Idiada/Spain, Kapuskasing/Canada and Beijing/China.

According to an April, 2003 GMDAT press release, Daewoo built 119 prototypes during the Kalos's design and development, crashing 31 for research and data-gathering purposes, and manufacturing 39 pilot production vehicles to verify standards and quality.

Body and packaging

All Kalos iterations feature a tall seating height within a relatively narrow, short and high-roofed body that combines a long wheelbase with short front (81 cm) and rear (49 cm, hatchback) overhangs -- to maximize the visibility, interior space and manueverability relative to the vehicle's footprint.

Available body styles

• 5-door hatchback - debuted 2002.
• 4-door sedan - debuted 2002, updated to T250, June 2006.
• 3-door hatchback - debuted 2005.

Cargo volume

Per the German VDA standard, hatchbacks feature cargo space of 735 liters (5-door, rear seat flipped and folded), 175 liters (5-door, rear seat up, parcel shelf in place) -- and a maximum payload of 495 kg. Per EPA cargo volume ratings, Aveo's have cargo volume of 11.7 cf (5-door, rear seat up), 7.1 cf (sedan), and 42cf (5-door, rear seat folded & flipped).

Passenger volume

The EPA volume index for the Aveo calculate an interior volume of 102.7 cf (5-door) and 107.4 cf (sedan) -- giving the Aveo's sub-compact rating, despite meeting the volume criteria for a compact vehicle.

Headroom

The Kalos' interior headroom was unmatched in it's class at the time of its introduction.

Concept vehicles

• Aveo Xtreme: Introduced at Auto Shanghai 2005, the Aveo Xtreme featured custom fenders, spoilers and rocker panels, lowered suspension, and a bold green paint scheme. While essentially a styling exercise targeted at young Tuners, the Xtreme included a Pioneer AVHP 6500 AM/FM stereo with CD, DVD and MP3 playback, along with XM Satellite Radio, 7-inch touch screen and a integrated PlayStation 2 game system.
• Chevrolet Beat, Groove, and Trax: Originally showcased at the 2007 New York International Auto Show these three concept vehicles each highlighted a different direction the Kalos platform might develop. At the 2007 Los Angeles Auto Show, General Motors announced the Beat will go into production for the world market, although not immediately in the United States.
• Aveo, Iron Man Edition: Appearing at the 2007 Auto Shanghai, a radically restyled five-door Chevrolet Aveo was on display at General Motors’ stand. The concept was nameless and featured orange paint, black front and rear cladding and a prominent black stripe from front to back. Windingroad.com's Art Director Nate Luzod labeled this Chevrolet the “Aveo Iron Man Edition”.

Design features

Aerodynamics

• drag coefficient of 0.35
• frontal area of 2.16 m²
• aerodynamic resistance of 0.74 m².

Construction

• 46% of the Kalos structural components are produced with high-strength steel.
• The body's sheet metal panel gaps are kept to 3 mm and all but the roof panel feature galvanized steel.
• Tailor-welded blanks are used in the production of the vehicle to put strength where needed while saving weight.
• Front suspension features MacPherson struts with offset coil springs and a stabilizer bar.
• Rear suspension features a semi-independent torsion beam axle.

Equipment

• The interior features Isofix child seat anchorages.
• The T200 features a slot specifically for holding toll tickets in the instrument panel adjacent to the steering wheel.
• The optional four-speed automatic has a “hold” feature that "holds" engine revs to a higher rpm.
• Kalos models and their variants are marketed as entry-level vehicles in various trim levels globally with options unusual at entry-level: including AM/FM/CD/MP3 audio, steering wheel mounted radio controls, power locks and windows, remote keyless entry, and heated sideview mirrors and power sunroof.
• Common equipment includes tilt steering column, six-way adjustable driver seat, rear-window defroster, remote fuel door and a 60/40 split-bench folding rear seat. The instrument panel includes a tachometer, speedometer, odometer, trip odometer, fuel gauge, coolant temperature gauge and lighting dimmer control. The IP also has a center storage tray, lighter, extra 12-volt outlet, digital quartz clock and lighted glove box.

Safety

The Kalos models have been tested in at least four international New Car Assessment Programs with a disparity in results reflecting varying equipment. Based on market priorities and price point control, some safety equipment is either unavailable or available only as extra-cost options (including side airbags, ABS, foglights and a rear center position three-point seatbelts and headrests.)

There is no information to suggest that the second generation (T250) models offer different safety protection than the first generation (T200) models.

Korea: models received four stars for both driver and front-seat passenger in crash tests conducted by the Korean Automobile Test and Research Institute (KATRI).

Europe: models received the following European New Car Assessment Program (E-NCAP) ratings:

• Adult Occupant: Three Stars, Score 17
• Child Occupant: Three Stars, Score 26
• Pedestrian: Two Stars, 7

Australia: Holden Barina models received scored 2 stars (of 5) from ANCAP, a rating that is lower than the previous European-built, Opel-based Barina had scored, and the lowest ANCAP rating since 2004. Notably, the Australian Barina models do not feature the front-seat mounted side airbags offered in other markets (eg USA), nor are the ANCAP ratings directly comparable to the ratings of other NCAP programs.

• See Also: Holden Barina Safety
• See Also: ANCAP Results, Holden Barina, 2005-on

United States: US Aveo models received a IIHS crash offset rating of "acceptable" as well as these NHSTA's New Car Assessment Program (www.safercar.gov) ratings:

• Passenger: 5 stars
• Driver: 5 stars
• Side Impact Front: 4 stars
• Side Impact Rear: 4 stars
• Rollover Rating: 4 stars

US Aveo safety features include available four-channel, four-sensor ABS system with electronic brake force distribution (EBD), and front (dual-stage) and side air bags with a passenger-sensing system. Beginning with 2008, Aveo standard equipment includes a tire pressure monitoring system.

Engines

S-TEC

• 1.2 L SOHC - South Korea, Europe, India

E-TEC II

• 1.4 L SOHC - Europe
• 1.4 L DOHC - Europe, Ecuador, Colombia, Chile, India, Philippines
• 1.5 L SOHC - South Korea, Europe, South Africa, Philippines
• 1.6 L SOHC - Ukraine
• 1.6 L DOHC - North America, Venezuela, Australia, China, India

Second generation (T250)

Second Generation (T250)
Overview
Also called	Chevrolet Aveo Chevrolet Lova Daewoo Gentra Holden Barina (TK) Pontiac G3 Pontiac Wave
Production	2006-present
Body and chassis
Platform	T250
Powertrain
Engine	1.2L, 1.4L, 1.5L, 1.6L I4
Dimensions
Wheelbase	Template:Auto mm
Length	Sedan: Template:Auto mm Hatchback: Template:Auto in
Width	Sedan: Template:Auto mm Hatchback: Template:Auto in
Height	Sedan: Template:Auto mm Hatchback: Template:Auto in

Introduced at Auto Shanhai 2005, a revised sedan was designed in cooperation with PATAC. Bearing the internal code T250 and sold in South Korea as Daewoo Gentra, the revision comprised only styling changes, with a new interior IP (instrument panel) and minor equipment changes, including increased sound deadening. Incorporation of the radio antenna into the rear glass and extensive wind tunnel testing helped reduce the coefficient of drag from 0.348 to 0.326.

2009 Chevrolet Aveo5

A restyled version of the hatchback was presented as the Chevrolet Aveo during the Frankfurt Motor Show 2007, to be marketed in Europe and North America. The Korean market received its own distinct restyle of the hatchback, the Gentra X.

Later iterations, including the Kalos, Aveo, Barina and Gentra sedans, the Gentra X hatchback and the 2007 "Frankfurt Show" hatchbacks were styled in-house and with the assistance of PATAC -- and depart notably from the original Giugiaro exterior and interior styling.

Awards

The Kalos won twice consecutively (2003 and 2004) the Korea Design Power Index (KDPI) conducted by the Korean Management Association (KMA) and deriving from interviews and an internet polling of 20,000 consumers in Korea's six largest cities.

• 'Best Car for the Bucks' from forbes.com
• 'Inter-American Car of the Year,' Inter-American Federation of Automotive Journalists
• 'Most Well-Received Small Car,' News Express and Sino Trust
• 'Most Influential Car of the Year,' China Mainstream Media Association
• ‘Car of the Year-2006,' Business Standard Motoring
• NDTV Profit Car India Awards 2007,Small Car of the Year, Chevrolet Aveo U-VA, NDTV Profit, India's leading business news channel, in association with Car India and Bike India.
• The Aveo sedans and Aveo5 placed 12th and 8th respectively in Consumer Reports 2007 Least satisfying Cars, with 44% of owners expressing inclined to buy again.

Global marketing and manufacture

South Korea

The T200 was sold as Daewoo Kalos; the hatchback named 'Kalos V' and the sedan 'Kalos S.' Daewoo began selling the T250 sedan in September 2005 as the 'Daewoo Gentra', replacing Kalos S. "Gentra" is derived from the English word "gentleman" and "transport(ation)".The tagline in the advertising campaign introducing the Gentra in Korea was "Are you gentle?", and the campaign starred Daniel Henny. In October 2007, the Kalos hatchback addopted the T250 underpinnings and was renamed Gentra X.

North America

Chevrolet Aveo5, USA (T200)

Pontiac Wave, Canada (T200)

Suzuki Swift+, Canada (T200)

The Aveo T200 models were introduced to the US and Canada 2004 models at the 2003 (February) Chicago Auto Show as the Chevrolet Aveo. The US 5-door and 4-door models went on sale in November 2003, and as reported by the Boston Globe in November 2006, "the Aveo (was) the largest-selling subcompact in the United States".

The T250 sedan debuted in January 2006 as the 2007 Chevrolet Aveo at the Greater Los Angeles Auto Show. Sales commenced in North America in August 2006. The Aveo 5-door hatchback has been marketed as the "Aveo5" in Canada since its inception and in the US beginning with model year 2007. The models are sold as Pontiac Wave (4-door and 5-door) and Suzuki Swift+ (5-door) in Canada. The T200 Wave sedan was replaced for the 2007 model year with the T250, coinciding with the release of the 2007 T250 Aveo.

US model year changes

2005: Sidemarker lights change from orange to clear.

2006: Rear Spoiler changes from "hugger" style to pedestal style spoiler with several inches of clearance from body.

2007: Deleted: 4-door SVM equipment group, Aveo5 LT model. New Features: 6-disc in-dash CD player and MP3 playback audio system, restyled 4-Door Model, new neutral interior in clot and leatherette, steering wheel mounted audio controls, aux input jacks on all 4-door and LS radios, sedan instrument panel and door accents in wood appearance, metallic grain appearance or silver appearance trim on LS and LT models, manual lumbar adjuster on driver seat, driver seat armrest, back glass antenna on 4-door models. Changes: power outside mirrors now on both driver and passenger, Aveo 5-Door models are called Aveo5. Available Spring Edition in Maui Blue (metallic), with alloy wheels, power windows, power moonroof, upgraded stereo with auxiliary input, keyless remote access, power door locks, foglamps and interior silver accents.

Colors: The US Aveo has been offered in no fewer than ten colors each year -- always including the five colors that comprise the top 70% most popular car colors: silver, white, black, blue and red.

By model year: Black (04-08), Bright Blue* (04-08), Galaxy Silver*(04-05), Modern Green*(04), Pastel Blue*(04-05), Spicy Orange*(04-08), Summer Yellow*(04-08), Summit White*(04-08), Victory Red*(04-08), Aqua*(05-06), Cosmic Silver (06-08), Key Lime* (05), Sport Red (05-08), Icelandic Blue*(06-08), Medium Gray (06-08), Maui Blue* (06, Spring Edition), Blue Moon* (08), Tahiti Green* (08). (model years in parenthases,* = metallic).

US stop delivery order

In February 2004 GM issued a "stop delivery" order, to investigate five accidents that occured in a tight time frame just as the Aveo was introduced to the US market. The order was lifted shortly thereafter, after an investigation revealed no connection between the accidents.

Central and South America

The T200 is sold as Chevrolet Aveo in Ecuador (3-door), Perú (3-door and 5-door), Venezuela (3-door, 5-door and 4-door), Colombia and Chile (all body styles). The T250 is sold as Chevrolet Aveo in Perú (4-door), In Mexico, the T200 is not sold, but the T250 sedan is sold as Pontiac G3. A taxi version of the T200 sedan is available in Ecuador.

The Automotive News reported in October 2007 that GM would begin producing the Aveo model at a new plant in San Luis Potosi, Mexico (400 km northwest of Mexico City) when the new plant is complete in June 2009.

Western Europe

Until the end of 2004, the T200 was sold as Daewoo Kalos. In early 2005, the Chevrolet brand replaced the Daewoo brand and the Kalos was rebadged the Chevrolet Kalos, coinciding with the introduction of the 3-door. The new T250 sedan is marketed as the Chevrolet Aveo, replacing the Kalos sedan in 2006. A revised hatchback was introduced in the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show, to go on sale in early 2008 as the Aveo -- replacing the Kalos.

Central and Eastern Europe

The T200 was sold as Chevrolet Aveo from its introduction in 2003. The T250 has replaced the T200 sedan in 2006, retaining the same name. Versions sold in this region had 1.4-litre engines, and were available as both five-door hatchback and four-door sedan.

It was announced in November 2007 that GM would begin producing the Aveo in Poland, as a deal between GM and the Ukrainian company UkrAvto. To be the first GM plant in Eastern Europe, the plant is projeted to produce it's first vehicles in April 2009 -- for the Ukrainian and Russian markets.

Australia and New Zealand

Holden Barina, Australia

The T200 model was available as the "Daewoo Kalos" before Daewoo's Australian operations ceased at the end of 2004 and was absent from the Australian market until re-introduced in December 2005 as the TK Holden Barina (3-door and 5-door). The TK Barina replaced the previous XC Barina, which was an imported and rebadged European Opel Corsa. The T250 sedan was introduced in February 2006, and both the T200 and T250 models are sold together as the Barina lineup. The switch from the Opel-sourced Corsa was criticized, given the Kalos' lower ANCAP safety performance.

Other markets

Indonesia: The T200 is sold as Chevrolet Aveo in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines (5-door only), as well as South Africa and China (5-door and 4-door).

China The T250 sedan is sold as Chevrolet Lova in China.

India The T250 was launched in India in 2006 as Chevrolet Aveo along with the slogan "An Indian Revolution", referencing Chevrolet's An American Revolution ad compaign. The T250 met with limited success in the Indian market attributable to the manual transmission's notchy and cumbersome shifting in the bumper to bumper traffic of Indian roads . The T200 hatchback has been sold in India since December 2006 as the Chevrolet Aveo U-VA. A taxi called Chevytaxi is based on the T200 sedan.

Assembly plants

Most Kalos/Aveos are assembled in the Bupyong plant in South Korea. In Ukraine, Russia and Venezuela, local versions of the Aveo are assembled from knock-down kits or CKD. For the Chinese market, Aveos and Lovas are manufactured by Shanghai GM Dongyue. In India, Aveos are assembled from Halol Plant. Also in Egypt GM assembly plant started in August 2007 producing the Aveo locally in 3 variants.