James Percy FitzPatrick
Sir James Percy Fitzpatrick | |
|---|---|
 Sir Percy Fitzpatrick | |
| Born | 24 July 1862.png){kind=small} King William's Town, Cape Colony |
| Died | 24 January 1931 Amanzi, Union of South Africa |
| Pen name | Percy Fitzpatrick |
| Occupation | Author, Politician, Mining financier, fruit farmer. |
| Nationality | South African |
| Period | 1907 - 1931 |
| Genre | Non-fiction |
Sir James Percy FitzPatrick (24 July 1862 - 24 January 1931) was a South African author, politician, mining financier and pioneer of the fruit industry. He is best known for his book Jock of the Bushveld, considered a South African classic, as well as other children's books.
Early life
FitzPatrick was born in King William's Town, the eldest son of James Coleman FitzPatrick, who was a judge of the Supreme Court of the Cape Colony, and Jenny FitzGerald. Both were originally from Ireland. Two of James FitzPatrick's other sons were killed in action - Tom FitzPatrick in the Matabele Rebellion and George FitzPatrick (serving with the Imperial Light Horse) in the Second Anglo-Boer War.
He was first educated at Downside School and St. Gregory's College, near Bath in England and later at St. Aidan's College in Grahamstown, South Africa.
Working life
When the elder FitzPatrick died in 1880, Percy FitzPatrick left college in order to support his mother and the rest of her family. He travelled to the Eastern Transvaal goldfields in 1884, where he worked as a storeman, prospector's assistant and journalist as well as an ox-wagon transport-rider from the former Lourenco Marques to Lydenburg and Barberton. He later became editor of the Gold Fields News in Barberton. An account of Fitzpatrick's adventures during this time - Jock of the Bushveld - was published in 1907. He was also the author of The Transvaal from Within which greatly influenced public opinion in Britain in the years leading up to the Anglo-Boer War. It emphasized Uitlander grievances and advocated British intervention in the South African Republic (ZAR).
In 1892 Fitzpatrick became the head of intelligence in the Johannesburg offices of Hermann Eckstein and Company (part of Wernher-Beit and Company) [1].
Fitzpatrick became the secretary of the Reform Committee in Johannesburg in 1895 [2]. The Committee conspired to overthrow Paul Kruger's South African Republic government from 1895 to 1896. Fitzpatrick acted as go-between the Committee and Cecil John Rhodes and Leander Starr Jameson in Cape Town. On December 29, 1895 Jameson led a failed raid from the Bechuanaland Protectorate (modern-day Botswana) to aid the conspirators in Johannesburg, but was stopped at Doornkop on January 2, 1896 [3]. Fitzpatrick was charged with the others for high treason. Although sentenced to two years' imprisonment and a £2,000 fine, he was released in May 1896 [4].
At the outbreak of the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) Fitzpatrick helped to establish the Imperial Light Horse Regiment. Prevented by ill health from active service, he remained during the war in Britain as Official Adviser on South African Affairs to the British Government. Fitzpatrick was knighted in 1902 [5].
He served as one of eight Transvaal representatives in the national convention of 1908-9, where four British colonies were consolidated into the Union of South Africa. He went on to serve as a member of the parliament of the Union of South Africa, and successfully defended his Pretoria seat in 1906 and 1910. Fitzpatrick and General J.B.M. Hertzog worked out the agreement that recognized English and Dutch as the official languages of the Union [6].
Fitzpatrick kept wild animals that he brought back to Johannesburg after hunting trips at what now is Zoo Lake. Some of these animals formed the first stock of the Johannesburg Zoo [7].
Fitzpatrick helped establish citrus farming in South Africa [8].
He died in Amanzi (Uitenhage) in 1931.
Publications
The following books appeared from Fitzpatrick's pen:
- The Outspan
- Through Mashonaland with Pick and Pen, based on Randolph Churchill's 1891 Rhodesian expedition, led by Fitzpatrick
- The Transvaal from Within, 1899
- Jock of the Bushveld, stories based on Fitzpatrick's transport riding days, was first published in 1907 upon persuasion by his friend Rudyard Kipling. The book has so far run through 91 editions and impressions.
- South African Memories, published posthumously
Interesting facts
- The Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology for the study of the living birds of Africa was founded at the University of Cape Town in 1959 by Mrs Cecily K Niven, daughter and only surviving child of Sir Percy FitzPatrick.
- The Percy FitzPatrick Award is an award for the best South African children's book in English and was initiated in 1970.