Yankee Doodle

"Yankee Doodle" is a well-known US song, often sung patriotically today. It is the state anthem of Connecticut.

The first verse and refrain, as often sung today, run thus:

Yankee Doodle went to town,

A-Riding on a pony;

He stuck a feather in his hat,

And called it macaroni.

Yankee Doodle, keep it up,

Yankee Doodle dandy;

Mind the music and the step,

And with the girls be handy

The tune has become synonymous with the United States. The Voice of America begins and ends all broadcasts with the interval signal of "Yankee Doodle".

History and lyrics

The song's origins were in a pre-Revolutionary War song originally by British military officers to mock the disheveled, disorganized colonial "Yankees" with whom they served in the French and Indian War. At the time, the most common meaning of the word doodle was that of "simpleton" or "fool". It is believed fsfthat the tunsdnfsfne comes from the nursery rhyme Lucy Locket. One version of the Yankee Doodle lyrics is attributed to Doctor Richard Shuckburgh, a British Army surgeon.

The Boston Journal of the Times wrote about a British band declaring "that Yankee Doodle song was the Capital Piece of their band music."

Early versions

The earliest known version of the lyrics comes from 1775:

Brother Ephraim sold his Cow

And bought him a Commission;

And then he went to Canada

To fight for the Nation;

But when Ephraim he came home

He proved an arrant Coward,

He wouldn't fight the Frenchmen there

For fear of being devour'd.

(Note that the sheet music which accompanies these lyrics reads, "The Words to be Sung through the Nose, & in the West Country drawl & dialect.")

The Ephraim referenced here was Ephraim Williams, a popularly known Colonel in the Massachusetts militia who was killed in the Battle of Lake George. He left his land and property to the founding of a school in Western Massachusetts, now known as Williams College.

During the Revolutionary War, the Americans embraced the song and made it their own, turning it back on those who had used it to mock them. A newspaper account after the Battle of Lexington and Concord, a Boston newspaper reported: "Upon their return to Boston [pursued by the Minutemen], one [Briton] asked his brother officer how he liked the tune now, — 'Damn them,' returned he, 'they made us dance it till we were tired' — since which Yankee Doodle sounds less sweet to their ears."

The British responded with another set of lyrics following the Battle of Bunker Hill:

The seventeen of June, at Break of Day,

The Rebels they supriz'd us,

With their strong Works, which they'd thrown up,

To burn the Town and drive us.

Also on February 6, 1788. Massachusetts ratified the Constitution by a vote of 186 to 168. To the ringing of bells and the booming of cannons, the delegates trooped out of Brattle Street Church. Before many days had passed, the citizens sang their convention song to the tune of "Yankee Doodle." Here are the lyrics to their song...

The vention did in Boston meet,

The State House could not hold 'em

So then they went to Fed'ral Street,

And there the truth was told 'em...

And ev'ry morning went to prayer,

And then began disputing,

Till oppositions silenced were,

By arguments refuting.

Now politicians of all kinds,

Who are not yet decided,

May see how Yankees speak their minds,

And yet are not divided.

So here I end my Fed'ral song,

Composed of thirteen verses;

May agriculture flourish long

And commerce fill our purses!

Full version

A full version of the song, as it is known today, goes:

Source: Gen. George P. Morris - "Original Yankee Words", The Patriotic Anthology, Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc. publishers, 1941. Introduction by Carl Van Doren. Literary Guild of America, Inc., New York N.Y.

Fath'r and I went down to camp,

Along with Cap'n Goodin',

And there we saw the men and boys

As thick as hasty puddin'.

Yankee Doodle keep it up,

Yankee Doodle dandy,

Mind the music and the step,

And with the girls be handy.

And there we saw a thousand men

As rich as Squire David,

And what they wasted every day,

I wish it could be saved.

Yankee Doodle, keep it up, etc.

The 'lasses they eat it every day,

Would keep a house a winter;

They have so much, that I'll be bound,

They eat it when they've mind ter.

Yankee Doodle, keep it up, etc.

And there I see a swamping gun

Large as a log of maple,

Upon a deuced little cart,

A load for father's cattle.

Yankee Doodle, keep it up, etc.

And every time they shoot it off,

It takes a horn of powder,

and makes a noise like father's gun,

Only a nation louder.

Yankee Doodle , keep it up, etc.

I went as nigh to one myself

As 'Siah's inderpinning;

And father went as nigh again,

I thought the deuce was in him.

Yankee Doodle , keep it up, etc.

Cousin Simon grew so bold,

I thought he would have cocked it;

It scared me so I shrinked it off

And hung by father's pocket.

Yankee Doodle, keep it up, etc.

And Cap'n Davis had a gun,

He kind of clapt his hand on't

And stuck a crooked stabbing iron

Upon the little end on't

Yankee Doodle, keep it up, etc.

And there I see a pumpkin shell

As big as mother's bason,

And every time they touched it off

They scampered like the nation.

Yankee Doodle, keep it up, etc.

I see a little barrel too,

The heads were made of leather;

They knocked on it with little clubs

And called the folks together.

Yankee Doodle, keep it up, etc.

And there was Cap'n Washington,

And gentle folks about him;

They say he's grown so 'tarnal proud

He will not ride without em'.

Yankee Doodle, keep it up, etc.

He got him on his meeting clothes,

Upon a slapping stallion;

He sat the world along in rows,

In hundreds and in millions.

Yankee Doodle, keep it up, etc.

The flaming ribbons in his hat,

They looked so tearing fine, ah,

I wanted dreadfully to get

To give to my Jemima.

Yankee Doodle, keep it up, etc.

I see another snarl of men

A digging graves they told me,

So 'tarnal long, so 'tarnal deep,

They 'tended they should hold me.

Yankee Doodle, keep it up, etc.

It scared me so, I hooked it off,

Nor stopped, as I remember,

Nor turned about till I got home,

Locked up in mother's chamber.

Yankee Doodle, keep it up, etc.

Gen. George P. Morris

Civil war

During the American Civil War, Southerners added some new lines of their own:

Yankee Doodle had a mind

To whip the Southern rebels,

Because they did not choose to live

On codfish from his tables.

Yankee Doodle, fa, so la,

Yankee Doodle dandy,

And so to keep his courage up,

He took a drink of brandy.

Also popular in the South was a further customized version called "Dixie Doodle":

Dixie whipped old Yankee Doodle

Early in the morning.

Yankeedom had best look out

And take a timely warning.

Hurrah! for our Dixie land,

Hurrah! for our borders!

Southern boys to arms will stand

And whip the dark marauders.

Variations and parodies

Many other variations and parodies have since arisen, including the one taught to schoolchildren today:

Yankee Doodle went to town

A-riding on a pony

He stuck a feather in his hat

And called it macaroni

Yankee Doodle, keep it up

Yankee Doodle dandy

Yankee Doodle round the world

As sweet as sugar candy

or

Yankee Doodle went to town

A-riding on a pony

He stuck a feather in his hat

And called it macaroni

Yankee Doodle, keep it up

Yankee Doodle dandy

Mind the music and the step

and with the girls be handy!

Some believe that these were alternative lyrics used by the British army during the revolutionary war. A "macaroni", in mid-18th-century , was a fashionable person; the joke being that the Yankees believed that a feather in the hat was sufficient to make them the height of fashion. Whether or not these were alternative lyrics sung in the British army, they were enthusiastically taken up by the Yanks themselves.

In the 1930s jazz vocalist Billie Holiday sung her own parodical version of the song, which began:

Yankee Doodle never went to town

I've just discovered the story was phony

Let me give you all the real low-down

He didn’t even own a pony

A more modern parody version:

Yankee Doodle went to London riding on a turtle

Turned the corner just in time to see a lady's girdle!

Popular culture

• A variation of the song appears in the 1904 musical "Little Johnny Jones" by George M. Cohan.
• The song featured in a famous sequence in the 1942 James Cagney film, Yankee Doodle Dandy.
• The theme songs of the 1960s TV cartoon series Roger Ramjet and the children's TV show Barney & Friends are sung to the tune of Yankee Doodle.
• One sketch in a 1970s episode of Sesame Street features Kermit the Frog reporting on Don Music's attempt to "write" Yankee Doodle, with both finding special trouble with the line "and called it macaroni".
• A 1990's commercial for the popular Magna Doodle toy was released and was sung to the tune of Yankee Doodle.
• In the musical Paint Your Wagon, the "Shivaree" concerning Ben Rumson's impending arranged marriage inspired a variation.
• In America Sings, a Disneyland attraction made for the American Bicentennial, "Yankee Doodle" (with new lyrics) acts as a transition song between each scene with these lyrics, sung by a Bald Eagle named Sam, voiced by Burl Ives.
• At the conclusion of the 1981 Wimbledon Championships, in which American tennis star John McEnroe had defeated his long-time rival Björn Borg, TV commentator Bud Collins took note of the July 4th holiday and also McEnroe's red-white-and-blue attire, and quipped "Stick a feather in his cap and call him 'McEnroe-ni'!" [1]
• In the 9th episode of season 2 of Country Fried Home Videos on CMT "Handini" is shown playing the song on "The Hands".
• On The Alvin Show episode with the song "Yankee Doodle," Alvin sings the last line as "and called it spaghetti."

Versions in other languages

Bengali lyrics

The song Laal jhuti kakatua, set to the Yankee Doodle/Lucy Locket melody, is a favorite among the Bengali people. It goes:

Bengali lyrics	English translation
Laal jhuti kakatua dhorechhey je bayena Chai taar laal phite chiruni aar ayena.	A red-tufted cockatoo has a whim She wants her red ribbon comb and mirror.

The Bengali Version of Yankee Doodle was composed for the Film "Badshah" in the year 1964. The song was sang By Ranu Mukherjee, daughter of famous Bengali singer Hemanta Mukherjee.

External links

• Library of Congress Yankee Doodle music website
• Library of Congress Yankee Doodle historical context site
• h2g2 Yankee Doodle Edited Guide Entry