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Acid2

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Acid2
The reference image for Acid2. In the real test, the nose will light up blue when pointing over it with the cursor.
Type of site
Web standards test
OwnerThe Web Standards Project
Created byIan Hickson
URLacid2.acidtests.org

Acid2 is a test suite published and promoted by the Web Standards Project to identify web page rendering flaws in web browsers and other applications that render HTML. Acid2 was released on April 12, 2005. It was developed in the spirit of Acid1, a relatively narrow test of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) compliance. As with all of the web acid tests, the way a web browser displays the test is compared to a reference rendering. If the two match, the browser is considered to pass the test.

Acid2 tests features of HTML and, more prominently, CSS. The purpose of testing such features is to identify standards compliance deficiencies in applications that render HTML. The Acid2 test should render correctly on any browser that follows the World Wide Web Consortium HTML and CSS 2.0 specifications.

On October 31, 2005, Safari 2.0.2 became the first browser to pass the test. Opera, Konqueror, and others followed. The only major browsers that do not yet pass the test are Firefox and Internet Explorer, although Acid2-compliant versions of these browsers are in development.

History

Ian Hickson, the author of the test
The smiley face of the first version of Acid2. Note that due to problems in this version of the test, the mouth is too close to the nose and the text "ERROR" appears.

Ian Hickson, a web developer for Google, and Håkon Wium Lie, chief technical officer of the Opera Software company and creator of the widely-used cascading style sheets web standard, created the first draft of Acid2 in February 2005.[1] Acid2 was first publicly announced on March 16, 2005 in a CNET news article written by Håkon Wium Lie. In the article, Lie challenged Microsoft to design Internet Explorer 7, then in development, to pass the test.[2]

Ian Hickson coded the test in collaboration with the Web Standards Project and the larger web community.[3][2][4][5] It was officially released on April 13, 2005[6] and at that time, every web browser failed it spectacularly.[7]

In July 2005, Chris Wilson, the Internet Explorer Platform Architect responded by calling Acid2 a "wish list" of features and said that while the test was important to Microsoft, Acid2 compliance was not a priority for Internet Explorer 7.[8] However, later on Microsoft joined other browser makers and Internet Explorer 8 is expected to pass the test.[9]

On April 23, 2005, Acid2 was updated to fix a bug that made the mouth be too close to the nose.[10][11] After several complaints, the test was again updated in January 2006 to remove a test for unpopular SGML-style comments that were never widely implemented.[1]

Overview of standards tested

Acid2 tests the following web standards:[12]

  • Alpha transparency on PNG images—the eyes are transparent PNGs
  • The object element
  • Absolute, relative and fixed positioning using CSS
  • The CSS box model
  • CSS tables
  • CSS margins
  • CSS generated content
  • CSS parsing—Acid2 includes a number of illegal CSS statements to test error handling
  • Paint order
  • CSS line heights
  • Hovering effects
  • The data: URI scheme

Because Acid2 is not a comprehensive test, it does not guarantee total conformance with any particular standard. A version of the Acid2 test that does not test for data: URI support is also available.[12]

Passing conditions

A passing score is only considered valid if the browser's default settings were used. Actions such as changing font sizes, zoom level, and applying user stylesheets can break the display of the test. This is expected and is not relevant to a browser's compliance.[13]

The following browser settings and user actions invalidate the test:[13][14]

  • Scrolling
  • Resizing the browser window
  • Zooming in or out
  • Disabling images
  • Using Opera's Fit to width and Small Screen Rendering modes
  • Applying custom fonts, colors, styles, etc.
  • User JavaScript or GreaseMonkey scripts

Compliant applications

Acid2 as rendered by compliant applications

If rendered correctly, Acid2 will appear as a smiley face below the text "Hello World!" in the user's browser, with the nose turning blue when the mouse cursor hovers over it. At the time of the test's release, every browser failed it spectacularly,[7] but now a number of applications pass the test:

Officially released

In development

Note that while Internet Explorer 8 is generally considered to "pass" the test, there is still an unresolved standards compliance issue that can result in improper rendering (see section below).

Non-compliant applications

As of May 2008, approximately 94% of web browsers in use do not pass the Acid2 test.[15]

Although Internet Explorer has also been moving towards better CSS compliance, the current release version, Internet Explorer 7, does not pass the Acid2 test. While that version of the browser was in beta testing, Chris Wilson, the Internet Explorer Platform Architect, described Acid2 as a "wish list" of features rather than a true test of standards compliance, and that passing Acid2 was not a priority for IE7.[16]

Internet Explorer 8 Beta 1, released on March 5 2008, passes the test when hosted at www.webstandards.org, but fails the test when hosted at webstandards.org or acid2.acidtests.org. The reason for this is that contrary to the HTML specifications,[17][18] Internet Explorer will not display an object element's content or its fallback content if the element references content hosted on a different domain than the test. In Acid2's case, the test includes an object element that references content at www.webstandards.org, and consequently Internet Explorer will not display the object's content or its specified fallback content unless the test is also run from www.webstandards.org. Microsoft said that this was done to prevent a potential cross-domain security issue, and stated that they are looking into whether this restriction can be loosened in a future beta.[19]

Browsers based on the stable version of the Gecko layout engine, such as Firefox, Camino, and SeaMonkey, do not pass. However, the prerelease version of Gecko 1.9 passes, and so future versions of these browsers are expected to be Acid2-compliant.[20]

Even though Opera Mini is based on the same rendering engine as Opera for personal computers, it does not pass the Acid2 test.[21][22] This is because Opera Mini intentionally reformats web pages to try and make them more suitable for devices with small screens.[23][13][24]

Timeline of passing applications

The following is a list of releases noting significant builds of applications that passed the test.

Date Browser Availability Notes
April 27, 2005 Safari private build[25]
May 18, 2005 iCab private build[26] This build was made available to registered iCab users on May 20, 2005.
June 4, 2005 Konqueror private build[27]
June 6, 2005 iCab public build[26] This version of iCab displays a scrollbar on the viewport. Although some state that a correctly rendered test should not have a scrollbar,[28] that feature is not part of the test, and merely a way to prevent the user from scrolling.[29]
June 7, 2005 Safari source code available[30] WebKit, the underpinnings of Safari, was made open source on June 7, 2005. When Safari was run with this latest version of WebKit, it passed the Acid2 test.
October 31, 2005 Safari 2.0.2 official release[31][32] Included in Mac OS X 10.4.3. First official browser to pass test.
November 29, 2005 Konqueror 3.5 official release[33] First Linux-compatible browser to pass the test, except for hiding the scrollbar.
December 7, 2005 Prince 5.1 official release[34] First non-web browser to pass test.
March 10, 2006 Opera public weekly build[35][36] First Windows-compatible browser to pass the test and also the first Linux-compatible browser to fully pass the test. A public beta was released on April 20, also successful.[37][38]
March 28, 2006 Konqueror 3.5.2 official release[39] Although previous releases passed, their compliance was questioned because they showed scrollbars. This version did not show the scrollbars.
April 12, 2006 Mozilla Firefox public nightly build[40] The "reflow branch" nightly builds, whose code was branched from the Gecko 1.9/Firefox 3.0 trunk and was merged back into the trunk on December 8, 2006.[41]
May 24, 2006 Opera Mobile private build[42] First mobile browser to pass test.
July 20, 2006 OmniWeb 5.5 beta 1 public build[43][44][45] OmniWeb switches its rendering engine to WebKit, the same rendering engine used in Safari which already passed the Acid2 test
June 20, 2006 Opera 9.0 official release[46]
July 4, 2006 Obigo Browser private build[47] Second mobile browser to pass test.
August 17, 2006 iCab 3.0.3 official release[48] First public release that hides the scrollbars.
September 6, 2006 OmniWeb 5.5 official release[43]
December 8, 2006 Mozilla Firefox, Camino, SeaMonkey public nightly build[49] Firefox 3 reflow-refactoring branch lands on main Gecko trunk. Firefox/Camino/SeaMonkey trunk builds now pass Acid2, barring other regressions.
April 11, 2007 Internet Channel official release[50][51][52]
October 24, 2007 Prism 0.8 public build[53]
December 19, 2007 Internet Explorer 8 private build[9]
March 5, 2008 Internet Explorer 8 Beta 1 public build[54] Beta 1 release passes the test when hosted at www.webstandards.org, but fails the test when hosted at webstandards.org or acid2.acidtests.org (see Non-compliant applications).

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Hickson, Ian (2006-01-20). "People who don't realise that they're wrong". Hixie's Natural Log. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  2. ^ a b Lie, Håkon Wium (2005-03-16). "The Acid2 challenge to Microsoft". CNET Networks. Retrieved 2008-01-12.
  3. ^ "Ian Hickson". The Web Standards Project. Retrieved 2008-03-25.
  4. ^ "Ben Henick". The Web Standards Project. Retrieved 2008-04-02.
  5. ^ "David Baron". The Web Standards Project. Retrieved 2008-04-02.
  6. ^ "Acid2: Putting Browser Makers on Notice" (Press release). The Web Standards Project. 2005-04-13. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  7. ^ a b Hyatt, Dave (2005-04-12). "The Acid2 Test". Surfin' Safari. MozillaZine. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
  8. ^ Wilson, Chris (2005-07-29). "Standards and CSS in IE". IEBlog. Microsoft. Retrieved 2008-03-11.
  9. ^ a b Hachamovitch, Dean (2007-12-19). "Internet Explorer 8 and Acid2: A Milestone". IEBlog. Microsoft. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
  10. ^ Hyatt, Dave (2005-04-23). "Acid2: Version 1.1 Posted". Surfin' Safari. Retrieved 2007-12-24. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |publsher= ignored (|publisher= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ Hyatt, Dave (2005-04-20). "Acid2: Lopping Off the Sideburns". Surfin' Safari. Retrieved 2008-05-14. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |publsher= ignored (|publisher= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ a b "Acid2: The Guided Tour". The Web Standards Project. Retrieved 2007-12-24.
  13. ^ a b c Holzschlag, Molly E. (2006-07-20). "Acid2 and Opera 9 Clarifications: Yes, Opera 9 Passes the Test". The Web Standards Project. Retrieved 2006-07-22.
  14. ^ Altman, Tim (2006-07-19). "Tim's Opera Bits v1.1". Tim's blog. Retrieved 2007-11-15.
  15. ^ "Browser Version Market Share". Net Applications. 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-05. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  16. ^ Wilson, Chris (2005-07-29). "Standards and CSS in IE". IEBlog. Microsoft. Retrieved 2008-03-11.
  17. ^ "Objects, Images, and Applets: Rules for rendering objects". HTML 4.01 Specification. W3C. 1999-12-24. Retrieved 2008-03-20.
  18. ^ Hickson, Ian (2008-03-14). "Re: MSIE 8 beta 1 clarification needed". World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 2008-05-05.
  19. ^ Nachreiner, Phil (2008-03-05). "Why Isn't IE8 Passing Acid2?". Microsoft. Retrieved 2008-03-11.
  20. ^ Paul, Ryan (2006-12-12). "A first look at Firefox 3.0". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2008-05-05.
  21. ^ Bersvendsen, Arve (2007). "Opera Mini 4 beta out". Retrieved 2007-12-22. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  22. ^ "Opera Mini Simulator". Opera Software. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
  23. ^ "Opera Mini Features". Opera Software. Retrieved 2007-12-21.
  24. ^ Wilton-Jones, Mark "Tarquin" (2006-06-10). "c33322". Simon Willison. Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  25. ^ Hyatt, Dave (2005-04-27). "Safari Passes the Acid2 Test (Updated)". Retrieved 2006-06-14.
  26. ^ a b Much, Thomas (2005-11-05). "Acid2 - the truth about Safari, iCab and Konqueror". Thomas Much's Weblog. Retrieved 2008-05-05.
  27. ^ carewolf (2005-06-04). "Konqueror now passes Acid2". carewolf's blog. KDE Developer's Journals. Retrieved 2006-05-16.
  28. ^ "Overflow:HTMLParser the 'Overflow' Property". W3C CSS working draft. World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 2006-05-15.
  29. ^ Much, Thomas (2006-04-27). "Opera and Acid2 - and iCab?". Thomas Much's Weblog. Retrieved 2008-04-13.
  30. ^ Molkentin, Daniel (2005-06-07). "Apple Opens WebKit CVS and Bug Database". KDE.News. Retrieved 2008-05-03.
  31. ^ "Apple Safari 2.0.2 software download". VersionTracker. Retrieved 2008-05-03.
  32. ^ Stachowiak, Maciej (2005-11-01). "WebKit Fixes in Safari 2.0.2 / Mac OS X 10.4.3". Surfin' Safari. Retrieved 2008-05-03.
  33. ^ "K Desktop Environment 3.5 Released". 2005-11-29. Retrieved 2006-05-16.
  34. ^ "The Acid2 Test". Retrieved 2006-05-16.
  35. ^ "Acid2 - Rows 4 and 5 AKA Opera passes the Acid2 test!". Tim's blog. 2006-03-10. Retrieved 2006-05-16.
  36. ^ Santambrogio, Claudio (2006-03-10). "…and one more weekly!". Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  37. ^ "Widgets, BitTorrent, content blocking: Introducing Opera 9 Beta" (Press release). Opera Software. 2006-04-20. Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  38. ^ "Changelog for Opera 9.0 Beta 1 for Windows". Opera Software. 2006-04-20. Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  39. ^ "KDE 3.5.2 Release Announcement". 2006-03-28. Retrieved 2006-05-16.
  40. ^ Braniecki, Zbigniew (2006-04-12). "Meet Mr. Face". Stream of Thoughts. Retrieved 2006-05-16.
  41. ^ bzbarsky (2006-12-08). "Reflow branch landed". Three Monkeys, Three Typewriters, Two Days. Retrieved 2008-05-05.
  42. ^ Nevstad, Magnus. "Opera for Symbian passes Acid2". The Digital Void of SPZ. Opera Software. Retrieved 2006-05-24.
  43. ^ a b "Historical Release Notes". The Omni Group. 2008-04-09. Retrieved 2008-04-29.
  44. ^ Handycam. "Acid2 Passes!". The Omni Group date=2006-05-08. Retrieved 2008-05-10. {{cite web}}: Missing pipe in: |publisher= (help)
  45. ^ Antony (2006-07-24). "Gecko-based browsers still fail Acid2 test". SillyDog701. Retrieved 2008-04-29.
  46. ^ Ford, Thomas (2006-06-20). "Welcome to Opera 9.0". Opera Software. Retrieved 2006-06-20.
  47. ^ "Teleca's Obigo Browser displays prestigious Acid2 test page faultlessly" (PDF) (Press release). Teleca. 2006-07-04. Retrieved 2008-05-05.
  48. ^ Much, Thomas (2006-08-24). "iCab 3.0.3 Final(ly)". Thomas Much's Weblog. Retrieved 2008-04-13.
  49. ^ Baron, David (2006-12-08). "Mozilla Bug 289480". Retrieved 2006-12-08.
  50. ^ Goldman, Daniel (2006-12-22). "Wii browser passes the Acid2 test". Opera Watch. Retrieved 2007-10-30.
  51. ^ "Get to Know the Web on Wii: Full Version of Wii Internet Channel Powered by Opera Available for Free Download" (Press release). Opera Software. 2007-04-12. Retrieved 2007-10-12.
  52. ^ Joel (2007-06-15). "Take your browser on an Acid2 test". Switchblog. Retrieved 2008-04-02.
  53. ^ "Mozilla Labs blog". Mozilla Corporation. 2007-10-24. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
  54. ^ Hachamovitch, Dean (2008-03-05). "Internet Explorer 8 Beta 1 for Developers Now Available". IEBlog. Microsoft. Retrieved 2008-05-05.

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