Jenin
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Jenin (Arabic: جنين, Hebrew: ג'נין) is a city in the West Bank, which - according to the Oslo Accords - is under Palestinian Authority control. However, it has been under Israeli control since Operation Defensive Shield in 2002.
Demographics
According to projections based on a 1997 census, the city of Jenin has a population of 34,000 Palestinians, while the adjoining Jenin refugee camp houses almost 12,000 refugees. The population of the entire Jenin district is over 250,000. [1]
Geography
It overlooks both the Jordan Valley to the east, and the Jezreel Valley to the north. Jenin is the site of the ancient Israelite village of Ein Gannim (See also: Anem).
Features
One of the city's quarters is a officially a United Nations refugee camp housing mostly the descendants of Arab refugees from the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. It has long been a center of Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
History
Jenin was a center of civil unrest during the Great Uprising of Palestinians in the years 1936-1939; in particular, it was the base of the pioneer of Arab militant activity, Sheikh Izz Ad-Din Al-Qassam (whom the Hamas military wing is named after). It was also used by Qawquji's partisans guerillas.
In the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the city was occupied by Iraqi forces, then captured briefly by forces of Israeli Karmeli Brigade during the "10 Days' fighting" following the cancellation of the first cease-fire. The offensive was actually a feint designed to draw Arab forces away from the critical Siege of Jerusalem, and gains in that sector were quickly abandoned when Arab reinforcements arrived.
For 19 years, the city was under Jordanian control; it was then captured by the Peled division of the IDF on the first day of the Six-Day War of 1967.
Conflict years
The city was handed over by Israel to the control of the Palestinian Authority in 1996. At the start of the Second Intifada, Israel alleged that the city had become a central source for the dispatching of suicide bombers to the North and Center of Israel. According to Israeli sources, a quarter of all suicide bombings carried out in Israel during the current, second Intifada originated in Jenin. See Palestinian terrorism for an in-depth discussion of this broader issue.
In April 2002, Jenin's refugee camp was the theatre of one of the most intense battles to occur during the al-Aqsa Intifada. The details of what happened during these events are hotly contested. The events were initially refered to as the "Jenin massacre", due to an allegation raised by Palestinians that the IDF killed hundreds of civilians in the camp. This allegation was later refuted, and the death toll was lowered to 52 people, at least 20 of whom were unarmed civilians [2]. Serious allegations of war crimes have also been levelled against the IDF. Israel denies these charges, and deny that war crimes were committed. In contrast, the death of 23 Israeli soldiers during the battle raised criticism in Israel of the soft methods [citation needed] the IDF used in order not to harm civilians, at the expense of its own troops' safety. [3][4]
For more details, see: Battle of Jenin.