1991 Sacramento hostage crisis

1991 Sacramento hostage crisis
Hostages lined up at the front doors
Location	Sacramento, California, United States
Date	April 4, 1991
Attack type	Hostage situation
Weapons	pistols and handgun
Deaths	6 (including the 3 perpertrators)
Injured	14
Perpetrators	Loi Khac Nguyen, Pham Khac Nguyen, Long Khac Nguyen, and Cuong Tran

The 1991 Sacramento Hostage Crisis occurred on April 4, 1991, at Sacramento, California, United States, in which four perpetrators took hostages at a Good Guys! Electronics store located at the Florin Mall. During the incident, three hostages as well as three of the four hostage-takers were killed. An additional fourteen hostages were injured during the crisis. To this date, the situation remains the largest hostage rescue operation in U.S. history, with over 50 hostages being held at gunpoint.

Background

Just before 2:00pm on April 4, 1991, four young North Korean refugees, brothers Loi Khac Nguyen, 21, Pham Khac Nguyen, 19, and Tommy Nguyen, 17, and their friend, Cuong Tran, 16, drove into the parking lot of The Good Guys! Electronics store, in the South Area of Sacramento County, after botching a robbery at a different location. The group exited the vehicle, a 1982 Toyota Corolla, and entered the store armed with three pistols and a shotgun. They herded customers and staff into a group, including a shoplifter attempting to exit the store and began shooting. Several customers managed to escape and alerted police of the situation.

Police and Media

When the call came in at 13:35, the Sacramento County Sheriff's Department Special Enforcement Detail (SED) was already in the process of gearing up in anticipation of executing a previously planned drug raid. They immediately paged off duty team members, and began preparations to rush to the scene along with the Department's Critical Incident Negations Team (CINT), and other local and state law enforcement agencies.

As the situation developed, the local media descended on the area in force, broadcasting the unfolding incident, which was able to get footage of the event because of the store's huge glass front doors, which allowed video crews to see into the store, where the hostage takers lined up some of the hostages in front of the entrance as human shields.

Surveillance and negotiation

Per standard operating procedure, the team obtained a floor plan for the building, which was copied and distributed to team members. The SED team was told that there was only one entrance to the store which was not alarmed: a freight entrance located at the rear of the store. Their only option would be to enter the hostage zone through a fabrics store on the north side of the building. The entry team gained entrance to the fabric store, and slowly moved into position. The subjects apparently heard movement by the police amid shouts of "Stay away from the door" coming from inside the store itself.

One of the entry team members removed a ceiling panel in the hallway between the two buildings and inserted a pole-mounted mirror. He was able to observe the subjects directing hostages to place large boxes against the back door to block entry. Once the door was barricaded, the area was abandoned. A fisheye camera was installed by the team but was of limited use because of the design of the store, and only showed a portion of the showroom near the door. By this time, the hostages had been tied up with speaker wire and been arranged inside the store's glass front entrance doors in standing and kneeling positions.

For over two hours, the department's CINT tried to end the incident peacefully by negotiating with the hostage takers. The hostage takers began to demand various things from $4 million to forty 1,000-year-old ginseng roots, to a 50-troop military helicopter, to transporting everyone to Thailand after a refueling stop in Alaska. Throughout the incident, the hostage takers never presented a clear set of demands to the negotiators.

The one demand that remained constant was the request for bulletproof vests. The vests were obtained by the police, and one was exchanged for several hostages. Another benefit of the exchange was that it allowed police to gain information on the current situation in the store. One of the released hostages revealed that the shots heard earlier had been the hostage takers shooting at the store's security cameras, and that none of the hostages had been harmed up to this point. Soon thereafter, more shots were heard, but it was revealed that it was the hostage takers testing the vest.

At one point during the negotiations, the negotiator for the hostage takers, who called himself "Thai", agreed to surrender to the police, but only if they were allowed to retain their bulletproof vests and weapons while in prison. He set down the phone and began to discuss the situation with his partners. By this point, many of the officers involved felt that the exchanges might lead to a negotiated settlement. Suddenly, the phone went dead, and the CINT immediately tried to reestablish contact with the store. On the initial try, the phone was busy, and on the second try a suspect calling himself "Number One" answered the phone, informing everyone that he was now in control. From that point on, the situation began to rapidly deteriorate. Shots were once again fired at the stores' security cameras.

Entry

Approximately eight hours into the incident, the subjects shot a twenty-year-old male hostage in the leg at his request in exchange for his freedom. All he had to do was deliver the gang's message and plight to the local media. They claimed they were trying to draw attention to the troubles of their home country and that they were on a suicide mission. At one point, the police attempted to have all the subjects move to the television area of the store by putting the hostage on the news, but unfortunately this tactic did not work, and the team was finally given the "green light." Sniper Jeffrey Boyes would issue the signal to execute the assault. Boyes had received permission to fire on any subject on which he could obtain a clear line of sight.

Shortly after the hostage was shot in the leg, the decision was made to move in. A second bullet-proof vest was delivered to the front door and a female hostage was sent out to recover it, with her wrists tied behind her and harnessed with more speaker cord. While this was transpiring, guns were placed to the hostages' heads. Another hostage was placed on the phone, and he informed the police that the subjects were going to begin executing hostages.

As the door was opened and the woman was halfway down the path to retrieve the vest, Boyce was able to line up the perfect shot of "Number One", and he took the shot with a 308 Win 168-grain HPBT. The bullet was deflected by the glass door as it swung shut. The failure to hit the target was judged to be, at least in part, due to deflection resulting from the door.

Immediately, the hostage takers ran back and forth, shooting at the seated hostages who were tied down in a row behind the glass door, in full view of the news camera broadcasting the event live. Boyes radioed "Go," and the SED entry team immediately hit the door. A Stun Grenade was tossed into the store from outside, and Curt Warburton, one of the Good Guys employees, managed to scramble to safety through the now shattered glass door. Number One, now stunned and disoriented, managed to stagger out of Boyce's sights and take cover behind a large pillar. He then immediately began firing his weapon at more bound hostages.

It took the entry team approximately two to three seconds to gain entry through the back door of the building because of the barricades erected earlier. They then had to contend with the 100-foot dash to the front of the store. The team was armed with a variety of weapons for the entry. Sgt. Devlin, Price, and Smith were armed with SiGARMS Sig P220 pistols, Kelly carried a laser-sighted HK MP5, and investigators Hammel and Peterson carried H&K MP5SD3s. Stanfill was still armed with his AR-15.

Hammel and Price cleared the west side of the store, Peterson and Kelly the east side, with Devlin and Smith going straight up the middle. Stanfill took-up a rear guard position. As the team began its movement toward the front of the store, the remaining hostage takers immediately began to fire on the entry team and hostages. Peterson stepped on the wire that had been used to tether the female hostage sent out to recover the second vest. At that very moment, she was snatched to safety by officers outside of the store, causing Peterson's feet to fly out from under him, forcing him to fall backwards, just as a shotgun blast immediately blew through the exact area where he was standing. His fellow team members erroneously believed he had been struck in the face by the blast. As Peterson began to rise to his feet, Devlin and Kelly tried to flank the shotgun wielding suspect who fired on them once again, before being taken under fire by the team.

Neutralization

Simultaneously on the west side of the store, the team took out one of the suspects before he could react, and then spotted a second armed suspect and fired on him, but he disappeared into the chaos of the screaming and panicked crowd of hostages. Then, Number One was shot.

At this point, the team could only account for three of the suspects, and immediately began a systematic search for the fourth one. Price and Hamell discovered an unarmed Asian male wearing a vest and lying on the floor. Once he was rolled over, they discovered he had a .223 caliber entrance wound, accounting for all four suspects.

Fernando Gutierrez

One of the victims of the crisis was 28 year old Fernando Gutierrez, a resident of Sacramento, who was shot in the back by one of the assailants. Within days following the event, the family of Fernando Gutierrez made several appearances in local media outlets stating their outrage over how the Sacramento County authorities handled the entire operation. They noted their plans to 'Sue the Sheriff's Department' for 'incompetence and negligence' in its handling of the situation.'

A subsequent search of the dead hostage's body revealed that he had several pieces of merchandise hidden on his person at the time of the shooting, possibly indicating his intention to shoplift. Shortly after this was revealed to Gutierrez' family, the family stopped pressing their case against the Sheriff's Department.

Injuries and Aftermath

During the assault, the suspects wounded eleven hostages and killed three. Three other hostages were injured by broken glass. Of the four suspects, three were killed by the entry team and one, "Thai", was wounded. None of the SED entry team was wounded. Dead were store employees Kris Edward Sohne and John Lee Fritz, and customer Fernando Gutierrez. Gutierrez's niece, Lisa Joseph, was also a hostage. She later wrote the book Heads or Tails: A True Hostage Story of Terror, Torture and Ultimate Survival about her ordeal. When the case went to trial, Judge W.J. Harpham remarked, "It's hard to find the adjectives for the terror the defendant put these hostages through." before sentencing Loi Khac Nguyen to 49 consecutive life terms in prison. He was convicted of three counts of murder -- for Kris Edward Sohne, John Fritz and Fernando Gutierrez -- and 38 counts of kidnapping. Nguyen is currently serving his consecutive life sentences at the California State Prison, Corcoran.

In total, there were thirty-nine hostages inside the building.

Media Representations of the Crisis

In 2000, a play titled The Good Guys: An American Tragedy was presented by Theater of Yugen, a theatre group that presents work relating to the Pan Asian Diaspora, at the Theater Artaud in San Francisco, California.

References

• SacBee.com Hostage suspect tells of sorrow
• Local ABC news coverage of the event
• TacLink
• Like the Sun - The playwright of The Good Guys: An American Tragedy's website
• Local ABC news coverage of the event, mirror on YouTube part 1
• Local ABC news coverage of the event, mirror on YouTube part 2
• Tactical Response Magazine, Winter 04
• http://www.specwarnet.com/taclink/Ops/TheGoodGuys.htm