Handheld video game
Template:Current-GCOTW A handheld video game is a video game designed primarily for handheld game consoles such as Nintendo's Game Boy line. In more recent history, handheld video games have become popular in calculators, personal digital assistants (PDA), mobile phones, mp3 players, and other similar portable gadgets.
In the past decade, handheld video games currently have become a major sector of the video game market. In 2004 sales of portable software titles exceeded $1 billion in the United States for the first time, an 11% increase from the previous year [1].
For dedicated handheld games that do not have interchangeable cartridges, disks, etc., or are not reprogrammable, see handheld electronic games.
History
Handheld video games grew out of handheld electronic games that were popular from the 1970s through the mid '90s. The key factors in contributing to the advance of handheld video games were the increase in processing power, technological advances in liquid crystal displays (LCDs), and the reduction of power requirements. Handheld video games grew immensly in popularity, thanks to the Nintendo Gameboy released in 1989. Tetris was considered the "killer app" for the console, and popularized the action puzzle genre.
Preferred genres
Due to the portable nature of the platform, the game genres that are popular on video game consoles are not necessarily the same genres that are popular on handhelds. This is partly due to a constant game of technological catchup for handhelds; they are usually about 1-2 generations behind in terms of graphic capabilities than their AC-powered brethren. In addition, there is a demand to keep the device small, so there are much fewer controls on handhelds than on other systems; this results in games that cannot be as complex. Typically due to the limited time that most users have when on the go, the average gametime duration is much shorter. Hence games that are quick to play, such as sidescrolling platformers and action puzzle games are very popular. It is important to note that there is solid-state storage for handheld titles, whether it be in the form of a memory card, or EEPROM. On the whole, even with the capability to save games, consumers prefer less time-consuming titles. More complex game types, such as adventure or first person shooters, are less popular.
Puzzle
- Tetris (Nintendo Game Boy 1989, Cellphone)
- Columns (Sega Game Gear)
- Lumines (PlayStation Portable 2005)
- Bedazzled (Cellphone)
Platform
- Super Mario Advance Series (Game Boy Advance)
RPG
Due to the low technical demands of the turn based, menu driven RPG, they have often found homes on handheld systems, often based on a console RPG. Those games that have met with the most success have been collection-centered or anime-based RPGs such as:
- Pokémon (Nintendo Game Boy, Game Boy Advance)
- Megaman Battle Network
- Dragon Ball Z
- Yu-Gi-Oh Series
- Duelmasters
The Pokémon series has met with so much success that Nintendo has released special editions of the Gameboy Advance and Gameboy. These bundles had the game systems in exclusive colors (such as Pikachu yellow) and were bundled with the popular game of the time.
Classic
Due to the simplistic nature of the video and arcade games of the 1980s, many classic titles have been re-released in handheld form. For example, the Nintendo e-Reader for the Gameboy Advance allowed a small library of classic NES titles to be played on the handheld. Classic games are also released for cellphones, such as Galaga, Afterburner, Pac-man. The Apple iPod features two games from the late 1970 and early 1980s: Breakout and Parachute
Card games
While not particularly popular on handheld game consoles, card games such as Texas Hold 'Em, Blackjack, and Solitaire are extremely popular on cellphones and PDA's.
Features unique to handheld gaming
Linking to other handhelds
Most handheld systems are capable of linking to others of the same type via a cable that connects two or more handhelds, usually to a maximum of 4. This feature allows both multiplayer gaming and other uses such as item or data transfer between cartridges. The Atari Lynx supported connectivity for up to 17 units at once.
The N-gage introduced wireless connectivity via Bluetooth, allowing multiplayer games between handhelds with no cable. This was also a feature in the Nintendo DS and PlayStation Portable, using the Wi-Fi standard.
Linking to console games
Nintendo's Transfer Pak allows transfer of data from compatible Game Boy cartridges to their Nintendo 64 counterparts: e.g. allowing Pokémon from the Game Boy game to be used in Pokémon Stadium for the N64. Similarly, the Game Boy Advance can be linked to the Nintendo GameCube with the Nintendo GameCube Game Boy Advance cable, which allows the GBA to be used as an extra controller with a second screen. Likewise, the PlayStation Portable will be able to connect wirelessly to the upcoming PlayStation 3.
Multi-tasking
On non-dedicated gaming platforms, such as Cellphones, it is important for the game running to not be the highest priority of the hardware/software system. On these devices, the operating system will interrupt the gaming session with something like a incoming call, an scheduling alert, a low-battery warning, etc.
Availability
Gaming platforms
As with traditional video game systems, there are dedicated and console systems. Dedicated handheld video games have a specific set of software are almost always bundled with the hardware unit.
In terms of handheld game consoles, there are two subcategories of systems; ones that are a re-engineered portable version of a set-top console that are compatible with existing cartridges, or new systems and platforms that are exclusively designed and use portable media types.
The Sega Nomad, the PSOne, and the Turbo Express are good examples of re-engineered portable systems. The Game Boy Advance, the Sega Game Gear, and Neo Geo Pocket are examples of entirely created platforms.
Non-gaming platforms
With the increasing convergence of electronic peripherals made possible by rapid technology advancements, handheld video games are now available on a wide variety of platforms, not just exclusive gaming ones. PDAs, although not a gaming platform, had many games, ports or exclusively designed, for the devices. All modern cellphones include and run gaming software, usually Java or BREW based. The popular Apple iPod mp3 player includes several bundled games and clever enthusiasts have been modifying the software to allow for further gaming utilization. The website It Plays Doom is dedicated to listing all the portable devices currently capable of playing the popular first person shooter; this ever-growing list includes PDAs, digital cameras, and cellphones.