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DeviantArt
File:Deviantart logo.png
File:DAscreenshot.jpg
Screenshot of DeviantArt's homepage
Type of site
Artist community
OwnerDeviantART, Inc.
Created byScott Jarkoff, Angelo Sotira and Matthew Stephens
URLwww.deviantart.com
CommercialYes
RegistrationOptional

DeviantArt (trademarked deviantART[1]) is an international online community for artists. It was first launched on August 7, 2000 by Scott Jarkoff, Matthew Stephens and Angelo Sotira, amongst others. DeviantArt, Inc. is headquartered in Suite 788 at 7905 Hollywood Boulevard in the Hollywood area of Los Angeles, California, United States.[2]

DeviantArt aims to provide a place for any artist to exhibit and discuss his or her works. As of August 2008 the site consists of over 8 million members, over 62 million submissions, and receives around 80,000 submissions per day.[3] The domain deviantart.com attracted at least 36 million visitors annually by 2008 according to a Compete.com study.[4]

DeviantArt features many forms of creative expression, organized in a comprehensive category structure. The artwork on display includes photography, digital art, traditional art, literature, Flash, filmmaking and skins for applications. The site also has extensive downloadable resources for use by creators such as tutorials and stock photography.

Origins

DeviantArt was originally created as a part of a larger network of music related websites called the Dmusic Network. The site flourished largely because of its unique offering and the contributions of its core member base and a team of volunteers after its launch,[5] but was officially incorporated in 2001 about 8 months after launch.

DeviantArt was loosely inspired by projects like Winamp facelift, customize.org, deskmod.com, screenphuck.com and skinz.org; all application skin based websites. DeviantArt was founded by Angelo Sotira, Scott Jarkoff, and Matt Stephens. Sotira entrusted all public aspects of the project to Scott Jarkoff as an engineer and visionary to launch the early program. All three co-founders shared backgrounds in the application skinning community, but it was Matt Stephens whose major contribution to DeviantArt was the suggestion to take the concept further than skinning and more toward an "art community." Many of the individuals involved with the initial development and promotion of DeviantArt still hold positions with the project, from administrators to volunteers serving as gallery directors and Message Network Administration. Angelo Sotira currently serves as the CEO of DeviantART, Inc.[6]

"Fella," a small, robotic, cat character, was chosen as the official DeviantArt mascot.

Terminology

The following terms are used throughout the site:

dA
A common abbreviation for the site's name (also known less commonly as "devART" or even "dART")
Deviant
A user of DeviantArt
Deviation
A piece of artwork submitted by a user, fully polished and in a state for exhibition
Print
A piece of artwork available for purchase
Scrap
An unfinished work, not exhibited prominently
+fav or fave
short for "favourite"
+devWATCH
term used when "watching" someone (adding to friends list)
dAmn
The DeviantArt Messaging Network[7]
Notes
Private messages between users
Pasties
User generated HTML code that can be added to a user's website or blog to display recent updates, favourites, or prints[8]
Daily Deviation
A submission deemed by a staff member to be impressive or otherwise interesting enough be brought to the attention of the community-at-large; it is considered to be a great honor within the community. It is commonly known as a DD.[9]

Features

Several forums and a shoutbox exist within DeviantArt. Users can enter their longitude and latitude, and locate other deviants living nearby. (This feature is currently disabled.)

User pages

Every user has a personal page at the URL http://username.deviantART.com, where username is replaced by her/his username. This page may list the user's interests, mood, hobbies and so forth. It also exhibits the deviant's four most recent works and his or her 'favourites'. Deviants may also select and display their most prized work as a 'Featured Deviation'. Each deviant can edit their own public journal. The journal is similar to a blog in that a deviant may write an entry and it will be displayed on their user page. Journals are very useful for expressing the thoughts of a user, or the soon to occur events that would affect his/her watchers. Another feature of the User page is the commentary that may be supplied by the user or other members. This allows for thanks, public hellos, and so forth.

As of November 2007, users have the option to create folders. These folders allow deviant art users to customize their gallery. The folders can consist of deviations from various categories or different styles. These folders are used to make various deviations more accessible.[10]

Favourites

Any user may add another user's deviation to their favourites. This will place the deviation on that user's favourites on their personal page where the user can view it at any time. Other users can view anyone's favourites also giving the original artist extra exposure. Folders can be made in the favourites section, where the user can name the folder and put deviations in it, organizing their favourites. A recently added feature ("Collection") allows deviations to be instantly added by clicking and dragging it, which will bring up the folders, which the user can drop the deviation into. Another new feature allows deviants to view others' Collections via a link in the main toolbar. Users may choose to display the most recent two-four favourites, or randomly display two-four of their selected favourites on their userpage.

DeviantWatch

Users can add any user to a watchlist called DeviantWatch (or DevWatch), unless the watcher has been blocked by the user selected to be watched. Doing so will cause the watcher to be notified every time anyone on their watch list submits a new piece of art, submits a new journal entry, or, more recently, submits a News article; one can also select to be notified of the submission of scraps. These notifications may be toggled in the 'Friends List', where deviants are also allowed to group or remove watched deviants. [11]

Message Centre

When a user is watching a deviant, has submitted a work, or is participating in a note, a link is provided on the bar which is supporting the user's name, logout button, and collect option. It will distincly give a number followed by either "deviation/s," "message/s," or "note/s." By pressing the link with "deviation," the user is brought to a page which lists all new deviations of those they are watching. This is one of the three parts of what is known as the "message centre." Once there, the user may press the title of a work, view it, comment or favorite, and return to the message centre to mark work as "read." Also on that page are the options "Delete all..." and "Select all."

After finishing up on the new deviation page, the user may either hit one of the tabs near the top of the page or hit the link provided on the previously mentioned bar. There are then only two other options: message/s or note/s. If the new message/s link/tab is selected, a list of comments, journals, polls, and news submissions is provided. The list of comments show members' comments on the user's works, user page, or journals, or replies to the user's comments on someone else's journal, work, or user page. By pressing the link marked by the word "comment" followed by a number sign and a series of numbers, the user will be directly taken to the comment. After replying to the comment, the mention of it is instantly removed from the user's message centre. By hitting the title of a journal, the user is taken to the journal to read and comment. However, much unlike the comment section, once the journal is read or commented upon, the user must go to the message centre and remove it by hand. By this process of deletion by hand, any unwanted comments, journals, polls, and news article links can be removed instantly. A final feature of this comment tab is the box at the very bottom of the page that provides a link to any new notes that the user has received.

Though it is possible to simply select the note tab or the note link in the box towards the top of the page, this extra feature allows to user to know immediately who sent the note and what the subject of it is. If it is undesirable to access the note at that particular moment, it may be ignored or removed from the message centre. The problem is that this will not permanently delete the note. It will still reside in the user's note section. The user must access this section to remove it or organize it into a file. The creation of files in the note section is a special feature that would allow a system of organization in the user's inbox.

News articles

Users can write news articles to report about contests, events, interesting news, external links, or even just a collection of artwork they want to display. DeviantArt makes a strict point about what is and is not news, and what should be left in user's personal journal. When a deviant posts a news article, his or her "watchers" receive a notification in their Message Centre. Administrators post official news articles through this system as well, and they are sometimes delivered to the whole community's Message Centre.

Forums

DeviantArt has a series of forums. Some are more generalized, such as the Deviants forum, which allows any deviant to post a thread about whatever he or she would like. Some forums, like the DeviantArt Status Forum, restrict posting by anybody other than an administrator. There are also specific forums, such as the Beta Tester Feedback Forum and the ThumbShare Forum, which zero in on certain ideas.

AdCast

There is also an AdCast program, for advertising art and community-related products/pages at a discounted rate.[12]

Subscription

DeviantArt offers a subscription based service with extra features and privileges.[13]

Subscribed Deviant features include the ability to browse the site with no advertisements, greater customization of a user's personal page, including the ability to upload the user's own Cascading Style Sheets for use in their journal. deviantMOBILE is a feature that allows most deviations to be downloaded onto one's mobile phone, though this won't work on all phones or all carriers. There are private forums and a beta testing feature for those with subscriptions. The ability to search artwork on the site with up to 120 images per page is also enabled.[13]

A subscriber "portfolio page" service is currently in development, with the competition for the creation of the portfolio page template already over. The portfolio page is intended to provide artists with a display page that appears more professional than the standard gallery. Users may use this to show potential employers their artwork.[13]

Subscriptions can be purchased in three month and one year lengths. However, some members, predominantly the staff and former staff, attain a subscription that continues "Until Hell Freezes Over", meaning that their subscription never ends.

DeviantArt Shop

File:DeviantART shop.png
Using DeviantArt Shop, users can sell their artwork for a profit.

This feature was originally DeviantArt Prints. Users who have bought a prints account for an annual fee of $24.95 USD (originally it was a one-time fee) may sell their work, printed onto a variety of media such as mugs, jigsaw puzzles, canvases, calendars, mouse pads, coasters, postcards, and magnets. Users earn 50% of the profits above a pre-set "base cost."[14] For example, the base price for a 4x6 inch print is $0.32. If a user sells it for $2.00, he would get $0.84. A user who does not have a standard prints account would get $0.32, the pre-set price for 4x6s.

Prints II, the newest remake of the system, will be launched in stages, the first having already taken place in November 2006. New features include a basic print account for all members (paying print account owners with added features), new products available such as T-Shirts, and an annual fee instead of the original one-time fee.[15]

DeviantArt Messaging Network

The DeviantArt Messaging Network (or "dAmn") is the real-time chat system implemented on DeviantArt version 4 on August 7, 2004.[16] Through dAmn users can join one of many existing channels and also create their own. It is based on a proprietary protocol and chat server application, much like Internet Relay Chat, and is not compatible with other chat systems. The client end is either a Flash or Java application, or Mozilla extension for server communication, coupled with a JavaScript backend to handle the messages.

Only hours after the release dAmn, the protocol had been reverse engineered and publicized. The same night, a first working Perl client was made available.[17] Today users have a choice of clients for various operating systems, written in different languages, and with more or improved features over the official client. The official client, while flash/java based, has limited cross-browser support. Very few Opera users, for example, report any success in using it. Firefox is seemingly the most compatible browser for viewing the site.

Chat rooms on dAmn are referred to with a number sign before their name. Some channels host events and have live interviews with artists. There are official chat rooms on the DeviantArt messaging network, some of which include #devart and #help. "#devart" is the name of the official channel of the site, and as a direct result tends to contain the greatest user volume. The number of channels has increased significantly since then. #help is the official DeviantArt assistance channel. It is meant to act as an instant form of DeviantArt's Help Desk, providing users with various forms of site-related aid instead of using email. #help is known for being operated by volunteers from the site itself.[7]

RSS feeds and Pasties

DeviantArt is becoming more integrable with blogs through the use of RSS feeds and "Pasties". These features allow a user to post content on their blog(s) that will update as they submit new deviations to DeviantArt. Pasties can be modified to show a user's favourites, recent submissions, a particular category of artwork, and more. RSS also allows anyone to subscribe to gallery feeds so they can be notified when their favorite artists submit new deviations.[8]

SitBack

The newest feature on DeviantArt is a slide-show application called SitBack. Launched as a public alpha on November 5, 2008, the new feature allows DeviantArt users to view pictures on a pop-up slide-show player by clicking on a projector screen button within browse and search pages, the collections page, the channels page, footer channels, the Daily Deviations page, and deviants' galleries, favourites and collections. SitBack also features crossfade transitions, panning effects, keyboard shortcuts, and URL sharing. It currently does not display films, Flash animations, literature, and DeviantWatch feeds.[18]

Growth

On November 14, 2006, DeviantArt gave its users the option to submit their works under Creative Commons licenses giving the artists the right to choose how their works can be used.[19]

On September 30, 2007, a film category was added to DeviantArt, allowing artists to upload videos. An artist and other viewers can add annotations to sections of the film, giving comments or critiques to the artist about a particular moment in the film.[20]

Versions

DeviantArt has been revising the site in versions, releasing multiple features at once. After version 2, versions were released on the date of site's birthday, August 7, excluding Version 6.

Version 2, released on February 5, 2002. In version 2, browsing was made easier.[21]

Version 3, released on August 7, 2003.[22]

Version 4, released on August 7, 2004. In version 4, the chat client called dAmn was added to the site.[16]

Version 5 was released on August 7, 2006.[23] In version 5, each deviant has a Prints account, through which they may sell prints of their works for money, receiving 20% of the profits. Users can also obtain Premium Prints Account offering 50% of the profits and an immediate check of material submitted for sales. Before version 5 of DeviantArt, users did not have by default access to this service and it had to be obtained separately. By paying for a subscription, a deviant could also sell their work for 50% of each sale.

Version 6, released on July 10, 2008. In this revision, the message center, front page and footer were revamped. Users are now able to customize the deviantART navigation toolbar. The design style of the site was slightly modified as well.[24]

User symbols

All deviants on DeviantArt are referred to by their given username, which is preceded by a user symbol. The symbols are listed below. (Note that some of the symbols listed below are no longer in use.)[25]

Symbol Type of User Description
~ Member A registered user
* Subscriber A user who has paid for a subscription
= Official Beta Tester A subscriber who participates in the beta testing program
` Senior Member A member recognized by staff as a positive contributor to the DeviantArt community. Senior membership may be revoked, reassigning the member to a normal member or subscriber. Also, former staff typically retain senior membership.
° Alumni Staff Former Core Staff member
# Art Group Member No longer in use, except for a few inactive accounts. The "#" symbol now refers to a channel (chatroom) in the DeviantArt Messaging Network.
£ "Minister" of DeviantArt The summitgroup, dAPresents, prints-products, and deviantWEAR accounts are the only current Ministers. This symbol was introduced as part of the 2004 April Fools' Day joke, which claimed that British staff members took over DeviantArt, resulting many Non-British staff members bearing a "Banned Member" symbol next to their name, while British staff members received the £ symbol.[26]
@ Message Network Administrator Administrators of the DeviantArt Message Network (dAmn), forums, and the "shoutbox".
© Copyright & Etiquette Administration Staff Responsible for banning users, removing art, and handling policy and etiquette cases
% DeviantArt Prints Team Originally responsible for prints and other shop specific duties, including quality control, however, all of these users now have $
+ General Staff Used for various positions, which originally included News Administrator and some programming/coding staff. This symbol is not used as much anymore.
¢ Creative Staff Responsible for creation of artistic assets for the site; some users are considered consultants.
^ Gallery Director Volunteer staff members responsible for overseeing a particular sub-gallery or category of DeviantArt (e.g. photography, fan art, anime); have the privilege of selecting the Daily Deviation awards for their category; must ensure that uploaded images are classified correctly.
$ Core Administrator Employees of DeviantArt, responsibilities include but are not limited to IT development, Volunteer staff management, help desk support and/or policy violation administration.
! Banned or Closed Account Either the account has been banned for more than a month (bans under one month in length are called 'suspensions' and do not affect the user symbol); user page is replaced by a ban notice. Banned users can log in and read their messages. They cannot submit art, write journals, or add favourites while banned.

DeviantArt Summit

File:Das05-palladium-1-x768.jpg
The Hollywood Palladium while hosting the first annual DeviantArt Summit.

On June 17 and June 18, 2005, DeviantArt held their first convention, the DeviantArt Summit, at the Palladium in the Hollywood area of Los Angeles, California, United States. The summit consisted of several exhibitions by numerous artists, including artscene groups old and new at about 200 different booths. Giant projection screens displayed artwork as it was being submitted live to DeviantArt, which receives 50,000 new images daily.[3] The summit also hosted various art-related workshops and seminars.[27]

Leaders of DeviantArt had hoped to hold a new summit each year; however, no plans were ever made for a 2006 Summit. This may be due to lack of interest, money, or inability to find a location. It should be noted that despite a big turn out, only a tiny percentage of the DeviantArt population actually attended the summit. No official plans regarding future summits have been announced yet.[citation needed]

Criticism

DeviantArt has been subject to numerous criticisms within its community.

Due to the impractical nature of researching the copyright status of every artwork submission, there are copyright violations that remain unnoticed until a user has reported it as a policy violation.[28] Many users are not aware of the copyright policies.

Termination of Scott Jarkoff

On July 29, 2005, co-founder Scott Jarkoff was terminated from DeviantArt staff, angering members of the community.[29][30] Various statements by DeviantArt regarding the issue have portrayed his termination as necessary. Many users[who?] reject this assertion.[29] With Matthew Stephens' resignation in 2003, supporters of Scott Jarkoff assert that now neither of the founders remain in DeviantArt's administration. In contrast, Sotira insists he was a founder, and also the first full time working staff member of the DeviantArt administration. The DeviantArt administration has been generally tight-lipped throughout the incident, due to legal restraints.[29]

Various campaigns have sprung up in support of Scott Jarkoff, including the "Bring Back The Community" campaign, "Save The Alien", and "Yellow Day" (because Jarkoff was known as the "yellow alien"; Jarkoff's mascot) which was carried out by many of Scott Jarkoff's supporters.[31]

On July 31, 2005, Sotira posted an official response to explain the situation.[29] The response to this entry was mixed. Jarkoff also posted an explanation on his personal website.[30]

On October 7, 2007, Jarkoff wrote a journal in which he complained about his video getting deleted due to a copyright violation.[32] On October 13, 2007, Sotira responded,[33] claiming that Jarkoff lied about his role in DeviantArt's development and that Jarkoff did nothing on the site in the beginning and that he was the one who fired Matthew Stephens in 2003. Sotira also proves[citation needed] that he was the first full-time working DeviantArt staff. He accuses Jarkoff of hypocrisy by saying that Jarkoff still owns shares of DeviantArt stock. Jarkoff claimed he needed money to sue Sotira for wrongful termination, and even went so far as to set up a fund for it, but Sotira claims that in reality, he had more than enough money to cover any legal costs for any lawsuits. Sotira implies that Jarkoff defrauded people through his legal fund and that he fired Jarkoff in the first place because he didn't do a sufficient job as chief software engineer.[34] The reaction to this news was very supportive and in favor of Sotira.[33] Jarkoff has yet to post a reaction.

See also

References

  1. ^ "DeviantART: Terms of Service". Retrieved 2008-01-05.
  2. ^ "DeviantArt, Inc." Businessweek Investing. Accessed November 9, 2008.
  3. ^ a b Ressner, Jeffrey (October 19, 2006). "The Newest Time Waster: Line Rider". Time Magazine. Retrieved 2006-12-12.
  4. ^ DeviantArt attracts almost 40m visitors online yearly
  5. ^ Angelo Sotira (2003-04-10). "spyed's DeviantART Journal". Retrieved 2007-12-22.
  6. ^ "DeviantART: About DeviantART's Team Core". Retrieved 2007-12-21.
  7. ^ a b "FAQ #294: What is dAmn? on DeviantART Help and FAQ". Retrieved 2007-12-21.
  8. ^ a b "FAQ #561: What is a Pastie? on DeviantART Help and FAQ". Retrieved 2007-12-21.
  9. ^ "FAQ #61: What is a Daily Deviation? on DeviantART Help and FAQ". Retrieved 2007-12-21.
  10. ^ "FAQ #76: What is the DeviantWatch? on DeviantART Help and FAQ". Retrieved 2007-12-21.
  11. ^ "FAQ #739: What is AdCast? on DeviantART Help and FAQ". Retrieved 2007-12-21.
  12. ^ a b c "DeviantART: Subscription". Retrieved 2007-12-21.
  13. ^ "FAQ #124: How much of each sale do I get? on DeviantART Help and FAQ". Retrieved 2007-12-24.
  14. ^ "News: Prints II Launch". 2006-11-22. Retrieved 2007-12-24.
  15. ^ a b "News: DeviantART v4; Fournando be dAmned". Retrieved 2007-12-21.
  16. ^ The dAmn Interoperability Project – a project creating open source and free clients and specifications for dAmn
  17. ^ "Forum: SitBack Slide-Show Player Application". Retrieved 2008-11-05.
  18. ^ "News: New Submission Process...LIVE!". Retrieved 2007-12-21.
  19. ^ "News: Now Playing: DeviantART Film!". Retrieved 2007-12-21.
  20. ^ "News: OMG OMG OMG". 2002-02-05. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
  21. ^ "News: DeviantART Passes The Terrible Twos, Turns Three!". Retrieved 2007-12-21.
  22. ^ Angelo Sotira. "Spyed's DeviantART Journal: DeviantART v5 Release Notes". Retrieved 2007-12-21.
  23. ^ deviantART, Inc. "News: deviantART Version 6". Retrieved 2008-07-10.
  24. ^ "FAQ #106: What are the symbols in front of each deviants nickname? on DeviantART Help and FAQ". Retrieved 2007-12-21.
  25. ^ "April Fools: The British own DeviantART.com". Retrieved 2007-12-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dat= ignored (help)
  26. ^ "News: The 2005 DeviantART Summit". Retrieved 2007-12-21.
  27. ^ "FAQ #155: How do I report a submission which I think breaks the rules? on DeviantART Help and FAQ". Retrieved 2008-01-08.
  28. ^ a b c d "spyed's DeviantART Journal: A Response". 2005-08-03. Retrieved 2007-12-27.
  29. ^ a b "Jarkolicious :: Involuntary Termination". 2005-08-03. Retrieved 2007-12-27.
  30. ^ Scott Jarkoff (2005-09-05). "Jark's DeviantART Journal". Retrieved 2007-12-22.
  31. ^ "Jark's DeviantART Journal - DeviantART Summit Never Before Seen Footage". 2007-10-07. Retrieved 2007-12-27.
  32. ^ a b "Comment by Spyed on Jark's DeviantART Summit Never Before Seen Footage". 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2008-01-06.
  33. ^ "DeviantART: Comment on DeviantART Summit Never Before Seen Footage by Jark". Retrieved 2007-12-22.

Further reading

Note: The summit was held Friday and Saturday, contrary to how the second paragraph of the Wired article reads.
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