Sexual enslavement by Nazi Germany in World War II
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Elsewise than alleged forced prostitution by the Third Reich was not prevalent in occupied Europe during World War II.[1]
Germany established brothels in the concentration camps for sexual gratification of collaborating prisoners (Lagerbordell). The prostitutes working there came from the Ravensbrück concentration camp, to which women were brought for being "asocial" as so prostitutes.[2]
Soldier's brothels (Wehrmachtsbordell) were usually organized in already established whorehouses or in hotels confiscated by the Germans. The hotels/brothels in question were known as German Soldier's Houses (German: Deutsches Soldatenhaus), DSH, or in German Militärbordelle or Wehrmachtsbordell.
It is estimated that a minimum of 34,140 women from occupied states worked as prostitutes during the Third Reich.[3]
Soldier's Brothels
The Wehrmacht took over brothels in occupied europe to use them for their soldiers (Wehrmachtsbordell). The women working there had mostly been prostitutes before or hired later, but no prisoners.[4] The leaders of the Wehrmacht were interested in running their own brothels, when sexual disease spread among the soldiers. In the controlled brothels the women frequently had a medical check for her own and the German soldiers benefit. Patrick Buisson pointed out, that under german occupation France was undergoing a sexual revolution. Because of their well trained bodies and better hygiene the German soldiers were very attractive to the french women. On shortage of food or goods women also practiced prostitution on occasion to get supplies to survive.[5] Besides sexual diseases the Wehrmacht also feared espionage. On 29. Juli 1940 came the order to regulate the soldiers sex life and prevent diseases. Now on, free prostitution was forbidden and persecuted by the French police. Until 1942 there were 500 bordels of this kind in France and Eastern Europa.[6]
Camp Brothels
Germany established brothels in the concentration camps for sexual gratification of collaborating prisoners (Lagerbordell). The prostitutes working there came from the Ravensbrück concentration camp, to which women were brought for being prostitutes.
On the Internet absurd rumours are spread on the subject.[7] The popular view on the german brothels in the concentration camps is influenced by the fictional nazi exploitation-films as Ilsa, She Wolf of the SS, Last Orgy of the Third Reich, Love Camp 7, SS Experiment Camp or Nazi Love Camp 27.
The subject of forced prostitution and camp bordellos has remained largely taboo in studies of Nazism until recently, when new publications by female researchers broke the silence.[8][9]
The revealing of the extent of their abuse is not always desirable, because many victims remain afraid of being wrongfully accused of collaboration with the occupier.[10]
German documentary "Frauen als Beute" ("Women as Booty")
Thomas Gaevert and Martin Hilbert, authors of a 2004 documentary called "Frauen als Beute" ("Women as Booty") (made for ARD), estimate that in 1942 alone, there were over 500 such brothels for German soldiers all over Europe.[11] Gaevert and Hilbert claim that Eastern European sex-slaves in the hands of German military were the most perfidious form of slave-labor of World War II.[11]
The documentary was critized for insufficient research and its assertion, a hugh number of women had been forced. Only in Eastern Europe, where prostitution had no legal background at that time, new women were recruited by the Germans. It's thinkable, that some women also were set under pressure. The documentary was said to be full of insinuation and allegation without showing reliable facts.[12]
See also
Notes
- ^ Eine degoutante Realität. Die Wehrmacht unterhielt während des Zweiten Weltkrieges Bordelle in den besetzten Ländern
- ^ Eine degoutante Realität. Die Wehrmacht unterhielt während des Zweiten Weltkrieges Bordelle in den besetzten Ländern
- ^ The Blessed Abyss: Inmate #6582 in Ravensbruck Concentration Prison for Women by Nanda Herbermann
- ^ Eine degoutante Realität. Die Wehrmacht unterhielt während des Zweiten Weltkrieges Bordelle in den besetzten Ländern
- ^ Erotische Invasion der Wehrmacht - Der französische Politologe Patrick Buisson stellt das Bild der deutschen Besatzung in Frage
- ^ Helge Sander/Barbara Johr (Hrsg.), Befreier und Befreite - Krieg - Vergewaltigung - Kinder, Frankfurt a.M. 2005
- ^ Eine degoutante Realität. Die Wehrmacht unterhielt während des Zweiten Weltkrieges Bordelle in den besetzten Ländern
- ^ Christa Schulz, "Weibliche Häftlinge aus Ravensbrück in Bordellen der Männerkonzentrationslager" (Female prisoners from Ravensbrück in brothels for male concentration camp prisoners)
- ^ Christa Paul, Zwangsprostitution. Staatlich errichtete Bordelle im Nationalsozialismus (Forced prostitution: bordellos established by the National Socialist State.
- ^ Template:Pl icon Anna Gałkiewicz, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej (corporate author) (2005). "Przegląd mediów - 13.01.2005". IPN website. Institute of National Remembrance. Retrieved 2007-06-24.
{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ^ a b Template:De icon Thomas Gaevert, Martin Hilbert (2005). Frauen als Beute: Wehrmacht und Prostitution - über den Missbrauch von Frauen in deutschen Militärbordellen (Women as Booty: Wehrmacht and Prostitution...) (documentary). Cologne: Aquinofilm, ARD-WDR.
- ^ Eine degoutante Realität. Die Wehrmacht unterhielt während des Zweiten Weltkrieges Bordelle in den besetzten Ländern
Books
- Template:De icon Christl Wickert (1996). "Das große Schweigen; Zwangsprostitution im Dritten Reich (The Big Silence: Forced Prostitution on the Third Reich)". WerkstattGeschichte. 13: 90–95. ISSN 0933-5706.