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Keglević family

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The House of Keglević is a Croatian noble family originally from Dalmatia.

Coat of arms of the House of Keglević de Buzin since 1494.
Coat of arms of the House of Keglević de Porychane until 1490. de gueules à deux fasces d'argent. Gules, two bars argent. with a lion holding a sun, see also: Lion and Sun


1322-1555

The first known ancestor was Peter de genere Percal, a castle lord, who was mentioned in a supreme court verdict in Dalmatia about the right to judge in a case about grazing rights in a village in the year 1322 and his family was explicitly called nostra nobilissima familia (our most noble family). The offsprings of Peter de genere Percal's son Xegal, Kegal or Kegel called themselves Keglevich, Keglević or Keglevics and were of until the mid 1600's mostly in Croatia.[1]

The relatives of the family in the 13th, 14th and 15th century were:[2]


Petar Keglević was from 1521 to 1522 captain and later ban of Jajce, in 1526 some months before the battle of Mohács he got the jus gladii, he took not part in the battle of Mohács, he came too late to the battle of Mohács, he was from 1533 to 1537 the royal commissary for Croatia and Slavonia as attorney general and he was from 1537 to 1542 the ban of Croatia and Slavonia.


1770-1900

critical weekly magazine Theater History of Vienna from 1774 sold in a Barber surgeon bookstore.

Alexander Keglević was in the year 1770/71 rector of the University of Trnava[3], it began the moving of the University into the Royal Palace Buda Castle with the permission of Maria Theresa of Austria, it was moved in 1777 to Buda and finally to Pest in 1784.

Francis Keglević was the husband of the sister of the director of the court theater Hoftheater Burgtheater in Vienna Wenzel count Sporck and became in 1773 chairman of the committee for financing the court theater Hoftheater in Vienna.[4] They both, Wenzel and Francis, were relieved of their duties in 1776, because they listed a French play. Today's Burgtheater was renamed by the Emperor in German National Theater, after which the staff of the theater proclaimed the artist Republic. And Francis moved with his family to Bratislava, see Peace of Bratislava. Alexander moved in 1777 to Buda. Francis had among other things also a trading house in Trieste. Francis' sister was married to Karl von Zinzendorf, she moved in the year 1776 with her family to Trieste.

Charles Keglević became in the same year 1773 director of the city theater Theater am Kärntnertor in Vienna.[5]

Keglević, today it is not known whether Francis or Charles, has financed a variety of expenses of Maria Theresa of Austria, which supposedly should have been returned by the theater fund.[6]

Babette born Keglević, today it is not known whose daughter she was, whether Francis' or Charles', was a student of Ludwig van Beethoven in Vienna.[7] Babette moved to Bratislava. Perhaps she was the daughter of Francis, because Charles with his family stayed in Vienna at that time. It is also possible, that she was the daughter of Alexander, and that she was just visiting the school in Vienna.

Charles' son John Keglević (magister pincernarum 1839-1847, knight of the papal Order of Christ), who died in 1856, was in 1812 at an age of 26 years one of the co-founder of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde (Society of Music Friends) in Vienna known as the Musikverein (Music Association) and one of the permanent members of its committee.[8]

Surely another John Keglević (magister curiae regis 1847-1860, a similar function to a Lord Chancellor), who was as old as Charles' son John, married in a village in the Banat Josefa born Hadaly from Bratislava.[9] In December 1847 Archduke Stephen, Palatine of Hungary, visited the youth at the Hungarian Parliament and said, it would be there like in a Jewish school.[10] Perhaps, he was only envious, because in Vienna was still the undemocratic totalitarian Metternich-regime and so he became the last Palatine of Hungary until 1848. The old constitution before 1848 was, that if the King or the Palatine neglected to convene the Parliament, then the magister curiae regis had the right to convene the Parliament to elect a new Palatine, until then the magister curiae regis practiced the presidency, see Lajos Kossuth. Fact is, that Kossuth did not dare to punish anyone ever.[11] Some years later after 1849/49 some descendants of Alexander Keglević (see above) moved from Budapest to Osijek. The Germans were thinking about strategical changes in Europe, if it would come to a war, and how the race of Germans could profit of it, and the Germans wrote The Communist Manifesto in 1847 and published some very rude books in 1848.[12]

Parts of the opposition have founded in 1844 a protection association, to protect the sales market of the Hungarian industrial products through dubious undemocratic totalitarian tendencies and to prohibit any imports into Hungary.

Some years later in 1847, after the foreign critics on this protection association of the opposition became much too unpolite, Gábor Keglevich (magister tavernicorum regalium 1842-1848, a similar function to a Lord High Treasurer) and some others founded a financing association to finance the Hungarian industry and to protect the return of the credits to the industry and to hold the market open instead to isolate it, how the opposition it wanted. It was a very interesting idea and Gábor gave a lot of interviews to foreign journalists, and decades later it was a very similar finance protection association in Austria founded, called Kreditschutzverband von 1870. The Hungarians have made a revolution in 1848.


In the town next to the village in the Banat, where John and Josefa had married, it became for everyone allowed to learn how to play violin or flute without to pay anything for it, this was something very new and a lot of people from everywhere, mostly Germans, came there to the Banat to learn how to play violin or flute. Such same names of same old persons, like this both Johns sons of Francis and Charles, are possible to find very often during the 19th century in this family, it complicates any serious genealogy, if polygamy doesn't want to be suspected. Their son Istvan Keglevich began importing Indian tea "Maharaja" into Hungary[13], because his mother was born Hadaly de Hada with origin from a prominent Persian family of an Indian maharaja from that time India and Pakistan today, see articles Hada (clan) and Károly Hadaly de Hada. With Indian tea was drinking schnapps, and Istvan began producing vodka in Trieste and the business has developed and created a by shares limited company, which paid contract-licenses to Istvan, and the shares were sold, see article Keglevich. The other Istvan, son of Charles' son John, was a politician and sold lottery to the army[14], he was a collector of old books and he gave as a gift to the Emperor a picture book without text, but worked with a lot of gold. This book is today in the Austrian National Library. The censorship was very bizarre and very expensive. There were at least two different Istvan Keglevich. However, there were two different Istvan, as had previously been two different John. There were also at least two different Francis, one Francis was the son of Francis, who was the son of Miklos. This Miklos Keglevich was a politician, he married Elisabeth born Stefanits in the year 1815 in a village in Burgenland and he died in the year 1848. Stephen son of Istvan got money from the other Francis, who was from Banat and then from Budapest and later from Croatia, to relinquish his rights to inheritance the vodka production in Trieste in favor of Francis' sister Stephen's cousin, because she had married an Italian. About this Francis Keglević the newspapers in Subotica has been writing in 1896 how he has been in Budapest with a Serbian flag, but on the pictures is Istvan with the Serbian flag.


World War I

Francis Keglević was a wholesaler of pigs and of pork and he supplied the armies with pork. Among the pig-breeders families were not only relatives of him, some of them with the same surname Keglević, but also other families like Karađorđević and Obrenović.[15] The pigs were bred in Serbia, to Hungary sent to fattening, back to Serbia processed in a canning factory and then exported to Western Europe. A single canning factory was designed for about 100'000 pigs per year. There were several canning factories, not only in Serbia.[16] He financed the privately funded so-called "green squad" (Grüner Kader, zeleni kadar)[17] of deserters, which was formed of deserters and also formed of Russian soldiers that have been freed out of Austro-Hungarian war prison, because of compassion and because of the constitution, so it came to the name "green squad", because this was the name of the bodyguard [1] of the Emperor of Russia.[18] see:Pig War (Serbia) The father of the wife of his son was an industrialist from Czechia and supplied the submarines with motors, they also died in the same year as Francis. Some people, who had formerly known this Francis or had heard about him during his lifetime, remembered on him as the most famous in history unmentioned politician, as much others, too, whose idea was a Republic of Yugoslavia, but he died before the end of World War I. After Francis died during the World War I, the privately funded "green squad" protected Francis' goods. The main gathering place of the "green squad" was in a village near the mouth of the river Mura into the river Drava unnoticed far from the road. Someone like Jelačić could not have come into Hungary, what in 1918 also the regular troops recognized and the Austro-Hungarian general from Zagreb was sent to consultations to Vienna, because of this unexpected and unnoticed gathering place of deserters and among these deserters not only Croats, but also Russians, Ukrainians and Romanians.[19] The general sent a telegram to Zagreb in 1918, that the train traffic must remain absolutely free, because otherwise, he feared, the undisciplined soldiers would as a wild horde devastate the country.[20] But the "green squad" still remained just to wait and to protect the goods of the pork supplier. They had every day something to eat, unlike many others at that time. After the "green squad" has been sent home with the help of friends of Francis in Vienna and in Carinthia in 1920, Francis' fields have been given to the peasantry. The former Keglević-square in Zagreb was after the World War I renamed in Place de la République Française and the former unnamed street next to this square was named in street of the Republic of Austria. The lobbying at the peace conference in Paris under the Belgrade-appointed Yugoslav Prefect Pandurovitch, it is said to have included two great Hungarian landowners, Count Paul Keglevich and Ivan Draskovich, in addition to the leading Baranya jurist Tivadar Andrits, a former member of the Hungarian Parliament.[21] Laszlo Pandurovitch certainly did not know this Paul Keglevich personally. Živko Petričić a far relative of Paul Keglevich was the chief-negotiator of the Yugoslav peoples committee of the Croatian Parliament with the Government of Hungary. Paul Keglevich was one of the grandsons of the wholesaler of pork Francis Keglevich and was at that time about 7 years old. The great-grandmother of this Paul Keglevich was negotiating with him and noone has ever inherited anything, that once had belonged to this Francis Keglevich, not even the house, where they lived until then and then moved from there, and not even the hotel and restaurant in the center of Prague, which the wife of Francis' son, Paul's mother, had brought as dowry into the marriage. And they did not get any indemnity in money for that. Nothing means nothing. And then suddenly unexpectedly was there no gold any more, no pork wholesale any more, no food supplies to Austria any more[22], no Keglevich-lottery[23] any more, no loans from abroad to the financier of the deserters any more. And it came to a hyperinflation after WWI of over 10000%. Baron Max Wladimir von Beck travelled from Vienna to Croatia to visit this Paul, but he was not successful to change his opinion. It stayed at: "Nothing means nothing.". This Paul Keglevich is not to be confound with the brandy producer Paul Keglevich in Vienna.[24] After Baron Max Wladimir von Beck came back from his journey to Croatia, it came to an inquiry in Hungary on this Committee of Pandurovitch, because Pandurovitch was an Austro-Hungarian officer. The members of his alleged Committee Iván Gróf Draskovich, Pál Gróf Keglevich, Tivadar Andric, Vladimir Stojcsics and Koszó Gyorgyevics were summoned, but the two alleged counts Draskovich and Keglevich quickly disappeared again, it was not established their true identity.[25] It was not unexpected, because Geza Mattachich-Keglevich had been arrested and imprisoned for four years (1898-1902) for forgery, because he was not the stepson of Oskar Keglevich.[26] This is easy to understand, because in Austria canning factories have been built by the military[27] and not by international consortia or private persons, like in Hungary, Czechia, Serbia, Croatia, Italy and other countries. This was a huge difference. Josip Broz Tito claimed for himself to be maybe an illegitimate son of this Francis Keglević, too.


Flags

It is an old law, because over certain borders it is not allowed with certain flags, and the House of Keglević was on the borders.


Peace treaties

  • 1358: Treaty of Zadar. The family de genere Percal was mentioned in this peace treaty. Moreover, the Doge of the Most Serene Republic of Venice has gave up on the title of a Croatian and Dalmatian duke.
  • 1699: Treaty of Karlowitz. Moreover, it was agreed a border and it was explicitly mentioned in this peace treaty, which property, that border with the border, the House of Keglević has on both sides of the border.

See also



Template:Titled noble families in the Kingdom of Hungary


Sources

  1. ^ Acta Keglevichiana annorum 1322 - 1527: najstarije isprave porodice Keglevića do boja na Muhačkom polju, Vjekoslav Klaić, 1917.
  2. ^ Pierer's Universal-Lexikon der Vergangenheit und Gegenwart: oder, Neuestes encyclopädisches Wörterbuch der Wissenschaften, Künste und Gewerbe, Volume 15, S.415, Heinrich August Pierer, 1860.
  3. ^ Ungarische Revue, Volume 11, S.53, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, Franklin-Verein, 1891.
  4. ^ Alt und Neu Wien: Geschichte der österreichischen Kaiserstadt, Band 2, von Karl Eduard Schimmer, Horitz Bermann, Wien 1904, Seite 215
  5. ^ Katalog der Portrait-Sammlung der k.u.k. General-Intendanz der k.k. Hoftheater: zugleich ein biographisches Hilfsbuch auf dem Gebiet von Theater und Musik, Burgtheater, Wien 1892, A. W. Künast
  6. ^ Briefe an ihre Kinder und Freunde; Verfasser/in: Maria Theresa, Empress of Austria; Alfred Ritter von Arneth, Verlag: Braumüller, Wien 1881.
  7. ^ Ludwig van Beethoven's Leben, Alexander Wheelock Thayer, Hermann Deiters, Hugo Riemann, Verlag: Berlin, W. Weber, 1901-11.
  8. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des österreichischen Kaiserthumes, Verfasser/in: Austria, Verlag: Wien: Aus der k. k. Hof- und Staats-Aerarial-Druckerey, Ausgabe/Format: Zeitschrift: Nationale Regierungsveröffentlichung
  9. ^ Ortssippenbuch Jabuka (Apfeldorf), Banat: 1767-1835, 1851, 1868, Verfasser: Michael Adelhardt; Elfriede Adelhardt, Verlag: Boscolo & Königshofer, Karlsruhe 2004.
  10. ^ Aus Österreichs Vormärz, Hanns Schlitter, Amalthea Verlag, Zürich 1920
  11. ^ Graf Ludwig Batthyány, Arthur Görgei, Ludwig Kossuth: Politische Charakterskizzen aus dem ungarischen Freiheitskriege, S.69, Bartholomaus Szemere, Hoffman & Campe, 1853.
  12. ^ Erzherzog Stephan, Palatin von Ungarn, und über die Verflechtung der Geschicke Ungarns mit den Geschicken Deutschlands, E. von Langsdorff, Paul Neff Stuttgart 1848.
  13. ^ Strategy in Context, p.81, author: Neil Thomson, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.
  14. ^ Österreichische militärische Zeitschrift, Verlag: Kaiserl. Königl. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien 1860-1870
  15. ^ The Coming of the First World War, p.26, Robert John Weston Evans, Hartmut Pogge von Strandmann, Oxford University Press, 1990.
  16. ^ Serbien: Geographisch, Statistisch Und Kulturgeschichtlich Dargestellt, S.170, Anton Tuma Von Waldkampf, BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008.
  17. ^ Avantgarde des Widerstands, Modellfälle militärischer Auflehnung im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, Richard Georg Plaschka, Böhlau Verlag, Wien, Graz (u.a.) 2000.
  18. ^ Kriegsgefangenschaft an der Ostfront 1914 bis 1918, Literaturbericht zu einem neuen Forschungsfeld, Reinhard Nachtigal, Lang, Frankfurt am Main, Wien [u.a.] 2005.
  19. ^ Hrvatska: 1918-2008, Ivo Goldstein, EPH Liber, Zagreb 2008
  20. ^ Milan Pajić, Vojskovođa Svetozar Boroević 1856-1920, Hrvatski državni arhiv, Zagreb 2006.
  21. ^ The Baranya dispute, 1918-1921: diplomacy in the vortex of ideologies, Leslie Charles Tihany, p.28, East European quarterly, 1978.
  22. ^ Jugoslawien und Österreich 1918-1938: bilaterale Aussenpolitik im europäischen Umfeld, S.1090, Arnold Suppan, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 1996.
  23. ^ Entwicklung und Ungleichheit: Österreich im 19. Jahrhundert, S.142, Michael Pammer, Franz Steiner Verlag, 2002.
  24. ^ Industrie-Compass: Österreich, Čechoslowakei, Jugoslavien, Ungarn, Compassverlag, 1928.
  25. ^ Huszadik Század, September 1930.
  26. ^ Leopold II of the Belgians: King of colonialism, Barbara Emerson, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1979.
  27. ^ Baudenkmäler der Technik und Industrie in Österreich: Wien, Niederösterreich, Burgenland, S.272, Manfred Wehdorn, Ute Georgeacopol-Winischofer, Böhlau Verlag Wien, 1984.
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