Trimeresurus stejnegeri
| Trimeresurus stejnegeri | |
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| File:T. stejnegeri.jpg | |
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| Species: | T. stejnegeri
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| Binomial name | |
| Trimeresurus stejnegeri Schmidt, 1925
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Trimeresurus stejnegeri is a venomous pitviper species found in India, Nepal, Burma, Thailand, China and Taiwan. Three subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.[4]
Description
Grows to a maximum total length of 75 cm, with a tail length of 14.5 cm. The males have hemipenes that are short and spinose beyond the bifurcation.[5]
Scalation: dorsal scales in 21 longitudinal rows at midbody. 9-11 upper labials, of which the first are separated from nasal scales by a distinct suture. The supraoculars are single, narrow, and sometimes divided by a transverse suture. There are 11-16 scales in a line between the supraoculars. The ventrals number 150-174 and the subcaudals 54-77, all paired.[5]
Color pattern: above bright to dark green, below pale green to whitish, the two separated by a bright bicolored orange or brown (below) and white (above) (males) or bicolored or white only (females) ventrolateral stripe, which occupies the whole of the outermost scale row and a portion of the second row.[5]
Common names
Bamboo viper, Chinese tree viper,[2] bamboo snake, Chinese green tree viper, Chinese bamboo viper, Stejneger's pit viper, Stejneger's palm viper, red tail snake,[3] Stejneger's bamboo pitviper,[6] Formosan bamboo viper (for T. gramineus formosensis), Taiwan green tree viper (for T. s. formosensis).[7]
Geographic range
Assam (India), and Nepal through Burma and Thailand to China (Kwangsi, Kwangtung, Hainan, Fukien, Chekiang, Yunnan) and Taiwan.[1] Leviton et al. (2003) also mention Vietnam.[5] The type locality was originally listed as "Shaowu, Fukien Province, China", and later emended to "N.W. Fukien Province" by Pope & Pope (1933).[1]
Subspecies
| Subspecies[4] | Taxon author[4] | Common name[6] | Geographic range[6] |
|---|---|---|---|
| T. s. chenbihuii | Zhao, 1997 | Chen's bamboo pitviper | China, Hainan Island: on Mount Diaoluo at 225-290 m elevation (Lingshui County) and on Mount Wuzhi at 500 m elevation (Qiongzhong County). |
| T. s. stejnegeri | Schmidt, 1925 | Stejneger's bamboo pitviper | China (in eastern Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong and Guangxi), Taiwan and Vietnam. |
| T. s. yunnanensis | Schmidt, 1925 | Yunnan bamboo pitviper | India (in West Bengal, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim) and Burma. |
See also
- List of crotaline species and subspecies
- Trimeresurus by common name
- Trimeresurus by taxonomic synonyms
- Crotalinae by common name
- Crotalinae by taxonomic synonyms
- Snakebite
References
- ^ a b c McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
- ^ a b Mehrtens JM. 1987. Living Snakes of the World in Color. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. ISBN 0-8069-6460-X.
- ^ a b U.S. Navy. 1991. Poisonous Snakes of the World. US Govt. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp. ISBN 0-486-26629-X.
- ^ a b c "Trimeresurus stejnegeri". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 25 May 2007. Cite error: The named reference "ITIS" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ a b c d Leviton AE, Wogan GOU, Koo MS, Zug GR, Lucas RS, Vindum JV. 2003. The Dangerously Venomous Snakes of Myanmar, Illustrated Checklist with Keys. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 54 (24): 407-462.
- ^ a b c Gumprecht A, Tillack F, Orlov NL, Captain A, Ryabov S. 2004. Asian Pitvipers. GeitjeBooks Berlin. 1st Edition. 368 pp. ISBN 3-937975-00-4.
- ^ Brown JH. 1973. Toxicology and Pharmacology of Venoms from Poisonous Snakes. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas. 184 pp. LCCCN 73-229. ISBN 0-398-02808-7.
Further reading
- Creer, S.; Malhotra, A.; Thorpe, R.S.; Chou, W.H. 2001 Multiple causation of phylogeographical pattern as revealed by nested clade analysis of the bamboo viper (Trimeresurus stejnegeri) within Taiwan. Molecular Ecology 10(8):1967-1981
- Malhotra, Anita & Roger S. Thorpe 2004 Maximizing information in systematic revisions: a combined molecular and morphological analysis of a cryptic green Pit Viper complex (Trimeresurus stejnegeri).Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 82 (2): 219
- Parkinson,C.L. 1999 Molecular systematics and biogeographical history of Pit Vipers as determined by mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. Copeia 1999 (3): 576-586
- Peng, G. & Fuji, Z. 2001 Comparative studies on hemipenes of four species of Trimeresurus (sensu stricto) (Serpentes: Crotalinae). Amphibia-Reptilia 22 (1): 113-117
- Tu, M.-C. et al. 2000 Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Biogeography of the Oriental Pit Vipers of the Genus Trimeresurus (Reptilia: ViperidaCrotalinae): A Molecular Perspective. ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE 17: 1147-1157
External links
- Viridovipera stejnegeri at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 6 December 2007.
- Trimeresurus stejnegeri at Uetz Lab. Accessed 27 September 2006.
