Council of the Islamic Revolution
The Council of the Islamic Revolution (Persian: شورای انقلاب اسلامی, Showra-ye Enghelāb Eslāmi) was a group formed by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini to manage the Iranian Revolution on 12 January 1979, shortly before he returned to Iran. "Over the next few months there issued from the council hundreds of rulings and laws, dealing with everything from bank nationalization to nurses' salaries."[1] Its existence was kept a secret during the early, less secure time of the revolution,[2] and its members and the exact nature of what the council did remained undisclosed to the public until early 1980.[3]
Overview
The Council was composed of seven religious figures associated with Khomeini, seven secular opposition figures, and two representatives of the security forces. According to Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Khomeini chose Beheshti, Motahhari, Rafsanjani, Bahonar, Mir-Hossein Mousavi and Musavi Ardabili as members. These invited others to serve: Bazargan, Taleqani, Khamenei, Banisadr, Mahdavi Kani, Yadollah Sahabi, Katirayee, Ahmad Sadr Haj Seyed Javadi, Qarani and Ali Asqr Masoodi.[4]
The council put Mahdi Bazargan forward as the prime minister of the temporary government of Iran, which Khomeini accepted.[5]
It has been described as "a parallel government" that passed laws and competed with the official Provisional Revolutionary Government[6] whose leading members had come from the council.[1]
The council served as the undisputed government of Iran from the resignation of Bazargan and the rest of the Provisional Revolutionary Government until the formation of first parliament. (6 Nov 1979 - 12 Aug 1980).[7]
Among the actions the council took was the April 1979 creation of revolutionary tribunals to try and execute enemies of the revolution;[8] nationalization of companies; the delivery of an ultimatum in April 1980 to leftists groups to leave Iranian universities. Following this, a "large number" of leftist were "killed or wounded".[9]
Members of the council were not in complete agreement as to how they wanted Iran to be governed. Abolhassan Banisadr, Ebrahim Yazdi, and Sadegh Ghotbzadeh, and the Ayatollah Mahmoud Taleghani favoured a democratic government, while Khomeini, Beheshti, and other clerics desired a constitution with a planning council but no elected parliament, as law would be based on Sharia law interpreted by mujtahid. The later vision prevailed after the assassination of Ayatollah Mutahhari and the death of Ayatollah Mahmoud Taleghani on 10 September 1979 greatly strengthened the Islamists' hand.[3]
Presidents
| # | Name | Picture | Born-Died | Took Office | Left Office | Political Party |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Morteza Motahari | 
|
1920–1979 | January 12, 1979 | May 1, 1979 | Combatant Clergy Association |
| 2 | Mahmoud Taleghani | File:Taleghani-big.jpg | 1911–1979 | May 1, 1979 | September 9 , 1979 | Freedom Movement of Iran |
| 3 | Abulhassan Banisadr | 
|
1933 - | September 9 , 1979 | February 11, 1980 | Independent |
See also
References and notes
Bibliography
- Bakhash, Shaul (1984). Reign of the Ayatollahs,. Basic Books,.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - Keddie, Nikki (2003). Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution. Yale University Press.
- Moin, Baqer (2000). Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah. Thomas Dunne Books.
Notes
- ^ a b Bakhash, Shaul, Reign of the Ayatollahs, Basic Books, 1984, p.65
- ^ during the time of Khomeini's arrival in Tehran (1 February 1979) the council was described as "secret" by Baqer Moin in his book Khomeini, p.200)
- ^ a b Momen, Moojan, An Introduction to Shi'i Islam, Yale University Press, 1985, p. 290
- ^ http://www.npc-rt.ir/eventlist-fa-1385-10-22.html
- ^ چرا و چگونه بازرگان به نخست وزیری رسید؟ The commandment of Ayatollah Khomeini for Bazargan and his sermon on February 5.
- ^ Keddie, Modern Iran, (2003) p.245
- ^ Iran, World Statesmen.
- ^ Bakhash, Shaul, Reign of the Ayatollahs, Basic Books, 1984, p.61
- ^ Keddie, Modern Iran, (2003) p.250