Jump to content

Eliot Ness

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Antifreezed Haystack (talk | contribs) at 08:19, 31 May 2011 (→Trivia). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Eliot Ness
Born(1903-04-19)April 19, 1903
Chicago, Illinois
Died(1957-05-16)May 16, 1957
Police career
DepartmentBureau of Prohibition
Cleveland Division of Police
RankChief Investigator of the Prohibition Bureau for Chicago in 1934
Director for Public Safety for Cleveland, Ohio

Eliot Ness (April 19, 1903 – May 16, 1957) was an American Prohibition agent, famous for his efforts to enforce Prohibition in Chicago, Illinois, and the leader of a legendary team of law enforcement agents nicknamed The Untouchables.[1]

Early life

Eliot Ness was born April 19, 1903 in Chicago, Illinois. He was the youngest of five siblings born to Norwegian immigrants, Peter and Emma Ness. Ness attended Christian Fenger High School in Chicago. He was educated at the University of Chicago, where he was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity, graduating in 1925 with a degree in economics. He began his career as an investigator for the Retail Credit Company of Atlanta. He was assigned to the Chicago territory, where he conducted background investigations for the purpose of credit information. He returned to the University to take a course in criminology, eventually earning a Master's Degree in the field.[2][3]

Capone's conviction

In 1926, Ness' brother-in-law, Alexander Jamie, a Bureau of Investigation agent (this became the Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI, in 1935), influenced Ness to enter law enforcement. He joined the U.S. Treasury Department in 1927, working with the 300-strong Bureau of Prohibition, in Chicago.[4]

Following the election of President Herbert Hoover, U.S. Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon was specifically charged with bringing down gangster Al Capone. The federal government approached the problem from two directions: income tax evasion and the Volstead Act. Ness was chosen to head the operations under the Volstead Act, targeting the illegal breweries and supply routes of Capone.

With Chicago's corrupted law-enforcement agents endemic, Ness went through the records of all Prohibition agents to create a reliable team, initially of 50, later reduced to 15 and finally to just eleven men called, "The Untouchables". Raids against illegal stills and breweries began immediately; within six months Ness claimed to have seized breweries worth over one million dollars. The main source of information for the raids was an extensive wire-tapping operation. An attempt by Capone to bribe Ness's agents was seized on by Ness for publicity, leading to the media nickname, "The Untouchables." There were a number of assassination attempts on Ness, and one close friend of his was killed.

The efforts of Ness and his team had a serious impact on Capone's operations, but it was the income tax evasion which was the key weapon. In a number of federal grand jury cases in 1931, Capone was charged with 22 counts of tax evasion and also 5,000 violations of the Volstead Act.[5] On October 17, 1931, Capone was sentenced to 11 years in prison, and following a failed appeal, he began his sentence in 1932.[6][7]

Career

Marker at Lake View Cemetery

Ness was promoted to Chief Investigator of the Prohibition Bureau for Chicago and in 1934 for Ohio. Following the end of Prohibition in 1933, he was assigned as an alcohol tax agent in the "Moonshine Mountains" of southern Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee; and, in 1934, he was transferred to Cleveland, Ohio. In December 1935, Cleveland mayor Harold Burton hired him as the city's Safety Director, which put him in charge of both the police and fire departments. He headed a campaign to clean out police corruption and to modernize the fire department.[8]

By 1938, Ness's personal life was completely transformed, while his career began to have some ups and downs. Ness concentrated heavily on his work, which may have been a contributing factor in his divorce from his first wife, Edna. He declared war on the mob, and his primary targets included "Big" Angelo Lonardo, "Little" Angelo Scirrca, Moe Dalitz, John Angerola and George Angersola and Charles Pollizi. Ness was also Safety Director at the time of several grisly murders that occurred in the Cleveland area from 1935 to 1938. Unfortunately, what was otherwise a remarkably successful career in Cleveland, withered gradually. Ness's critics at the time pointed to his divorces, his high-profile social drinking and his conduct in a 1942 car accident.[9]

Ness moved to Washington, D.C., in 1942, and worked for the federal government in directing the battle against prostitution in communities surrounding military bases, where venereal disease was a serious problem. In 1944, he left to become chairman of the Diebold Corporation, a security safe company based in Ohio. He ran unsuccessfully for mayor of Cleveland, in 1947. He later came to work for North Ridge Industrial Corporation, in Coudersport, Pennsylvania. Collaborating with Oscar Fraley in his last years, he co-wrote the book, The Untouchables, which was published in 1957, a month after his death at age 54, following a heart attack.[10]

Personal life

Ness was married to Edna Staley from 1929 to 1938, illustrator Evaline Ness from 1939 to 1945, and artist Elisabeth Andersen Seaver from 1946 until his death by heart attack. He had one son, Robert, adopted in 1947.[9] Ness' ashes were scattered in one of the small ponds on the grounds of Lake View Cemetery, in Cleveland.[11][12]

Legacy

A number of television programs and feature films have been made (loosely) based on his life. Some of the best-known of these include the 1950s/1960s TV series titled The Untouchables, which starred Robert Stack as Ness and which Walter Winchell narrated, and Brian De Palma's Oscar-winning film of the same title, The Untouchables, which starred Kevin Costner as Ness, and also featured Sean Connery, Robert De Niro and Andy García. Tom Amandes portrayed Ness in the short-lived TV remake of The Untouchables, which ran from 1993 to 1994.[13][14]

Trivia

Great Lakes Brewing Company of Cleveland, Ohio makes an amber lager named after Eliot Ness.[15]

A Warner Brothers cartoon loosely based on his career featured Bugs Bunny as "Elegant Mess."

References

  1. ^ FBI data on Eliot Ness through the Freedom of Information Act
  2. ^ Eliot Ness: The Real Story (Paul W. Heimel, author. Knox Books)
  3. ^ Eliot Ness(Ohio Historical Society)
  4. ^ Biography of Eliot Ness (Essortment)
  5. ^ Searching for Eliot Ness (Fedora Chronicles)
  6. ^ Eliot Ness Biography (Who2, LLC)
  7. ^ Eliot Ness 1902-1957 The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau.gov web site)
  8. ^ Eliot Ness: The Man Behind the Myth, Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.
  9. ^ a b Eliot Ness Encyclopedia of Cleveland History.
  10. ^ Whatever happened to Eliot Ness after the trial of Al Capone? (Ask Yahoo!)
  11. ^ findagrave
  12. ^ Vigil, Vicki Blum (2007). Cemeteries of Northeast Ohio: Stones, Symbols & Stories. Cleveland, OH: Gray & Company, Publishers. ISBN 978-1-59851-025-6
  13. ^ DePalma film: The Untouchables
  14. ^ TV series with Robert Stack:The Untouchables
  15. ^ Great Lakes Brewing Company: Beers

Further reading

  • Ness, Eliot; Fraley, Oscar (1957). The Untouchables. Julian Messner.
  • Rasmussen, William T. (2006). Corroborating Evidence. Sunstone Press. ISBN 0865345368.
  • Badal, James Jessen (2001). In the Wake of the Butcher: Cleveland's Torso Murders. The Kent State University Press. ISBN 0873386892.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eliot Ness.

Template:Persondata

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eliot_Ness&oldid=431789951"