User:Glrx

enThis user is a native speaker of the English language.

PhDThis user has a Doctor of Philosophy degree.

Todo

• Barcode
• Cathode
• Skin effect
• Superheterodyne receiver
• Direct-conversion receiver
• Field-programmable gate array
• Demurrer
• Dew point
• Electronic oscillator
• Frequency multiplier
• Flip-flop
• Negative resistance

• Crystal filter
• Impedance matching

http://www.freescale.com/files/rf_if/doc/app_note/AN1033.pdf

http://www.macomtech.com/Application%20Notes/pdf/an721.pdf

http://www.lansdale.com/Articles/an267.pdf

• Network analyzer
• Water hammer

• Electronic oscillator

• Coaxial cable loss

http://ecadigitallibrary.com/pdf/IWCS08/14_2.pdf

http://www.microwaves101.com/encyclopedia/Coaxloss.cfm

http://www.rfcafe.com/references/electrical/coax.htm

Rename

See Irrigation scheduling and soil moisture sensor. Following should roll into soil moisture sensor:

• Capacitance probe
• Frequency domain sensor
• Neutron probe

More information on moisture sensors:

• http://www.irrometer.com/sensors.html (model used on Davis) (Resistance sensor!)
• Electrical sensor for sensing moisture in soils, April 10, 1992 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help)

Gas discharge tube

Electric glow discharge

The typical GDT has a low pressure noble gas. For the present, assume that the electrodes do not emit any electrons. Also assume there are no ions.

Consequently, the GDT is an insulator; no current flows.

Dark current

There will be some ions created by light, cosmic rays, or radio activity. Consequently, there will be some positive ions and electrons. With no applied voltage, there is no significant drift and they recombine. Applying a voltage causes the heavy positive ions to drift toward the cathode and the light electrons to drift to the anode. Some could still recombine.

Increasing the applied voltage causes all the generated ions to be swept to the anode and cathode before they recombine. Consequently the current reaches a saturation level of I_S that stays constant as the voltage is increased.

Glow discharge

At some point, the drifting ions gather enough energy that they can generate more carriers. This region is Townsend discharge, and there are two dominant mechanisms. The first mechanism is electrons colliding with neutral atoms to generate an additional positive ion and electron. The positive ion drifts to the cathode, and the negative electron drifts to the anode. Avalanche multiplication is happening. Now there are two electrons, and each of them may gain enough energy to kick loose more electrons.

Discuss photons... Start of glow.

The second mechanism is secondary emission. When a positive ion crashes into the cathode, it may liberate another electron that will then drift to the anode (and, possibly, free more carriers).

Breakdown

Uncontrolled generation.

Switch modes.

Suggestion that secondary emission is now 1 for 1 at ignition / strike.

Extinction voltage.

GE reference says negative resistance, but Tube reference does not.

Start of thermionic emission

Local heating of the electrodes makes it easier to develop a current.

Arc discharge

Vacuum arc

Voltage becomes similar to ionization potential.

Arc discharge requires electrode emission. Thermionic or high field.

Self destruction.

Negative resistance here.

Glow character

An electric glow discharge tube featuring its most important characteristics: (a) An anode and cathode at each end (b) Aston Dark Space(c) Cathode glow (d) Cathode dark space (also called Crookes dark space, or Hittorf dark space) (e) Negative glow (f) Faraday space (g) Positive column (h) Anode glow (i) Anode dark space.

Cathode dark space.

Striations.

Faraday dark space.

Column.

Anode glow.

• http://www.glow-discharge.com/Index.php?Physical_background:Glow_Discharges
• http://www.physics.csbsju.edu/tk/370/jcalvert/dischg.htm.html
• Paschen's law
• http://www.duniway.com/images/pdf/pg/Paschen-Curve.pdf
• http://home.earthlink.net/~jimlux/hv/paschen.htm
• http://www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE234/MEMS_ESD.pdf

Dubious references

• Millman, Jacob (1958), "12 Electrical Discharges in Gases", Vacuum-tube and Semiconductor Electronics, McGraw-Hill Electrical and Electronic Engineering Series, McGraw-Hill

Has lots of detail, but does not show reorganization of gas. Has negative resistance region at Townsend breakdown; acute angle. There were other flaws.

• Ott

Ott has many flaws. May have referred to glow region as Townsend discharge. Has an arc being a metal-arc discharge and suggesting that metal ions are involved.

Neon spectra

• http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quantum/atspect2.html
• http://www.astrosurf.com/~buil/us/spe2/hresol4.htm
• http://www.cbu.edu/~jvarrian/252/emspex.html

• Lyman series
• Rydberg constant
• Rydberg atom

Stuff

I disagree with the notion that devices such as a gas discharge tube exhibit negative resistance.

Consider a non conducting gas tube just below the strike voltage. Now increase by one volt to fire the tube. If the terminal voltage is held constant, then the current increases dramatically instead of falling (as it would in a negative resistance).

If the terminal voltage is then decreased, then the current also decreases. Decrease the voltage enough, and the tube quenches. Where is the negative resistance? I see a state change and hysterisis due to that change, but I don't see a negative resistance.

The I-V characteristics are complicated. Start out with Townsend discharge that has avalanche multiplication at high end. Then there is dark discharge, glow discharge, and arc discharge. Herbert J. Reich. Noise and shielding book (which is interested in supressing arc to minimize contact damage) only does strike / glow model.

Neon lamp#Description has an I/V characteristic graph with a negative resistance region, but it is unsourced. Some technical articles suggest state change.

In contrast, if the same terminal measurements are made varying the voltage across a tunnel diode, there's a region where the voltage is increased but the current decreases.

If the independent variable is the current, then yes, there's a point where the current increases but the terminal voltage falls because the tube finally strikes. That transition, however, is also a discontinuous jump on the device IV curve. With the jump, there's no clear notion of a small signal impedance.

I don't see a nonlinearity or hysterisis implying a negative resistance.

Where's a reference that states a gas discharge tube is a negative resistance?

Does a circuit that can be broken somewhere in the feedback loop and display a negative resistance qualify? Negative resistance should not be just another word for power gain. That is the sense used in microwave oscillators, but the wizard behind the curtain is an amplifier.

Philbrick ref (page 8) says it resembles a Howland with infinite load.

Color

Calibratione

• http://www.drycreekphoto.com/Learn/monitor_calibration_tools.htm
• http://www.computer-darkroom.com/photocal/photocal_2.htm
• http://www.dansdata.com/spyder.htm

Dust removal

• Digital ICE
• Infrared cleaning

External link: http://andreas.rick.free.fr/sane/dustremove.html

http://support.nikonusa.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/16055/~/sdk-online-procedure

System and method for image recovery, May 5, 1992 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |description= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help)

Automatic cross color elimination, January 11, 1996 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |description= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help)

Articles

• Cora F. Cressey
• Defence (ship)
• Fort George (Castine, Maine)
• Kelvin bridge
• Kelvin divider
• Kelvin-Varley divider
• Category:Microwave technology
  • Lange coupler - previously deleted; investigate; Power dividers and directional couplers
  • HP E5090A 2-Port Transmission/Reflection Test Kit
  • Stripline
  • Microstrip
• Edward M. McCreight
• Strength reduction
• Polyphase merge sort

• Wavetek

Started article as stub. Within one minute, it was marked with multiple issues. Within 3 hours, marked for speedy deletion.

• Monty Hall problem

previous arb: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Monty_Hall_problem

• Murder of Kristine Fitzhugh

Notes

WP:UNDUE

WP:FRINGE Notability v Acceptance. Report on levels of acceptance.

WP:SCOIC

dubious

disputed / talk-section

disputed-section / talk-section

Wikipedia:Template messages/User talk namespace

Chemistry

• Chemical file format
• Chemical Markup Language
• http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/13804/create-chemistry-equations-and-diagrams-in-word/
• Chemical process modeling
• Process design (chemical engineering)
• Spray tower and absorption column

Cryptography

• Enigma machine
  • Battle of the Atlantic (1939–1945)
  • Cryptanalysis of the Enigma
• M-209 and Whitfield Diffie; "His Excellency Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, Brother Leader of the Revolution of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya"

1986 Berlin discotheque bombing

Crypto AG

Science & Engineering books

• Brooks, Mythical Man Month
• ???, Why Buildings Fall Down, Why Buildings Stand Up, (and others)
  • Levy, Matthys; Salvadori, Mario; Woest, Kevin (1994), Why Buildings Fall Down: How Structures Fail, W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 978-0393311525
• Bohren, Craig (2001), Clouds in a Glass of Beer, New York: Dover Publications, ISBN 9780486417387
• Amos, S. W. (1965), Principles of Transistor Circuits: Introduction to the Design of Amplifiers, Receivers and other Circuits (3rd ed.), Hayden

Explosives

• 65,000 pounds per square inch (450 MPa)
• merge Chapman–Jouguet condition with ZND model
• RDX.
  • Process of Concentrating Nitric Acid, October 15, 1914 {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |description= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help), Du Pont Nitric Acid Patent
  • Tetranitroglycoluril and method of preparation thereof, September 21, 1982 {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |description= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor3-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor3-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help), says "Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine or RDX or Hexogen was first synthesized in 1916 by Brunswig (German Pat. No. 299,028) but its value as an explosive was only recognized by Von Herz in 1920 (British Pat. No. 145 791). It came into significant use only during World War II."
    • Hunoz {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |inventor-first= and |description= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help)
    • Hunoz {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |inventor-first= and |description= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help) Can find patents before and after 104280, but not 104280.
    • Hunoz {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |inventor-first= and |description= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help) Can find patents before and after 104280, but not 104280.
    • Hunoz {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |inventor-first= and |description= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help) Can find patents before and after 104280, but not 104280.

• unknown (March 1953), Japanese Explosive Ordnance (Bombs, Bomb fuzes, Land mines, Grenades, Firing Devices and Sabotage Devices), vol. TM 9-1985-4, Departments of the Army and Air Force

shouyaku and tanayaku Thurman (2006, p. 416)

• Thurman, James J. (2006), Practical Bomb Scene Investigation, CRC Press, doi:10.1201/9781420005950.bmatt1 {{citation}}: Text "isbn 978-0-8493-4198-4" ignored (help); Text "pages 407–416" ignored (help)

List of Japanese World War II explosives

• Hampton, L. D. (June 15, 1960), The Development of RDX Composition CH-6 (PDF), vol. NavOrd Report 680, White Oak, MD: U. S. Naval Ordinance Laboratory

Fluid dynamics

• Hazen–Williams equation
• Water hammer
• method of moments

Instruments

• Automatic test equipment
• IEEE-488
• Noise figure meter

http://www2.rohde-schwarz.com/file_15856/1MA178_0E.pdf

http://www2.rohde-schwarz.com/file_14293/1EZ61_2E.pdf

• Pulse generator nonlinear X-line, SRD
• Signature analyzer (and other BIST ideas)
• Standard Test Data Format

• random FPGA scope project: http://sourceforge.net/projects/welecw2000a/

• Moisture sensor

http://www.delmhorst.com/products_soil.html

http://www.delmhorst.com/pdf/ks_d1.pdf

• vacuum gauge

http://www.belljar.net/tcgauge.htm

http://www.teledyne-hi.com/Manual/Vacuum/174-062010_Digital_AVC.pdf

http://www.teledyne-hi.com/Manual/Vacuum/153-082006_HPM%204-6.pdf

Medical instruments

• Blood analyzer
• EEG
• EKG
• Endoscope
• L-scope
• Otoscope
• Pulse oximeter

Logic

• Logic family
• Baker clamp is not explained in logic

Baker's LL TR-110 [AD0096497]

No PDF; DTIC not public; NTIS not found (index only back to 1964)

Cutoff and Saturation Clamping

Thomas, Harry E. (1968), "Handbook of Transistors, Semiconductors, Instruments, and Microelectronics, Prentice-Hall page 227–229. Similar to ARMY TM.

Bell Labs symposium, 1951, The Transistor, TK 7872.T73 B4 is silent on anti-saturation clamps.

• Resistor Tube Logic

IBM 604 (tube) and IBM 608 (transistor)

http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/604/227-7609-0_604_CE_man_1958.pdf

pg 30-31 has inverter with resistors and speed up capacitor. (50kHz?)

stored charge on the grid

cathode coupled logic on page 43

dual gate tube fet on page 45

germanium diodes page 49

multibrator capacitors page 54

a 608 was transistorized

• GDSII
• Joint Test Action Group
• Boundary Scan (Angell ref)
• Relay, diode, DTL, RTL, TTL, ECL families

common diode has 4ns turn off

• http://semiconductormuseum.com/PhotoGallery/PhotoGallery_2N697.htm
• http://www.computerhistory.org/semiconductor/timeline/1963-TTL.html
• http://homepages.nildram.co.uk/~wylie/ICs/monolith.htm
• http://smithsonianchips.si.edu/
• http://web.archive.org/web/20050820002220/http://www.stanford.edu/group/mmdd/SiliconValley/ElectronicNews/Monolithics.text/Monolithic.rtf
• http://www.computerhistory.org/semiconductor/timeline/1969-Schottky.html

Mechanical

• Roberval balance listed as classical ... but used today.
• Geneva drive lacks sources and design information
• Walking beam but as a material transport

Microwave power measurement

• power meter
• diode detector (square law detector vs linear detector)
• thermistor mount
• barretter
• bolometer
• thermocouple (redirect from conventional)
• power monitor or power quality monitor (Dranetz, BMI, RPM)
• mismatch effect on accuracy
• noise
• noise calibration

• hot/cold source
• hp test box with circulators

• nonlinear transmission line (also SRD)
• refs

• Application Note 1449-1 Fundamentals of RF an Micowave Measurements (Part 1) Introduction to Power, History, Definitions, International Standards & Traceability http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5988-9213EN.pdf
• Application Note 1449-2 Fundamentals of RF an Micowave Measurements (Part 2) Power Sensors and Instrumentation http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5988-9214EN.pdf
• Application Note 1449-3 Fundamentals of RF an Micowave Measurements (Part 3) Power Measurement Uncertainty per International Guides http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5988-9215EN.pdf
• Application Note 1449-4 Fundamentals of RF an Micowave Measurements (Part 4) An Overview of Agilent Instrumentation for RF/Microwave Power Measurements http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5988-9216EN.pdf

Numerical mathematics

• Linear multistep method
  • No explicit reference to Gear?
  • Backward differentiation formula

Phase locked loop

• Ugh...
  • Phase-locked loop
  • Phase detector
  • Phase frequency detector
• Digital Phase-Locked Loop, October 10, 1967 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help)

Digital signal processing

• Image reject mixer
• Software-defined radio
  • AMTOR, SITOR, NAVTEX Narrowband direct printing, SAME
• Direct digital synthesizer
  • should ref Tierney
  • Tierney, J.; Rader, C. M.; Gold, B. (1971), "A digital frequency synthesizer", IEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustics, AU-19 (1): 48–57
• Digital FSK Demodulator, August 17, 1981 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help)

Telephone

• E.123: Telephone number format ITU-T E.123

Military

USS Tang rescued A. R. Matter[1]. O'Kane didn't like the guy's gung ho nature (a surprise for O'Kane). Chinn volume 5 has a picture of Matter but no explanation of what he did.

One degree of separation to General Macarthur.

Zero degrees of separation to ComSubPac.

Misc

WP:Wikiquette_alerts/archive92

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikiquette_alerts/archive92

Patents

Tektronix

• Electrical Probe {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help)
• Transmission Line Termination Circuit {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help)
• Shielded cable having auxiliary signal conductors formed integral with shield {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help)

Noise

• Noise source module for microwave test systems {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |inventor-first= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help)
• Transistor Noise Measuring Apparatus {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |inventor-first= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help)
• Measuring noise figure and y-factor {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |inventor-first= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help). Wiltron
• Signal plus noise to noise measuring equipment {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |inventor-first= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help)
• Six-port reflectometer test arrangement and method including calibration {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |inventor-first= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help). Marconi
• Electronic microwave calibration device {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |inventor-first= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help). ATN Microwave, Inc.
• Apparatus and method for determining single sideband noise figure from double sideband measurements {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |inventor-first= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help). Hewlett-Packard
• Noise parameter determination method {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |inventor-first= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help)
• Arrangement for automatic and continuous measuring of the noise factor of an electric device {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |inventor-first= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help) Gated.
• Noise-factor meter {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |inventor-first= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help) Gated.
• Automatic noise figure meter {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |inventor-first= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help)
• Architecture for RF signal automatic test equipment {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |inventor-first= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help). Teradyne. Network Analyzer?
• Noise parameter determination method {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |inventor-first= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help)
• Electronic microwave calibration device {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |inventor-first= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help)
• System for setting reference reactance for vector corrected measurements {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |inventor-first= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help)
• mumble {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |inventor-first= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help)

Directional bridge

• Frequency selective improvement of the directivity of a return loss bridge {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help). Hand draw figures. Improve directivity. Tektronix.
• Bridge for Measuring the Reflection Coefficient {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help). Rhode-Schwarz.
• Directional Sampling Bridge {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help). Stanford University. 100GHz.
• Three section termination for an R.F. triaxial directional bridge {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help). Hewlett-Packard. Earlier of 4720677.
• R. F. Triaxial Directional Bridge {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help). Hewlett-Packard
• Vector network analyzer with integral processor {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help). VNA. Hewlett-Packard. Also use FFT to get time domain. 8510?
• Spectrum analyzer having enterable offsets and automatic display zoom {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help). Spectrum analyzer. Older VNA? Hewlett-Packard. Was cited in US 4816767.
• Return Loss Test Set {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help). doubled bridge? GTE Automatic Electric Lab.
• Dual directional bridge and balun used as reflectometer test set {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help). Test set. 300kHz to 3.0GHz. Hewlett-Packard.
• {{citation}}: Empty citation (help)

Directional coupler

• {{citation}}: Empty citation (help)

Spot welding

• hobbyspotwelders has some information in its "Spot Welding" menu.
• Sunstone Engineering has a technical resources page on its website. It also has some videos showing some spot welding being done.
• The Poor Man's Battery Tab Welder describes a jury rigged capacitive discharge spot welder suitable for 3 mil thick Nickel ribbons.
• HP Forum Archive 09 has a discussion of spot welding batteries and spot welding schedules.
• Miyachi Unitek website has many technical resources available from its home page.
• Power Supply Designed for Small-Scale Resistance Spot Welding discusses weld nugget quality control.

• Welding by the Charge of a Condenser {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help). A capacitor (aka condenser) is used to limit the energy delivered during a spot welding operation. Capacitor is charged rather than discharged. Goal is delicate work.
• Dual Current Condenser Welder {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help). Second condenser is discharged into the weld. "I have discovered that the weld is considerably improved if a second condenser is provided and connected in such a manner that it discharges into the weld...."
• Welding System {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help). Capacitive discharge with mechanical energy storage and step down transformer. Goal is high peak powers.
• Long-Lived Impulse Transformer {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |inventor-first= (help); Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help). Construction details for welding transformer.
• Portable Spot Welding Tool {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help). Capacitive discharge spot welder with stepdown transformer. Goal is delicate work.
• Spot Welder {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help).
• High Current, Low Impedance Resistance Welding Device {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help). Goal is welding seams that have a resistance in the 1 to 100 micro-ohm range.

Mapping

Google maps and street view.

Revolutionary War Battles

• Penobscot Expedition

Various campaigns in book.

Military plants

Iowa. Read National Park Service description of Wabash River Ordinance Works, a WWII RDX plant. (MacDonald and Mack Partnership 1984, p. 21) To collect water, six Ranney collectors were built near the Wabash river. (MacDonald and Mack Partnership 1984, p. 21) These collectors can be found in aerial views.

39.865315°N 87.363796°W / 39.865315; -87.363796 (well 1)

39.860341°N 87.357359°W / 39.860341; -87.357359 (well 2)

39.85642°N 87.363153°W / 39.85642; -87.363153 (well 3)

39.849733°N 87.364182°W / 39.849733; -87.364182 (well 4)

39.843448°N 87.367305°W / 39.843448; -87.367305 (well 5)

39.839528°N 87.374361°W / 39.839528; -87.374361 (well 6)

Unusual drains?

39.838216°N 87.380689°W / 39.838216; -87.380689 (drain 1)

39.838752°N 87.376521°W / 39.838752; -87.376521 (drain 2)

• MacDonald and Mack Partnership (August 1984), Final Properties Report: Newport Army Ammunition Plant (PDF), vol. AD-A175 818, National Park Service

Holston

Paintings

Van Gogh's Starry Night Over the Rhone. The actual painting is spectacular.

Van Gogh's Yellow House (painting). Yellow House was destroyed during WWII, but neighboring building is still there. Railway bridge in the distance is also still there, but disused and overgrown. Detail in stone work matches.

Van Gogh's railway bridge. Looks like bridge is updated.

43°46′36″N 04°50′07″E

Controversy

Genetic algorithm

Genetic algorithm

• name change

Not a controversy, but I requested deletion of an article by User talk:PowerGDS. That request was promoted to speedy deletion and a challenge to the user name. User added another article, and I requested speedy deletion. Articles deleted and user permanently blocked.

Article notability

• I proposed deletion for Compressed air battery.

Trial

For Network analyzer

Old Systems

Look at old systems. Broadband (noisy) detectors.

8405A

8405A Vector voltmeter. Harmonic mixer in probes. Works from 1 MHz to 1 GHz.

VTO is 0.98 MHz to 2.00 MHz. (8405A page 4-5.) The VTO is swept from high to low to find the highest possible sampling rate. There is a "sideband identifier" circuit to make sure that lock is on a multiple of the VTO that is 20kHz below the input frequency.

Probe mixer provides 20kHz IF. (8405A page 4-1.)

8407A

8407A 100kHz to 110MHz? Uses 8601A sweeper that also provides a VTO signal that is 200MHz above the output signal. The 8407A uses a PLL to get generate a LO signal that is 277.778 kHz below 200MHz. That LO signal mixes with the inputs to get a 277.778 kHz IF. Page 4-1 and 7-7.

8410B

8410B network analyzer uses the 8411A harmonic mixer. Input drive to harmonic mixer is 62 to 184 MHz. Mixer output is 20.278 MHz. (High side or low side? How does 8410B determine above/below?

• ref channel -18 to -35dBm (ref channel gets a strong signal)
• test channel -10 to -75dBm

Dual AGC system. Operate range.

Management of the harmonic mixer. In the simple case, user selects a harmonic range (adjusts PLL loop gain to keep good linear control). As long as the sweep range stays in the same harmonic, there isn't much trouble. Phase lock. Must shift harmonic when VCO tune voltage hits a rail. 8410B outputs a SWEEP STOP signal that tells the signal source to pause its sweep. Meanwhile, the 8410B can blank the output and lock onto a new harmonic. 8410B relies on the signal source providing a voltage that indicates the current sweep frequency -- a voltage of 1 volt per GHz. When in automatic mode, the 8410B digitizes this voltage to determine the appropriate harmonic number. Better explanation would intoduce automatic mode above. Should also state that both the signal source and the 8410B must worry about bandswitching.

The result is the harmonic mixer supplies a first IF of 20.278 MHz.

A second mixer in the 8410 mixes the first IF with 20 MHz to get a 278 kHz second IF. The 8410B provides a reference channel, a test channel phase output, and a test channel amplitude output. These signals are processed by some display units. The 8410B has some phase and amplitude controls. 90&degree; phase. 0 to 69 dB step attenuator.

Display unit

The 8412A amplitude and phase indicator. Amplitude detection uses test channel phase to synchonously detect the test channel amplitude signal. Phase detection is done by squaring the reference and test channel phase signals and then doing a multiply and filter operation. An inverter supplies a 180&degree; phase shift. Finer phase offsets are done with time delay circuits (since the IF frequency is fixed at 278 kHz, a time delay maps directly to a phase shift).

The 8413A phase gain indicator. Just meter output.

The 8414A polar display. The reference channel is amplified and used as a square wave to drive mixers. (Is the reference phase shifted or the test signal?) Mixer outputs are filtered to get signals proportional to the sine and cosine. They drive the y and x axes of a CRT to produce a linear polar display.

The 8750A storage normalizer can be used to subtract out errors.

Test set

There are several tests sets to cover different frequencies.

Directional coupler at 10 percent bandwidth.

Multispaced designs for an octave bandwidth.

Dragon tooth designs for a decade.

Transmission line transformer designs for low end?

• 8740A transmission test unit
• 8741A reflection test unit, 0.11 to 2 GHz
• 8742A reflection test unit, 2 to 12.4 GHz
• 8743A reflection transmission, 2 to 12.4 GHz
• 8745A S parameter, 0.1 to 2 GHz
• 8746B S parameter, 0.5 to 12.4GH

Newer systems

• 8510C. Input to the network analyzer is from the test set. A first LO in the test set downconverts to a 20MHz 1st IF. That 20MHz IF is downconverted to 100kHz 2nd IF. That is digitized. The 8510C passes the samples to be displayed and processed. Tricky part is the 20MHz IF. The VTO is pretuned (with phase detector disabled) and stepped to find the appropriate sideband. (3-19.) A phase lock learn mode is used to speed initial tuning of the VTO. (3-20.)
• Test sets are 8511, 8514, 8515, 8517B (45MHz to 50GHz), 85110. Sampler based test sets and mixer based test sets. (from 8510C, 3-5.) VTO and mixers are in the test sets, so all microwave frequencies are contained. It also permits one network analyzer to control several test sets (but just one at a time) because except for the RF drive, only low frequency signals (such as the 20MHz IF signals) need be multiplexed.
  • sampler has 3MHz BW.
    • 50 to 300MHz VTO. VTO harm is 20MHz greater. (3-7.) LO-RF = IF.
  • mixer can be wider
  • 85102 is IF and Detector
  • 85101 is processor and display

References

• 8405A
• 8407A Network Analyzer Operating and Service Manual, 08407-90038, December 1971, url=http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/08407-90038.pdf
• 8410B