Ifrit
Afreet—also spelled ifrit, efreet, ifreet, and afrit (Arabic: ʻIfrīt: عفريت, pl ʻAfārīt: عفاريت)—are supernatural creatures in Arabic and Islamic cultures. They are in a class of infernal djinn, spirits below the level of angels, noted for their strength and cunning.
Etymology
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The term ifrit (عفريت) comes from the Arabic term "عفرت" (`afrt) meaning "the evil".
Ifrit in Islamic scripture
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Ifrit is mentioned in the Qur'an, Sura An-Naml (27:39-40):
An ifrit (strong one) from the jinn said: "I will bring it to you before you rise from your place. And verily, I am indeed strong, and trustworthy for such work." One with whom was knowledge of the Scripture said: "I will bring it to you within the twinkling of an eye!" Then when Solomon saw it placed before him, he said: "This is by the Grace of my Lord - to test me whether I am grateful or ungrateful! And whoever is grateful, truly, his gratitude is for (the good of) his ownself; and whoever is ungrateful, (he is ungrateful only for the loss of his ownself). Certainly my Lord is Rich (Free of all needs), Bountiful.
Ifrit mentions in the Qur'an and the Hadith, the eyewitness narratives of Muhammad's words and actions, are always in the phrase "the ifrit of the jinn". Ifrit has come to refer to an entire class of formidable, rebellious beings, but in the confused world of underworld spirits.
In Arabic literature
In One Thousand and One Nights, in a tale called "The Porter and the Young Girls", there is a narrative about a prince who is attacked by pirates and takes refuge with a woodcutter. The prince finds an underground chamber in the forest leading to a beautiful woman who has been kidnapped by an ifrit. The prince sleeps with the woman and both are attacked by the jealous ifrit, who changes the prince into an ape. Later a princess restores the prince and fights a pitched battle with the ifrit, who changes shape into various animals, fruit, and fire until being reduced to cinders. In the book the word is used interchangeably with genie and in the tale the spirit is malevolent but easily tricked by the protagonist.[1]
In medieval Iranian literature, the word ifrit often denotes an African.[2]
In early folklore, the ifrit is said to be formed from the blood of a murder victim. Driving an unused nail into the blood was supposed to stop their formation. The creatures were reported as being able to take the form of the Christian devil, the murder victim or even a sandstorm.[3]
In modern literature and culture
Stories of ifrits were highly prevalent in Egyptian culture up until the Second World War. British soldiers visiting the pyramids reported that they had been warned by the locals of ifrits living in the desert in the form of a dog which would lead them astray until they became lost. At this time Ifrits were also said to have the power to turn humans into animals themselves.[4]
References
- ^ Leon Hale (January 13, 2002). "Arabic mythology is worth revisiting". Houston Chronicle.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ Southgate, Minoo (Winter, 1984). "The Negative Images of Blacks in Some Medieval Iranian Writings". Iranian Studies. 17 (1). Taylor & Francis, Ltd. Retrieved January 26, 2011.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "Aeromancy". The Element Encyclopedia of the Psychic World. Harper Element. 2006. p. 10.
{{cite encyclopedia}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Larken, E. P. "Egyptian Beliefs". Folklore. 19 (4). Taylor & Francis, Ltd.: 471. Retrieved January 26, 2011.
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