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Gadsden flag

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The Gadsden Flag

The Gadsden flag is a historical American flag with a yellow field depicting a rattlesnake coiled and ready to strike. Positioned below the snake is the legend "DONT TREAD ON ME." The flag was designed by and is named after American general and statesman Christopher Gadsden. It was also used by the Continental Marines as an early motto flag. It was the first flag ever carried into battle by the United States Marine Corps, during the American Revolution.

Snake symbolism

The timber rattlesnake and eastern diamondback rattlesnake both populate the geographical areas of the original thirteen colonies. Their use as a symbol of the American colonies can be traced back to the publications of Benjamin Franklin. In 1751, he made the first reference to the rattlesnake in a satirical commentary published in his Pennsylvania Gazette. It had been the policy of Britain to send convicted criminals to America, so Franklin suggested that they thank the British by sending rattlesnakes to England.[1]

Benjamin Franklin's "Join, or Die" cartoon

In 1754, during the French and Indian War, Franklin published his famous woodcut of a snake cut into eight sections. It represented the colonies, with New England joined together as the head and South Carolina as the tail, following their order along the coast. Under the snake was the message "Join, or Die". This was the first political cartoon published in an American newspaper.

As the American Revolution grew, the snake began to see more use as a symbol of the colonies. In 1774, Paul Revere added it to the title of his paper, the Massachusetts Spy, as a snake joined to fight a British dragon.[2] In December 1775, Benjamin Franklin published an essay in the Pennsylvania Journal under the pseudonym American Guesser in which he suggested that the rattlesnake was a good symbol for the American spirit:

"I recollected that her eye excelled in brightness, that of any other animal, and that she has no eye-lids—She may therefore be esteemed an emblem of vigilance.—She never begins an attack, nor, when once engaged, ever surrenders: She is therefore an emblem of magnanimity and true courage.—As if anxious to prevent all pretensions of quarreling with her, the weapons with which nature has furnished her, she conceals in the roof of her mouth, so that, to those who are unacquainted with her, she appears to be a most defenseless animal; and even when those weapons are shewn and extended for her defense, they appear weak and contemptible; but their wounds however small, are decisive and fatal:—Conscious of this, she never wounds till she has generously given notice, even to her enemy, and cautioned him against the danger of stepping on her.—Was I wrong, Sir, in thinking this a strong picture of the temper and conduct of America?"[3]

Gadsden's flag

Gadsden's flag in an 1885 school book

In fall 1775, the United States Navy was established to intercept incoming British ships carrying war supplies to the British troops in the colonies. To aid in this, the Second Continental Congress authorized the mustering of five companies of Marines to accompany the Navy on their first mission. The first Marines enlisted in the city of Philadelphia, and they carried drums painted yellow, depicting a coiled rattlesnake with thirteen rattles, and the motto "Don't Tread On Me." This is the first recorded mention of the future Gadsden flag's symbolism.

At the Congress, Continental Colonel Christopher Gadsden represented his home state of South Carolina. He was one of seven members of the Marine Committee who were outfitting the first naval mission.[4]

Before the departure of that first mission in December 1775, the newly appointed commander-in-chief of the Navy, Commodore Esek Hopkins, received the yellow rattlesnake flag from Gadsden to serve as the distinctive personal standard of his flagship. It was displayed at the mainmast.[4]

Gadsden also presented a copy of this flag to the Congress of South Carolina in Charleston, South Carolina in 1776. This was recorded in the South Carolina congressional journals:

Col. Gadsden presented to the Congress an elegant standard, such as is to be used by the commander in chief of the American navy; being a yellow field, with a lively representation of a rattle-snake in the middle in the attitude of going to strike and these words underneath, "Don't Tread on Me!"[5]

Contemporary significance

Considered one of the first flags of the United States, the flag was later replaced by the current Stars and Stripes (or Old Glory) flag. Since the Revolution, the flag has seen times of reintroduction as a symbol of American patriotism, a symbol of disagreement with government, or a symbol of support for civil liberties.

First U.S. Navy Jack

The First Navy Jack, which was directly related to the Gadsden flag, has been in use by the United States Navy since its beginnings. In 1977, the Secretary of the Navy directed that the ship in active status with the longest total period of active service shall display the First Navy Jack until decommissioned or transferred to inactive service, at which time the flag shall be passed to the next ship in line with appropriate honors. The display of this jack by the oldest ship in the fleet is intended as a form of recognition to promote pride of service, enhance morale, and contribute to the tradition of naval service. USS Kitty Hawk (CV 63) became the oldest active ship in the United States Navy upon the decommissioning of USS Independence (CV 62) on September 30, 1998. Kitty Hawk is only the second aircraft carrier ever to hold the honor of flying the First Navy Jack. [6]

In addition, since the first Patriot Day on September 11, 2002, which commemorates the lives lost in the September 11 attacks, the First Navy Jack has been flown on all active naval ships for the duration of the global war on terror.[7] The rattlesnake from the flag is also shown on the U.S. Army's Drill Sergeant Identification Badge.

For historical reasons, the flag is still popularly flown in Charleston, South Carolina, the city where Christopher Gadsden first presented the flag, and where it was commonly used during the revolution, along with the blue and white crescent flag of pre-Civil War South Carolina.

A man holding the flag at the protest event Occupy Wall Street

This flag appears framed on the wall in the office of the deputy White House communications director, Sam Seaborn, in the popular television series The West Wing (season 2, episode 13, "Bartlet's Third State").

Athletic apparel company Nike uses the image of a snake coiled around a soccer ball for an ongoing, patriotic "Don't Tread On Me" campaign in support of the United States men's national soccer team. The phrase has become a rallying cry for American soccer fans and the Gadsden flag can occasionally be seen at national team games. A representation of the rattlesnake is contained on the inside of their uniforms which were used in the 2010 World Cup.[8] The Philadelphia Union Major League Soccer expansion team in 2010, incorporated the coiled snake into its logo that was unveiled in May, 2009.[citation needed]

It also appears in a historical context in the 2000 film The Patriot in Charleston and in battle alongside the Old Glory flag.

In the 2006 CBS TV series Jericho, the flag makes several appearances, but its most significant one is in the series finale when the incumbent Mayor Grey Anderson replaces the flag of the "Allied States of America" (which is the Cheyenne, Wyoming based new federal government), that is flying in front of the City Hall, with an antique Gadsden Flag that they found in storage. It holds patriotic significance as it evokes the town's feeling against the new tyrannical, corporate-driven government that is trying to erase their 'true' American history.[9]

The heavy metal band Metallica recorded a song called "Don't tread on me" on their self-titled fifth studio album. The album cover features a picture of a coiled rattlesnake almost exactly like the one found on the Gadsden Flag. The song features lyrics referring to the American Revolutionary War. 311's eighth studio album is titled Don't Tread on Me released 2005. The New Jersey based punk rock group Titus Andronicus features one on the cover of their self-titled album, and the flag is frequently seen with them on tour.

The bright yellow flag appears in the Disney animated television series Recess, raised above the home of the character Gustav, whose father is a Marine. It is seen in the first episode's segment "The New Kid," which addresses individuality and tyranny.

Tea Party symbol

September 12, 2009 - Washington D.C. Protesters on the West Lawn looking toward the United States Capitol Building. See: Taxpayer March on Washington.

Beginning in 2009, the Gadsden Flag has become an adopted symbol of the American Tea Party movement [10][11] Nationwide it serves as an addendum to the stars and stripes, stressing the Tea Party platform.[12][13] It was also seen being displayed by members of Congress at Tea Party rallies.[14] Some lawmakers have dubbed it a political symbol because of the Tea Party connection,[15] and the political nature of Tea Party supporters.[16]

References

  1. ^ Leepson, Marc; DeMille, Nelson (2006-05-30). Flag: An American Biography. Macmillan. pp. 12–. ISBN 9780312323097. Retrieved july 13, 2010. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  2. ^ "A More Perfect Union: Symbolizing the National Union of States". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2006-12-07.
  3. ^ Franklin, Benjamin. Pennsylvania Journal. December 27, 1775[dead link]
  4. ^ a b Our flag number: with 1197 flags in full colors and 300 additional illustrations in black and white. National Geographic Society. 1917. p. 289. Retrieved 2011-01-23. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ Hicks, Frederick Cocks (1918). The flag of the United States. United States Government Printing Office. p. 23.
  6. ^ http://www.navyjack.info/history.html. Retrieved 2011-08-27. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  7. ^ "All U.S. Navy Ships to Begin Flying First Navy Jack on Patriot Day". navy.mil. 2002-09-09. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
  8. ^ "USA Men's Soccer Kit".
  9. ^ "Jericho Video - Jericho - Season 2: Episode 7: Patriots And Tyrants w/ Commentary". CBS.com. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
  10. ^ "Gadsden flag denied over State Capitol". Wtnh.com Hartford CT. May 26, 2010. Retrieved 2011-01-23.
  11. ^ "Gadsden Flag Now Officially "Offensive" In America". Aipnews.com. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
  12. ^ "Connecticut Marines Fight for 'Don't Tread on Me' Flag Display". FOXNews.com. 2010-04-07. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
  13. ^ "Flag daze - The Boston Globe". Boston.com. 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
  14. ^ "Gadsden Flags Flying Off the Shelves in Support of the Tea Party Tax Protest". Market Wire. Retrieved 2009-07-07.
  15. ^ "Connecticut Marines Fight for 'Don't Tread on Me' Flag Display". FOXNews.com. 2010-04-07. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
  16. ^ "Tea Party flag will not fly at Connecticut Capitol". Necn.com. 2010-04-08. Retrieved 2010-08-02.

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