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List of Gospels

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The canonical Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke & John can be found in most Christian Bibles

Gospels are a genre of Early Christian literature claiming to recount the life of Jesus, to preserve His teachings, or to reveal aspects of God's nature. The development of the New Testament canon has left four canonical Gospels which are accepted as the only authentic ones by the great majority of Christians, but many others exist, or used to exist, and are called Apocryphal. Some of these have left considerable traces on Christian traditions, including iconography.

List of Gospels

Completely preserved Gospels

  1. Gospel of Mark (canonical)
  2. Gospel of Matthew (canonical)
  3. Gospel of Luke (canonical)
  4. Gospel of John (canonical)
  5. Gospel of Thomas (non-canonical, arguably Gnostic or proto-Gnostic)
  6. Gospel of Truth (Gnostic)
  7. Coptic Gospel of the Egyptians (Gnostic; Sethian)

Hypothesized Sources of the Canonical Gospels

  1. "Q" or Quelle - "Quelle" means "source"; Q is material common to Matthew and Luke but not found in Mark
  2. "M" - material unique to Matthew
  3. "L" - material unique to Luke
  4. Signs Gospel - an hypothesized narrative of the Seven Signs presented in John; the hypothesis is now mostly rejected by scholars
  5. Discourses Gospel - the hypothesized source of the discourse material in John; now mostly rejected by scholars
  6. Cross Gospel - John Dominic Crossan's proposed source of the Passion narratives in Mark and the Gospel of Peter; the hypothesis is almost universally rejected

Infancy Gospels

  1. Gospel of the Nativity of Mary
  2. Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew
  3. Infancy Gospel of Thomas
  4. Infancy Gospel of James
  5. Arabic Infancy Gospel
  6. Syriac Gospel of the Boyhood of our Lord Jesus [1]

Partially preserved Gospels

  1. Gospel of Judas
  2. Gospel of Peter
  3. Gospel of Mary
  4. Gospel of Philip

Fragmentary preserved Gospels[α]

  1. Dialogue of the Saviour
  2. Papyrus Egerton 2
  3. Gospel of Eve
  4. Fayyum Fragment
  5. Gospel of Mani
  6. Oxyrhynchus Gospels
  7. Gospel of the Saviour (also known as the Unknown Berlin gospel)
  8. Gospel of the Twelve

Reconstructed Gospels[β]

  1. Gospel of the Ebionites
  2. Gospel of the Egyptians
  3. Gospel of the Hebrews
  4. Secret Gospel of Mark - suspect: the single source mentioning it is considered by many to be a modern forgery, and it disappeared before it could be independently authenticated.
  5. Gospel of Matthias
  6. Gospel of the Nazoraeans

Lost Gospels are

  1. Gospel of Bartholomew - mentioned by only two 5th century sources which list it as apochryphal[2]
  2. Gospel of the Four Heavenly Realms
  3. Gospel of Perfection
  4. Gospel of Marcion
  5. Gospel of Basilides
  6. Gospel of Andrew
  7. Gospel of Apelles
  8. Gospel of Cerinthus
  9. Gospel of Bardesanes
  10. Gospel of the Encratites[3]
  11. Gospel of the Gnostics[4]
  12. Gospel of Hesychius[disambiguation needed][5]
  13. Gospel of Lucius[5]
  14. Gospel of Merinthus[6]
  15. Gospel of Simonides
  16. Gospel of Valentinus[7]

Medieval Gospels

  1. Gospel of the Seventy – a lost 8th-9th century Manichean work
  2. Gospel of Nicodemus – a post 10th century Christian devotional work (or works) in many variants. The first section is highly dependent upon the 5th century "Acts of Pilate"
  3. Gospel of Barnabas – a 16th century harmony of the 4 Canonical Gospels, probably of Spanish (Morisco) origin, or possibly Italian

Modern Gospels

  1. Aquarian Gospel (1908)
  2. Book of Mormon (1830)
  3. Crucifixion of Jesus, by an Eyewitness (1919)
  4. Essene Gospel of Peace (1937; 1974)
  5. The Fifth Gospel (1908, Steiner)
  6. The Fifth Gospel (1956, Naber)
  7. Gospel According to Seneca (1996)
  8. Gospel of Ares (1974)
  9. Gospel of Barnabas (16th century; not the apocryphal Epistle)
  10. Gospel of Jacob (1952; aka The Adolescence of Jesus)
  11. Gospel of Jacob (1982; aka The Message of Jacob)
  12. Gospel of Jesus According to Gabriele Wittek (1977)
  13. Gospel of Josephus (1927)
  14. Talmud Jmmanuel (1963; Another Gospel attributed to Judas Iscariot)
  15. Gospel of the Childhood of Our Lord Jesus Christ According to St. Peter (1904)
  16. Gospel of the Perfect Life (1881; aka Gospel of the Holy Twelve; not the lost Gospel of the Twelve)
  17. Life and Morals of Jesus (1820)
  18. Jehoshua the Nazir (1965)
  19. Jesus Amidst His Own (late 18th century)
  20. The Mystical Life of Jesus (1929)
  21. Secret Gospel of Mark (1973)
  22. The Unknown Life of Jesus Christ (1894)
  23. Ur-Gospel of the Essenes (1867)

See also

Notes

Wikimedia Commons has media related to List of Gospels.

Footnotes

  1. ^ Apocryphal Gospels: B Harris Cowper retrieved web-address 15:16(GMT) 24.10.2011 - originally 17:16(UTC), 28th August 2008
  2. ^ Jerome mentions it twice: Catul. Script. Eccles. in Pantæn. and Præfat. in Comm. in Matt. It is also mentioned once in the Decree of Gelasius
  3. ^ Epiphanius ascribed a gospel to the sect of Encratites. It is more probable however, that he referred to the Gospel of Tatian
  4. ^ The Gnostics had various gospels. Epiphanius speaks of their writing "The Revelation of Adam, and other false gospels"
  5. ^ a b This phrase is found in the Decree of Gelasius wherein certain gospels are condemned by that title. What they were is uncertain. Jerome speaks of "those books which go under the names of Lucian and Hesychius and are esteemed through the perverse humors of some"
  6. ^ The Gospel of Merinthus is mentioned only by Epiphanius as one of those spurious gospels which he supposes were written in the apostles' time and referred to by Luke in Luke 1:1 "as not being a true and genuine account". Fabricius supposes that Merinthus and Cerinthus are the same person and that Cerinthus was changed into Merinthus by the way of banter or reproach. Although Epiphanius makes them into two different persons, yet in the heresy of the Cerinthians, he professes himself uncertain. He said "The Cerinthians are also called Merinthians as we see by the accounts we have; but whether this Cerinthus was also called Merinthus, a fellow laborer of his, God knows"(Jones, A new and full method of settling the canonical authority of the New Testament)
  7. ^ Mentioned by Tertullian in Adversus Valentinianos. According to Ireneaus, it the same as the Gospel of Truth

References

  • New Testament Apocrypha, by Wilhelm Schneemelcher, R. M. Wilson.
  • New Testament Apocrypha: Gospels and Related Writings, by Wilhelm Schneemelcher, R. M. Wilson.
  • History of the Christian Religion to the Year Two Hundred, by Charles B. Waite.
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