Co-design
Co-design or codesign is a product, service, or organization development process where designer professionals empower, encourage, and guide users to develop solutions for themselves. This process draws its roots from user. The practice of co-design has been around for nearly 40 years, drawing it's roots from participatory design.[1] Co-design differs from for example participatory design in that it does not assume that any stakeholder a priori is more important than any other.[2] It also differs from various user-centered design approaches in that it acknowledges that the client or beneficiary of the design may not be using the artifact itself.[3] Co-design encourages the blurring of the role between user and designer, making it's intentions similar to participatory design and user-centered design, but bringing greater focus to the design process. [4]
In co-design there is an understanding that all human artifacts are designed and with a purpose. In co-design one tries to include those perspectives that are related to the design in the process. It is generally recognized that the quality of design increases if the stakeholders' interests are considered in the design process.[5] Co-design is a development of systems thinking, which according to C. West Churchman "begins when first you view the world through the eyes of another." [6]
Co-design can be a helpful approach for trained designers aren't able to properly understand all the cultural, societal, or usage scenarios encountered by the user. C. K. Prahalad and Venkat Ramaswamy are usually given credit for bringing co-creation/co-design to the minds of those in the business community with the 2004 publication of their book, The Future of Competition: Co-Creating Unique Value with Customers. They propose:
- "The meaning of value and the process of value creation are rapidly shifting from a product and firm-centric view to personalized consumer experiences. Informed, networked, empowered and active consumers are increasingly co-creating value with the firm." [7]
The phrase co-design is also used in reference to the simultaneous development of interrelated software and hardware systems. The term co-design has become popular in mobile phone development, where the two perspectives of hardware and software design are brought into a co-design process.[8]
People who are related to this concept are:
- William James
- Edgar A. Singer
- C. West Churchman
- Russell L. Ackoff
- Donald Schön
- Olov Forsgren
- Lars Albinsson [9]
- Mikael Lind [10]
- Matt & Gail Taylor [1]
See also
References
- ^ http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15710880701875068
- ^ Ehn, Pelle (1988). Work-oriented design of computer artifacts. Umeå,.
- ^ Norman, D. A., & Draper, S. W. (1986). User centered system design: new perspectives on human-computer interaction. Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates.
- ^ http://www.seainsideproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/CoCreation_Sanders_Stappers_08_preprint.pdf
- ^ E.g. Albinsson, L., M. Lind, et al. (2007). Co-Design: An approach to border crossing, Network Innovation. eChallenges 2007, The Hague, The Netherlands. http://echallenges.org/e2010/outbox/eChallenges_e2007_ref_195_doc_3562.pdf
- ^ Churchman, C. W. (1968). The systems approach. New York: Delacorte Press. p 231
- ^ http://www.emeraldinsight.com/case_studies.htm/case_studies.htm?articleid=872899&show=html
- ^ International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis
- ^ http://calistoga.se/2007_innovation_networks.pdf
- ^ http://www.adm.hb.se/~ML/