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Amar Chitra Katha

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Amar Chitra Katha
File:Ack logo.jpg
The logo
Publication information
PublisherAmar Chitra Katha Pvt. Ltd.
No. of issues449
Creative team
Created byAnant Pai
Written byVarious
Artist(s)Various

Amar Chitra Katha (Hindi: अमर चित्र कथा, amar citra kathā, "Immortal Captivating (or Picture) Stories") (Amar Chitra Katha PL) is one of India's largest selling comic book series, with more than 90 million copies sold in 20 Indian languages.[1] Founded in 1967, the imprint has more than 400 titles that retell stories from the great Indian epics, mythology, history, folklore, and fables in a comic book format. It was created by Anant Pai, and published by India Book House. In 2007, the imprint and all its titles were acquired by a new venture called ACK Media. On September 17, 2008, a new website by ACK-media was launched.[2][3]

Creation and creators

The comic series was started by Anant Pai in an attempt to teach Indian children about their cultural heritage. He was shocked that Indian students could answer questions on Greek and Roman mythology, but were ignorant of their own history, mythology and folklore. It so happened that a quiz contest aired on Doordarshan in February 1967, in which participants could easily answer questions pertaining to Greek mythology, but were unable to reply to the question "In the Ramayana, who was Rama's mother?".[4][5]

The above is an oft-told story of how ACK was founded beginning with ‘Uncle Pai’, in Mumbai in 1967. However, Outlook Magazine has this article about the genesis of this popular comic series: The idea and proposal for Amar Chitra Katha was made by a Bangalore book salesman called G.K. Ananthram which led to the first Amar Chitra Katha comics being produced in 1965—in Kannada, not English. “The English ACK titles begin from number eleven because the first ten were in Kannada,” clarifies Ananthram. To Anathram’s satisfaction, the 1965 Kannada ACK venture was a great commercial success which lead to Mirchandani in the head office in Mumbai pursuing the Amar Chitra Katha idea in English diligently, and the rest is history. “They brought in Anant Pai” says Ananthram. “And he built a wonderful team and a great brand.” [6]

Writers like Kamala Chandrakant, Margie Sastry, Subba Rao, Debrani Mitra and C.R Sharma joined the creative team of Amar Chitra Katha, with Anant Pai taking on the role of editor and co-writer on most scripts. The notable illustrators were Ram Waeerkar, who illustrated the very first issue of Amar Chitra Katha, Krishna, Dilip Kadam, C. M. Vitankar, Sanjeev Waeerkar, Souren Roy, C.D Rane, Ashok Dongre, V.B. Halbe, Jeffrey Fowler, Pratap Mullick and Yusuf Lien aka Yusuf Bangalorewala.

The comics

The original printings of Amar Chitra were not in full colour—because of budgetary constraints, the panels were printed using yellow, blue and green. Subsequent issues, however, changed to full colour. All Amar Chitra Katha books stuck to a monthly (later fortnightly) 30-page format, with emphasis on lucid, entertaining storylines. In addition to the 'singles' format the stories are also available as hardcover 3-in-1 and 5-in-1 bundles. There are special editions of the epics like the Mahabharata which is available in a 3 volume 1300+ pages set.

Occasionally there were "bumper" issues with 90 pages, most collecting stories of a similar type from individual issues( Example: Monkey Stories From The Hitopadesha, Tales of Birbal and some being longer stories The Story of Rama). As the epic stories became more popular, the team began to publish stories based on Indian history, of men and women belonging to different regions and religions and also on stories based on Sanskrit as well as regional classics. The continuous popularity of the comics led to reprints being issued frequently, which ensured that the back-issues remained in print throughout the seventies and the eighties. At the height of its popularity, in the mid-eighties, it had been translated into Bengali, Marathi, Assamese, Gujarati, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Telugu, Tamil and Urdu and selling half a million copies a month. Some titles were also translated into French, Spanish, German, Swahili, Fijian, Indonesian, and Serbo-Croat.

Towards the mid-nineties, the original comics were reprinted in sleeker and more durable editions, with thick cardstock covers and better colour separations. Today, Amar Chitra Katha has a national footprint across all major book retailers, hundreds of small bookstores, and tens of thousands of vendors. It is the best-selling children's publication in most large format stores.

In 2007, the publisher created a new online store that offers all the titles with shipping worldwide. The titles are divided in following categories

  1. Fables & Folktales (e.g. Panchatantra)
  2. Mythology (e.g. The Ramayana)
  3. The Epics (e.g. The Ramayana)
  4. Humour & wit (e.g. Birbal)
  5. Biographies (e.g. Mahatma Gandhi)
  6. Literary Classics
  7. 3 in 1 Titles
  8. 5 in 1 Titles
  9. Special Issues

Modernisation

Amar Chitra Katha has evolved over times. Now it is available as a digital media in more means from online access to mobile phones. ACK-Media has recently partnered with iRemedi Corp of Atlanta, GA to deliver Amar Chitra Katha comics on the iOS platform. Popular Amar Chitra Katha Comics were launched on the iPhone platform by iRemedi and Apple on 5th May, 2009. Amar Chitra Katha comics have been adapted for the iOS platform for readers to enjoy panel by panel reading experience on the iPads, iPhones and iPod touches on iRemedi's ETHER*MEDIA viewer solution. More information can be found at iRemedi's website. iRemedi has enabled the ACK collection within Apple iBooks app as well.[7]

Popular ACK Titles are available in the Apple iTunes Store.[8]

Popular ACK Titles are also available in the Apple iBookstore.[9]

Cultural significance

Amar Chitra Katha was launched at a time when Indian society was slowly moving away from the traditional joint family system, because of (among other things) socio-economic constraints and urbanization. In a joint family system, grandparents would regale the children of the household with tales from folklore and the epics, and the Amar Chitra Katha series served to fill the void left by grandparents in the smaller nuclear families in urban areas. The choice of English as the primary language led it to reach the majority of children who studied in English medium schools.

Later, when the comic added historical topics, it proved very helpful to students. For most, Indian history, a jumble of names and dates, came alive as stories. The detailed research of architecture, costumes, regional flavours and facts ensured that the comics were widely accepted into the mainstream, both parents and teachers using them as educational aids. To an extent, these books, with their homogenized and unbiased character descriptions went a long way in promoting national integration and increasing inter-provincial awareness throughout the country.

It should be mentioned that the series steered clear of controversy, taming down content and violence and adhering to strict self-censorship.

Criticism

According to book critic Nilanjana Roy, the Amar Chitra Katha series reflects 'the stereotypes and prejudices of mainstream Indian culture; pink-skinned, fair heroes and heroines, dark asuras and villains, passive women drawn as in Indian calendar art from the male perspective'.[10]

Criticism of the Amar Chitra Katha comics has largely revolved around two central issues: the depiction of women and the portrayal of minorites, according to author Aruna Rao.[11] The female characters have been criticized as stereotypical, often shown to be self-sacrificing and passive in comparison to the men. Practices of sati and jauhar have been depicted without appropriate contextualization or comment.[12] The Muslim heroes are invariably those who accommodated Hinduism in their belief systems, while Orthodox Muslims are presented as villains.[12] The creators have also been criticized for projecting the superiority of Brahminical or upper-caste Hindu culture over other viewpoints, presenting Indian caste hierarchies uncritically. However, Aruna Rao points out that India Book House responded to some of the criticism about the depiction of women and minorities, and attempted to make amends by adopting a broader perspective.[11]

The stories have often been criticized as distorted depictions of history, with characters being seen simplistically as 'good' and 'bad' - brave Hindu kings and Muslim 'outsiders', and so on.[13] Also, the aim is often to create a hagiography and a lesson in character-building at the expense of authenticity and historical truth.[14] Another criticism is that comic books, by their very nature, do not reflect the richness and complexity of the oral tradition of Indian mythology in which multiple versions of a story can co-exist simultaneously.[15] One mainstream version is privileged over regional and folk versions, which the younger audience then comes to accept as the only 'truthful' version.

Further reading

  • Love revives Indian comics After a break of 4 years, Amar Chitra Katha launches a new title on Mother Teresa: Little Acts Of Love, on August 26, 2010, to celebrate the Mother's 100th birth anniversary.
  • India's Immortal Comic Books: Gods, Kings, and Other Heroes, by Karline McLain, Indiana University Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-253-22052-3.
  • The Classic Popular: Amar Chitra Katha (1967-2007), by Nandini Chandra, Yoda Press, 2008. ISBN 81-903634-3-3.3
  • "Amar Chitra Katha: Western Forms, Indian Contents", by Sanjay Sircar, Bookbird, A Journal of International Children's Literature, 2000, 38, Nr. 4, p. 35-36.
  • "From Self-Knowledge to Super Heroes: The Story of Indian Comics", by Aruna Rao, 2001, in: Lent, A. John (Ed.), Illustrating Asia, Comics, Humour Magazines, and Picture Books, Richmond, p. 37-63.
  • "India Book House and Amar Chitra Katha (1970-2002)",(German), by Norbert Barth, Würzburg 2008, http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-wuerzburg/volltexte/2008/2789/pdf/indiabookhouse.pdf
  • Deepa Sreenivas (7 April 2010). Sculpting a Middle Class: History, Masculinity and the Amar Chitra Katha in India. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-56310-9. Retrieved 17 April 2012.

References

  1. ^ "Amar Chitra Katha, Tinkle to entertain kids on Net". CNN-IBN. 2008-01-27. Archived from the original on 28 January 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-28. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ "ACK Media buys Amar Chitra Katha, Tinkle brands". The Hindu Business Line. 2007-11-22. Retrieved 2008-01-28.
  3. ^ In India, New Life for Comic Books as TV Cartoons New York Times, July 19, 2009."...sells about three million comic books a year, in English and more than 20 Indian languages, and has sold about 100 million copies since it inception in 1967"
  4. ^ Now, Amar Chitra Katha gets even younger Vijay Singh, TNN, The Times of India, 16 October 2009.
  5. ^ The World of Amar Chitra Katha Media and the Transformation of Religion in South Asia, by Lawrence A Babb, Susan S. Wadley. Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1998. ISBN 81-208-1453-3. Chapt. 4, p. 76-86.
  6. ^ A Pandit Had A Dream... Outlook India Magazine, 21 March 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2011
  7. ^ "Welcome to". Iremedi.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-07-22. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ "Amar Chitra Katha in Apple iTunes Store". Ax.search.itunes.apple.com. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-07-22. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ "Amar Chitra Katha in the Apple iBookstore". Ax.search.itunes.apple.com. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
  10. ^ Roy, Nilanjana S. (Mar 02, 2011). "Uncle Pai and the Amar Chitra Katha universe". Business Standard. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ^ a b Rao, Aruna (2001). "From Self-Knowledge to Super Heroes: The Story of Indian Comics". In John A. Lent (ed.). Illustrating Asia: Comics, Humor Magazines, and Picture Books. University of Hawaii Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-8248-2471-6. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  12. ^ a b Karline McLain (11 February 2009). India's Immortal Comic Books: Gods, Kings, and Other Heroes. Indiana University Press. pp. 7–. ISBN 978-0-253-22052-3. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  13. ^ Desai, Chetan. 2003. "The Krishna Controversy." International Journal of Comic Art. Spring:325-333.
  14. ^ John Stratton Hawley (1 January 1998). "The Saints Subdued: Domestic Virtue and National Integration in Amar Chitra Katha". In Lawrence A Babb & Susan S. Wadley (ed.). Media And The Transformation Of Religion In South Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. pp. 107–. ISBN 978-81-208-1453-0. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  15. ^ Steven E. Lindquist (1 October 2011). Religion and Identity in South Asia and Beyond: Essays in Honor of Patrick Olivelle. Anthem Press. pp. 385–. ISBN 978-0-85728-790-8. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
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