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Post-and-plank

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Ancient example of partial bohlenständerkonstruktion from the 13th century in Dornbirn, Austria
Bunge Museum in Gotland, 17th century. The wall planks fit into grooves in the posts
A barn recognized as a cultural heritage monument in Bassum, Germany. Note the wattle-work for ventilation.
Reconstruction of building remains found at Biskupin, Poland. from circa 738 B.C.
Bulhus Gotland
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Skiftesverk.

The method of building wooden buildings with a traditional timber frame with horizontal plank or log infill has many names, the most common of which are piece sur piece (French), corner post construction, Post-and-plank, standerbohlenbau (German) and Skiftesverk (Swedish). This traditional building method is believed to be the predecessor to half-timber construction widely known by its German name fachwerkbau which has wall infill of wattle and daub, brick, or stone. This carpentry was used from parts of Scandinavia to Switzerland to western Russia. Though relatively rare now, two types are found in a number of regions in North America, more common are the walls with planks or timbers which slide in a groove in the posts and less common is a type where horizontal logs are tenoned into individual mortises in the posts. This method is not the same as the plank-frame buildings in North America with vertical plank walls.

Other names

  • French: Pièce sur pièce poteaux et pièce coulissante (piece on piece sliding in a groove), pièce sur pièce en coulisse, poteaux et piece coulissante, pieces sur pieces, poiteau cannale,[1] poteaux sur soles[2]
  • German (including southern Germany, Switzerland, and Austria): blockstanderbau (log frame construction), standerblockbau (frame log construction), ständerbohlenbau (post plank construction), bohlenständerbau (plank post construction), and sometimes bohlenwand
  • Polish: sumikowo-latkowej or more often sumikowo-łątkowa (planks sumiki, sumikami, palcami, post latki)
  • English: Section plank wall,[3] corner-post log construction, corner posting technique, corner posting,[4] post cornering, vertical-post log construction, post and log, post and panel, Red River frame, Hudson’s Bay style, Hudson’s Bay corners, Rocky Mountain frame, Manitoba Frame, “Métis” style, “French” style, slotted post construction, grooved post,[5] post and fill,[6] panel construction, section panel, and running mortise and tenon (or tongue).
  • Danish: bulhus (bole house which means plank house)
  • Italian: a ritti e panconi

European history

A 1460 Bohlenständerbau (plank-frame house) in Switzerland

“The support of horizontal timbers by corner posts is an old form of construction in Europe. It was apparently carried across much of the continent from Silesia by the Lausitz urnfield culture in the late Bronze Age.”[7] The Lausitz culture is also known as the Lusatian culture and within their territory is an archaeological site and Archaeological open air museum at Biskupin, Poland, where remnants of such structures were found and reconstructed. The structures found dated from 747-722 B.C and are similar in concept to piece sur piece construction.[8] This historic carpentry is known in southern Sweden (skiftesverk), particularly Gotland where it is also known as bulhus, Germany, Poland, Hungry, Lithuania, Selsia, Switzerland, Austria.

North American history

The 1741 Golden Plough Tavern, York, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. The ground floor is standerblockbau and the upper floor on the front is half timbered (fachwerkbau)

Researchers believe this building method was introduced to Canada by French fur trappers working for the Hudson Bay Company. And, to the United States by Alpine-Alemannic Germans or Swiss.[9] The Hudson Bay Company adopted this style for most of its outposts all the way to the Pacific coast.[10]

Some examples of surviving houses of this structural type are the circa 1809 Cray House in Stevensville, Maryland, 1832 Jacob Highbarger House in Maryland, and the George Diehl Homestead.

See also

Slab hut Australian English for vertical plank wall construction Plank house Native American plank buildings

External links

References

  1. ^ Brumbaugh, G. Edwin. “Colonial Architecture of the Pennsylvania Germans,” Pennsylvania German Society, Vol. 41. from http://www.huntingdonhistoryresearchnetwork.net/?page_id=236
  2. ^ Hale, Richard W., Jr. “The French Side of the ‘Log Cabin Myth,’” Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Vol. 72 (1957-1960), pp. 118-125.
  3. ^ Used by notable researchers such as Harold Robert Shurtleff and Sigurd Emanuel Erixon
  4. ^ Jordan, Terry G. American Log Buildings: An Old World Heritage. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 1985. Biblio. Index.
  5. ^ Rempel, John I. Building with Wood and other aspects of nineteenth-century building in Central Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto. Rev. Ed., 1980.
  6. ^ Rempel, John I. Building with Wood and other aspects of nineteenth-century building in Central Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto. Rev. Ed., 1980.
  7. ^ Upton, Dell, and John Michael Vlach. Common places: readings in American vernacular architecture. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986., referencing V. Gordon Childe, The Bronze Age, (NY, Macmillan, 1930, pp. 206-8)
  8. ^ http://www.biskupin.pl
  9. ^ Jordan, Terry, Alpine, “Alemannic, and American Log Architecture”, Annals, Association of American Geographers, Vol. 70(1980), pp. 154-80).
  10. ^ “Corner-Post Log Construction: Description, Analysis, and Sources”, A Report to Early American Industries Association by Nancy S. Shedd March 10, 1986 and updated 2011 http://www.huntingdonhistoryresearchnetwork.net/?page_id=236
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