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Jackalope

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This article is about the animal. For other uses, see Jackalope (disambiguation).
A mock-up of a stuffed Jackalope in a restaurant near Death Valley

The jackalope is a mythical animal of North American folklore (a so-called "fearsome critter") described as a jackrabbit with antelope horns or deer antlers and sometimes a pheasant's tail (and often hind legs). The word "jackalope" is a portmanteau of "jackrabbit" and "antalope", an archaic spelling of "antelope".

It is possible that the tales of jackalopes were inspired by sightings of rabbits infected with the Shope papilloma virus, which causes the growth of horn- and antler-like tumors in various places on the rabbit's head and body.[1][2] However, the concept of an animal hybrid occurs in many cultures, for example as the griffin and the chimera. Indeed, the term chimera has become the categorical term for such composites within the English language.

Myth

Rabbit with Shope papilloma virus infection
Plate XLVII of Animalia Qvadrvpedia et Reptilia (Terra) by Joris Hoefnagel, circa 1575, showing a "horned hare"

The jackalope has led to many outlandish (and largely tongue-in-cheek) claims as to the creature's habits. It is given the pseudo-taxonomic descriptor Lepus temperamentalus.[3] It is said to be a hybrid of the pygmy-deer and a species of "killer rabbit". Reportedly, jackalopes are extremely shy unless approached. Legend also has it that female jackalopes can be milked as they sleep belly up and that the milk can be used for a variety of medicinal purposes.[4] It has also been said that the jackalope can convincingly imitate any sound, including the human voice. It uses this ability to elude pursuers, chiefly by using phrases such as "There he goes! That way!" During days of the Old West, when cowboys gathered by the campfires singing at night, jackalopes could often be heard mimicking their voices.[5] It is said that a jackalope may be caught by putting a flask of eggnog out at night. The jackalope will drink its fill which will make it easier to hunt.[citation needed] In some parts of the United States it is said that jackalope meat has a taste similar to lobster. However, legend has it that they are dangerous if approached. It has also been said that jackalopes will only breed during winter electrical storms, explaining its rarity.

The Jackalope was claimed to be first encountered by John Colter, one of the first white men to enter what would one day be the State of Wyoming.[5]Another "first" Jackolope spotting was said to be in Douglas, Wyoming, according to legend, in 1829. In this town, due to the discovery, there is a statue of the Jackolope, and they celebrate Jackalope Day every year.[6] Jackalopes are legendary in the U.S. – attributed by the New York Times to a 1932 hunting outing involving Douglas Herrick (1920–2003) of Douglas, Wyoming, and thus the town was named the "Home of the Jackalope" by the state of Wyoming in 1985. The state of Wyoming trademarked the name in 1965. According to the Douglas Chamber of Commerce, a 1930s hunting trip for jackrabbits led to the idea of a Jackalope. Herrick and his brother had studied taxidermy by mail order as teenagers.[7] When the brothers returned from a hunting trip, Herrick tossed a jackrabbit carcass into the taxidermy store, where it came to rest beside a pair of deer antlers. The accidental combination of animal forms sparked Douglas Herrick's idea for a jackalope.[8] The first jackalope the brothers put together was sold for $10 to Roy Ball, who displayed it in Douglas' La Bonte Hotel. The mounted head was stolen in 1977.[9] The Douglas Chamber of Commerce has issued thousands of Jackalope Hunting Licenses to tourists. The tags are good for hunting only during official Jackalope season, which occurs for only one day: June 31 (a nonexistent date as June has 30 days), from midnight to 2 AM. The hunter may not have an IQ greater than 72.[10] In 2005, the House of the Wyoming state legislature passed a bill to declare the jackalope the "official mythological creature" of Wyoming, by a vote of 45-12 and referred it to the state Senate, where the bill was indefinitely postponed on March 2, 2005.[11]

More mythologic references can be found in the Huichol legends of the deer and the horned rabbit. The Huichol oral tradition has passed down tales of the sharing of horns between the two animals. This folklore may be due to the papilloma viral infection of the Western United States and Mexico from the 1880s - 1930's.[12] The rabbit and deer have also been paired up as far back as the Mesoamerican period of the Aztecs[13] as twins, brothers, even the sun and moon.[14]

Similar creatures have been recognized for centuries in alpine regions of Europe (Germany, Austria, France, Switzerland), including the following: Wolpertinger (Bayern, Germany), Blutschink (Tirol, Austria), Dahu (Switzerland, France), Dilldapp (some specific regions), Elwetritsch (Pfalz, Germany), Hanghuhn (Thüringen, Germany), Raurakl　(Schwarzau im Gebirge, Austria), and Rasselbock (Thüringen and Sachsen, Germany).

Jackalope statue outside of Wall Drug in South Dakota

Since Herrick and his brother began selling manipulated taxidermy heads in the 1930s, such trophies can be found in many bars and homes across the United States. Herrick's postcards of the jackalope also increased the myth's popularity.[6] Ronald Reagan was given a rabbit head with antlers by South Dakotan senator James Abdnor in 1986.[15]

Jackalope legends are sometimes used by locals to play tricks on tourists.

"The Jackalope" or "Jack Ching Bada Bing" was a recurring character in a series of sketches on the American TV show America's Funniest People (1990-1994), where he would play pranks on his nemesis, in a similar style to a Bugs Bunny Cartoon.[16]

Jackalope have also appeared in video games. In Red Dead Redemption, the player is able to hunt and skin jackalope as an in-game challenge. In Redneck Rampage, jackalope are an aggressive enemy encountered early on in the game.[citation needed] Jackalopes play part in an in game event and is also one of the rarest purchasable mini pet in Guild Wars 2.

The band Miike Snow uses the Jackalope as their logo.[17]

Jakalope is a Canadian alternative pop/rock group formed in 2003 by industrial musician and producer Dave "Rave" Ogilvie.[18]

In the animated television series "Gravity Falls", Jackalopes occasionally appear in the opening sequence and photos.

One version of the popular Linux operating system Ubuntu is named after the Jackalope.

The city of Odessa, TX has been home to professional and Junior A ice hockey teams named the "Odessa Jackalopes".

The Hop Factory craft beer cafe in Newcastle, Australia uses a leaping Jackalope as its logo.[19]

See also

References

  1. ^ Jacks for Real
  2. ^ Eberhart, George M. "Mysterious Creatures: Creating A Cryptozoological Encyclopedia." 2005. Journal of Scientific Exploration. Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 103-113
  3. ^ "The Jackalope Conspiracy". Sudftw.com. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
  4. ^ "Jackalope, The Legend « Kristal Lee". Kristalleeromances.com. 2011-04-11. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
  5. ^ a b "The Jackalopes of Wyoming - Myth or Reality?". Legendsofamerica.com. 2006-11-16. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
  6. ^ a b "The Jackalope". Museumofhoaxes.com. 2003-01-06. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
  7. ^ The Jackalope : Austin, Tx
  8. ^ [1][dead link]
  9. ^ "Los Angeles Times, 23 Jan 2003". Articles.latimes.com. 2008-11-06. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
  10. ^ "New York Times Obituary, 19 Jan 2003, Section 1, Page 23". Nytimes.com. 2003-01-19. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
  11. ^ "Wyoming Legislature Journal Digest". Legisweb.state.wy.us. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
  12. ^ Barbour, Erwin H. 1901 "A Peculiar Disease of Birds' Feet Observed in Central Nebraska." Proceedings of the Nebraska Ornithological Union 2:61-63
  13. ^ Codex Borgia 1976:33
  14. ^ Furst, J.L. "Horned Rabbit: Natural History and Myth in West Mexico." Journal of Latin American Lore 15:1 (1989), 137-149
  15. ^ The Dispatch - Google News Archive Search
  16. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=By9sHP1MWVk
  17. ^ Madison, Lucy. "Putting the I's in Miike Snow". Interview. Retrieved 2012-11-25.
  18. ^ Jakalope
  19. ^ http://www.beerandbrewer.com/_blog/News/post/new-craft-beer-digs-in-newcastle/
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