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Zettabyte

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Multiple-byte units
Decimal
Value Metric
1000 kB kilobyte
10002 MB megabyte
10003 GB gigabyte
10004 TB terabyte
10005 PB petabyte
10006 EB exabyte
10007 ZB zettabyte
10008 YB yottabyte
10009 RB ronnabyte
100010 QB quettabyte
Binary
Value IEC Memory
1024 KiB kibibyte KB kilobyte
10242 MiB mebibyte MB megabyte
10243 GiB gibibyte GB gigabyte
10244 TiB tebibyte TB terabyte
10245 PiB pebibyte –
10246 EiB exbibyte –
10247 ZiB zebibyte –
10248 YiB yobibyte –
10249 – –
102410 – –
Orders of magnitude of data

The zettabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The prefix zetta indicates the seventh power of 1000 and means 1021 in the International System of Units (SI), and therefore one zettabyte is one sextillion (one long scale trilliard) bytes.[1][2][3][4][5] The unit symbol is ZB.

1 ZB = 1000000000000000000000bytes = 10007bytes = 1021bytes = 1000exabytes = 1 billion terabytes.

A related unit, the zebibyte (ZiB), using a binary prefix, means 10247bytes.

Usage examples

  • GUID Partition Table (GPT) allows for a maximum disk and partition size of 9.4 zettabytes, or 8 zebibytes, when using 512-byte sectors.[6][7]
  • ZFS allows for a maximum storage capacity of 256 quadrillion zettabytes.[8]

First proposed store of zettabyte capacity

On April 12, 2013, Fox News published a story indicating that the new NSA Data Center south of Salt Lake City, UT, will be able to contain up to 5 zettabytes of data, "according to some reports".[9] Randall Munroe criticised these news reports.[10]

Comparisons for scale

As of April 2013, no storage system had achieved one zettabyte of information. The combined space of all computer hard drives in the world was estimated at approximately 160 exabytes in 2006.[11] As of 2009, the entire World Wide Web was estimated to contain close to 500 exabytes.[12] This is one half zettabyte. This has increased rapidly however, as Seagate Technology reported selling 330 exabytes worth of hard drives during the 2011 Fiscal Year.[13]

As of 2013, the World Wide Web is estimated to have reached 4 Zettabytes.[14]

  • The world's technological capacity to receive information through one-way broadcast networks was 0.432 zettabytes of (optimally compressed) information in 1986, 0.715 in 1993, 1.2 in 2000, and 1.9 (optimally compressed) zettabytes in 2007 (this is the informational equivalent to every person on earth receiving 174 newspapers per day).[15][16]
  • Mark Liberman calculated the storage requirements for all human speech ever spoken at 42 zettabytes if digitized as 16 kHz 16-bit audio. This was done in response to a popular expression that states "all words ever spoken by human beings" could be stored in approximately 5 exabytes of data (see exabyte for details). Liberman did freely confess that "maybe the authors [of the exabyte estimate] were thinking about text".[18]
  • Research from the University of Southern California reports that in 2007, humankind successfully sent 1.9 zettabytes of information through broadcast technology such as televisions and GPS.[19]

References

  1. ^ Tom Burton (2008-01-31). "Zettabyte flood predicted for 2015".
  2. ^ Lucas Mearian (2007-03-06). "A zettabyte by 2010: Corporate data grows fiftyfold in three years". Computerworld.
  3. ^ Lucas Mearian (2008-03-11). "Study: Digital universe and its impact bigger than we thought". Computerworld.
  4. ^ "Internet Traffic to Reach a Zettabyte by 2015, Says Study". 2008-01-31.
  5. ^ Bret Swanson & George Gilder (2008-01-29). "The Impact of Video and Rich Media on the Internet – A 'zettabyte' by 2015?". Discovery Institute.
  6. ^ "FAQ: Drive Partition Limits" (PDF). UEFI Forum. 2010-06-09. Retrieved 2013-05-29.
  7. ^ Roderick W. Smith (2012-07-03). "Make the most of large drives with GPT and Linux". IBM. Retrieved 2013-05-29. Disk pointers are 64 bits in size, meaning that GPT can handle disks of up to 512 x 264 bytes (8 zebibytes, or 8.6 billion TiB), assuming 512-byte sectors.
  8. ^ "Oracle Solaris ZFS Administration Guide". Oracle Corporation. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
  9. ^ Catherine Herridge (April 12, 2013). "NSA data center front and center in debate over liberty, security and privacy". Fox News Channel.
  10. ^ http://what-if.xkcd.com/63/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. ^ John F. Gantz (March 2007). "An IDC White Paper: The Expanding Digital Universe" (PDF). EMC.
  12. ^ Richard Wray (2009-05-18). "Internet data heads for 500bn gigabytes". The Guardian.
  13. ^ Douglas Perry (2011-07-22). "The Average HDD is Now 590 GB in Capacity". Tom's Hardware.
  14. ^ Richard Currier (2013-06-21). "In 2013 the amount of data generated worldwide will reach four zettabytes".
  15. ^ Martin Hilbert and Priscila López (2011-02-10). "The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information" (PDF). University of Vermont. Vol. 332 no. 6025 pp. 60-65
  16. ^ Martin Hilbert (2011-06-11). "World_info_capacity_animation". Youtube.
  17. ^ "IDC Predicts 2012 Will Be the Year of Mobile and Cloud Platform Wars as IT Vendors Vie for Leadership While the Industry Redefines Itself". IDC. 2011-12-01.
  18. ^ Mark Liberman (2003-11-03). "Zettascale Linguistics". University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 2012-07-31.
  19. ^ Suzanne Wu (2011-02-10). "How Much Information Is There in the World?". University of Southern California.
  20. ^ Roger E. Bohn & James E. Short (January 2010). "How Much Information? 2009 Report on American Consumers" (PDF). University of California, San Diego.
  21. ^ Blueprints Of NSA's Ridiculously Expensive Data Center In Utah Suggest It Holds Less Info Than Thought, Forbes, July 24, 2013, Retrieved December 19, 2013
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