Procolophonoidea

Procolophonoidea; Temporal range: 260.5–199.6 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Mid Wuchiapingian - Rhaetian
	Hypsognathus fenneri
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Clade:	†Parareptilia
Order:	†Procolophonomorpha
Suborder:	†Procolophonia
Superfamily:	†Procolophonoidea; Broom, 1939

Procolophonoidea is an extinct superfamily of procolophonian parareptiles. Members were characteristically small, stocky, and lizard-like in appearance. Fossils have been found worldwide from many continents including Antarctica.^[1] The first members appeared during the Late Permian in the Karoo Basin of South Africa.^[2]

Taxonomy

Procolophonoidea includes the families Owenettidae and Procolophonidae. Sclerosaurus, which is placed within its own family Sclerosauridae, may be a member of the superfamily as well.

When the superfamily was constructed in 1956, it was thought to be within the anthracosaur suborder Diadectomorpha.^[3] Since then it has been placed within the suborder Procolophonia along with the pareiasaurs, a group of large herbivorous Permian parareptiles.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Procolophonia
- Procolophonoidea
  - Family Owenettidae
    - Species "Owenetta" kitchingorum
    - Genus Barasaurus
    - Genus Candelaria
    - Genus Owenetta
    - Genus Ruhuhuaria
    - Genus Saurodektes
  - Family Procolophonidae
    - ? Genus Gomphiosauridion
    - ? Genus Kinelia
    - ? Genus Spondylolestes
    - ? Genus Xenodiphyodon
    - Genus Coletta
    - Genus Kitchingnathus
    - Genus Lasasaurus
    - Genus Phaanthosaurus
    - Genus Pintosaurus
    - Genus Sauropareion
    - Genus Tichvinskia
    - Subfmily Leptopleuroninae
    - Subfmily Procolophoninae
    - Subfmily Theledectinae

Cladogram of Procolophonoidea, excluding members of Procolophonidae

Procolophonoidea

Owenettidae

void

Barasaurus

void	Owenetta rubidgei

	Saurodektes

void	"Owenetta" kitchingorum

	Candelaria

void

Coletta

void	Sauropareion

	Procolophonidae

Cisneros et al. 2004^[8]

Cladogram of Procolophonidae

Procolophonidae

void

Contritosaurus

Tichvinskia

void

Procolophon

void

	Hypsognathus

Modesto et al. 2001^[9]

References

^ Colbert, E. H. and Kitching, J. W. (1975). The Triassic reptile Procolophon in Antarctica. American Museum Novitates 2566:1-23.
^ Broom, R. (1939). A new type of cotylosaurian, Owenetta rubidgei. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 19:319–321.
^ Romer, A. S. (1956). Osteology of the Reptiles. University of Chicago Press. 772 pp.
^ Daly, E. (1973). A Lower Permian vertebrate fauna from southern Oklahoma. Journal of Paleontology 47(3):562-589.
^ Carroll, R. L. (1988). Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. WH Freeman and Company, New York ISBN 0-7167-1822-7.
^ Lee, M. S. Y. (1997). Pareisaur phylogeny and the origin of turtles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 120(3):197-280.
^ Modesto, S. P. and Damiani, R. (2007). The procolophonoid reptile Sauropareion anoplus from the lowermost Triassic of South Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27(2):337-349.
^ Cisneros, J. C., Damiani, R., Schultz, C., da Rosa, A., Schwanke, C., Neto, L. W. and Aurélio, P. L. P. (2004) A procolophonoid reptile with temporal fenestration from the Middle Triassic of Brazil. Proceedings of the Royal Sociey Series B 271(1547):1541–1546.
^ Modesto, S. Sues, H.-D. and Damiani, R. (2001). A new Triassic procolophonoid reptile and its implications for procolophonoid survivorship during the Permo-Triassic extinction event. Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B 268(2001):2047–2052.

External links

Introduction to Procolophonoidea University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP)
Procolophonoidea in the Paleobiology Database

[1] Colbert, E. H. and Kitching, J. W. (1975). The Triassic reptile Procolophon in Antarctica. American Museum Novitates 2566:1-23.

[2] Broom, R. (1939). A new type of cotylosaurian, Owenetta rubidgei. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 19:319–321.

[3] Romer, A. S. (1956). Osteology of the Reptiles. University of Chicago Press. 772 pp.

[4] Daly, E. (1973). A Lower Permian vertebrate fauna from southern Oklahoma. Journal of Paleontology 47(3):562-589.

[5] Carroll, R. L. (1988). Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. WH Freeman and Company, New York ISBN 0-7167-1822-7.

[6] Lee, M. S. Y. (1997). Pareisaur phylogeny and the origin of turtles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 120(3):197-280.

[7] Modesto, S. P. and Damiani, R. (2007). The procolophonoid reptile Sauropareion anoplus from the lowermost Triassic of South Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27(2):337-349.

[8] Cisneros, J. C., Damiani, R., Schultz, C., da Rosa, A., Schwanke, C., Neto, L. W. and Aurélio, P. L. P. (2004) A procolophonoid reptile with temporal fenestration from the Middle Triassic of Brazil. Proceedings of the Royal Sociey Series B 271(1547):1541–1546.

[9] Modesto, S. Sues, H.-D. and Damiani, R. (2001). A new Triassic procolophonoid reptile and its implications for procolophonoid survivorship during the Permo-Triassic extinction event. Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B 268(2001):2047–2052.

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