Climate of South Africa
This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. (February 2014) |
South Africa is situated between 22°S and 35°S, in the Southern Hemisphere's subtropical zone. It has a wider variety of climates than most other countries in sub-Saharan Africa, and it has lower average temperatures than other countries within this range of latitude, like Australia, because much of the interior of South Africa is at higher elevation.
Temperature
South Africa has seasons typical for the Southern Hemisphere, with the coldest days in June–August. On the central plateau, which includes the Free State and Gauteng provinces, the altitude keeps the average temperatures below 30 °C (86 °F); Johannesburg, for example, lies at 1,753 metres (5,751 ft). In winter temperatures can drop below freezing, also due to altitude. During winter it is warmest in the coastal regions, especially on the eastern Indian Ocean coast.
City | Summer (Jan) Max | Summer (Jan) Min | Winter (July) Max | Winter (July) Min |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bloemfontein | 31 | 15 | 17 | -2 |
Cape Town | 26 | 16 | 18 | 7 |
Durban | 28 | 21 | 23 | 11 |
East London | 26 | 18 | 21 | 10 |
George | 25 | 15 | 19 | 7 |
Johannesburg | 26 | 15 | 17 | 4 |
Kimberley | 33 | 18 | 19 | 3 |
Mthatha | 27 | 16 | 21 | 4 |
Musina | 34 | 21 | 25 | 7 |
Nelspruit | 29 | 19 | 23 | 6 |
Pietermaritzburg | 28 | 18 | 23 | 3 |
Polokwane | 28 | 17 | 20 | 4 |
Port Elizabeth | 25 | 18 | 20 | 9 |
Pretoria | 29 | 18 | 20 | 5 |
Richards Bay | 29 | 21 | 23 | 12 |
Skukuza | 33 | 21 | 26 | 6 |
Thohoyandou | 31 | 20 | 24 | 10 |
Upington | 36 | 20 | 21 | 4 |
Precipitation
South Africa is a sunny country, averaging 8-10 daily sunshine hours in most regions.[2] The average annual rainfall for South Africa is 450mm (compared to a global average of 860mm) but large and unpredictable variations are common. Overall, rainfall is greatest in the east and gradually decreases westward, with some semi-desert areas along the western edge of South Africa. For most of the country, rain falls mainly in the summer months with brief afternoon thunderstorms. The exception is the Western Cape and its capital city Cape Town where the climate is Mediterranean and it rains more in the wintertime.[3] In the winter months, snow collects on the high mountains of the Cape and the Drakensberg.
Oceans
The Indian and Atlantic oceans meet at the southwestern tip of South Africa. The warm Agulhas Current runs south along the east coast and the cold Benguela Current flows north along the western shore. As a result, there is at least a 6°C difference in the annual temperatures of Durban (on the east) and Port Nolloth (on the west) despite being located at roughly the same latitude.[4]
Climatic zones
Highveld
The Highveld is the eastern plateau area of South Africa. It is typified by Johannesburg, at an elevation of 1,753 metres (5,751 ft). The former CBD is located on the south side of the prominent ridge called the Witwatersrand (Afrikaans: White Water's Ridge) and the terrain falls to the north and south. By and large the Witwatersrand marks the watershed between the Limpopo and Vaal rivers. The north and west of the city has undulating hills while the eastern parts are flatter.
The city enjoys a dry, sunny climate, with the exception of occasional late afternoon downpours in the summer months of October to April. [citation needed] Temperatures in Johannesburg are usually fairly mild due to the city's high altitude, with the average maximum daytime temperature in January of 26 °C (78.8 °F), dropping to an average maximum of around 16 °C (60.8 °F) in June. Winter is the sunniest time of the year, with cool days and cold nights. The temperature occasionally drops to below freezing at night, causing frost. Snow is a rare occurrence, with snowfall having been experienced in May 1956, August 1962, June 1964, September 1981, August 2006 (light), on 27 June 2007,[5] accumulating up to 10 centimetres (3.9 in) in the southern suburbs, and most recently on 7 August 2012.
Regular cold fronts pass over in winter bringing very cold southerly winds but usually clear skies. The annual average rainfall is 713 millimetres (28.1 in), which is mostly concentrated in the summer months. Infrequent showers occur through the course of the winter months.
Bushveld
Lowveld
Steppe
Drakensberg
Desert and Semi-Desert
holacomoestas
Mediterranean
The Western Cape province has a Mediterranean climate with warm to hot, dry, sunny summer weather and mild, rainy conditions in winter.
Karoo
South Coast
afrika is col
Sub-Tropical East Coast
fgt
Notes
- ^ "South Africa's weather and climate". SouthAfrica.info. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- ^ "South Africa". BBC Weather. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- ^ "About SA - Geography and Climate". South African Government Online. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- ^ "About SA - Geography and Climate". South African Government Online. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- ^ SABCnews.com. "Joburg covered by snow as temperature drops". Archived from the original on 29 June 2007. Retrieved 16 July 2007.