Demand controlled ventilation
Demand Controlled Ventilation (DCV) is automatic adjustment of ventilation equipment to meet occupant demand. DCV is a control method used to modulate the volume of fresh air taken into a building or other occupied space by mechanical air conditioning equipment. Sensors or time schedules are used to estimate ventilation need and automated control loops are used to meet a set point determined by a design engineer. The design engineer references a codified standard when determining ventilation set points.
There is a significant energy saving potential in rigorous outdoor air control. http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/fta_co2.pdf
Common reference standards for ventilation:
- ISO ICS 91.140.30: Ventilation and air-conditioning systems
- ASHRAE 62.1 & 62.2: The standards for Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality
Examples of estimating occupancy
- Timed schedules
- Motion sensors (various technologies including: Audible sound, inaudible sound, infared)[1]
- Gas detection (CO2)</ref> In a survey on Norwegian schools, using CO2 sensors for DCV was found to reduce energy consumption by 62% when compared with a constant air volume (CAV) ventilation system.[2]
- Positive control gates
- Ticket sales
- Security equipment data share (including people counting video software)[3][4]
- Inference from other system sensors/equipment
References
- ^ KMC Controls. (2013). Demand Control Ventilation Benefits for Your Building. Retrieved 25 March 2013, from http://www.kmccontrols.com/docs/DCV_Benefits_White_Paper_KMC_RevB.pdf
- ^ Mysen, M., Berntsen, S., Nafstad, P. & Schild, P. G. (2005). Occupancy Density and Benefits of Demand-controlled Ventilation in Norwegian Primary Schools. Energy and Buildings, 37(12), 1234–1240. Retrieved October 9, 2012.
- ^ University of California, Merced. "Occupancy Measurement, Modeling and Prediction for Energy Efficient Buildings". Retrieved 26 March 2013.
- ^ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. "Carbon Dioxide Measurement & People Counting for Demand Controlled Ventilation". Retrieved 26 March 2013.