Perspecta
Perspecta was a directional motion picture sound system, invented by the laboratories at Fine Sound Inc. in 1954. As opposed to magnetic stereophonic soundtracks available at the time, its benefits were that it did not require a new sound head for the projector and thus was a cheaper alternative.[1]
Introduced as a "directional sound system" rather than a true stereophonic sound system, Perspecta did not utilize discretely recorded sound signals. Instead, three sub-audible tones at 30 Hz, 35 Hz, and 40 Hz are mixed appropriately and embedded in a monaural optical soundtrack, in addition to the audible sound. When run through a Perspecta integrator, depending on whenever each tone is present, the audio is fed into a left (30 Hz), center (35 Hz) and right (40 Hz) speaker. Unlike true stereophonic sound, which would be described as discrete tracks running in synchronization in time and phase, Perspecta merely panned a mono mix across various channels. Because of this, only isolated dialog or sound effects could be mixed to be directional. Mixed sound effects, dialog and music could not be suitably mixed. Aside from panning, Perspecta controlled gain levels for each channel through the amplitude of each control signal.[1]
MGM Studios and Paramount Pictures were major supporters and developers of Perspecta, and used on all Paramount VistaVision pictures when the system was unveiled in 1954 until it fell out of favor around 1958. Universal-International, Warner Bros., Columbia Pictures, United Artists, and Toho were among some of the other major studios to utilize Perspecta regularly.[2]
Select list of notable Perspecta features
- Athena (MGM, 1954)
- Beau Brummell (MGM, 1954)
- White Christmas (Par, 1954)
- The Barefoot Contessa (UA, 1954)
- Gone with the Wind (MGM, 1954 reissue)
- King Richard and the Crusaders (WB, 1954) (also magnetic)
- Lucky Me (WB, 1954) (also magnetic)
- 3 Ring Circus (Par, 1955)
- Artists and Models (Par, 1955)
- Bad Day at Black Rock (MGM, 1955) (also magnetic)
- Bedevilled (MGM, 1955) (also magnetic)
- East of Eden (WB, 1955) (also magnetic)
- The Far Horizons (Par, 1955)
- Hell's Island (Par, 1955)
- Kismet (MGM, 1955)
- The Last Hunt (MGM, 1955)
- Run for Cover (Par, 1955)
- The Seven Little Foys (Par, 1955)
- The Spoilers (U-I, 1955)
- Strategic Air Command (Par, 1955)
- To Catch a Thief (Par, 1955)
- The Tender Trap (MGM, 1955)
- This Island Earth (U-I, 1955)
- We're No Angels (Par, 1955)
- You're Never Too Young (Par, 1955)
- Away All Boats (U-I, 1956)
- Lust for Life (MGM, 1956)
- Forbidden Planet (MGM, 1956) (also magnetic)
- Invasion of the Body Snatchers (UA, 1956)
- High Society (MGM, 1956)
- Jailhouse Rock (MGM, 1957)
- The Seventh Sin (MGM, 1957)
- Vertigo (Par, 1958)
- Gigi (MGM, 1958) (also magnetic)
- The Hidden Fortress (Toho, 1958)
- Yojimbo (Toho, 1961)[3]
- Sanjuro (Toho, 1962)[4]
- King Kong vs. Godzilla (Toho, 1962)
References
- ^ a b "A Lecture on Sound pathetic Perspecta". YouTube. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
- ^ Fine, Robert (July 1954). "PERSPECTA - the All-Purpose Recording and Reproducing Sound System". The American Widescreen Museum. Retrieved 23 June 2015. Article originally from International Projectionist.
- ^ "Yojimbo (1961) - The Criterion Collection". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
- ^ "Sanjuro (1962) - The Criterion Collection". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
External links
- The American Widescreen Museum (Perspecta wing)