Bed Bath & Beyond (online retailer)
Company type | Public |
---|---|
Nasdaq: OSTK | |
Industry | Retail |
Founded | May 1999 |
Headquarters | , United States |
Key people | Mitch Edwards, Acting CEO (April 2016); Patrick Byrne, founder |
Revenue | ![]() |
![]() | |
![]() | |
Total assets | ![]() |
Total equity | ![]() |
Number of employees | 1,500 |
Website | Overstock.com |
Overstock.com, Inc. is an American online retailer headquartered in Cottonwood Heights, Utah, near Salt Lake City.[1] CEO Patrick M. Byrne founded the company in 1997 and launched the company in May 1999. Overstock.com sells home decor, furniture, bedding, and many other goods that are primarily closeout merchandise.[2]
Overstock.com initially sold surplus and returned merchandise on an online e-commerce marketplace, liquidating the inventories of at least 18 failed dot-com companies at below-wholesale prices. In recent years, it has expanded to sell new merchandise as well.[3][4][5][6][7][8]
The business started rebranding in early 2011 as "O.co" to simplify and unify its international operations[9] but interrupted this effort a few months later, citing consumer confusion over the new name.[10]
Overstock went public in May 2002 at an IPO price of $13, and after achieving significant growth and profits in some early quarters, achieved a profit of $7.7 million in 2009[11] and reported its first billion-dollar year in 2010.
Byrne took an indefinite leave of absence in April 2016 because of Hepatitis C complications. The general counsel, Mitch Edwards, was named acting CEO. [12]
Board of Directors
Overstock.com's Board of Directors on January 9, 2014, was Patrick Byrne, Jonathan E. Johnson III, Allison H. Abraham, Barclay F. Corbus, Samuel A. Mitchell, Stormy D. Simon, Joseph J. Tabacco, Jr. and Dr. Kirthi Kalyanam [13]
In July 2006, John J. Byrne, the father of Overstock's chief executive, resigned from the board of directors after a public airing of the elder Byrne's unhappiness with his son's crusade against naked short-selling.[14] In August 2008, Jack Byrne said that after "much initial skepticism" he believed his son was "right all along" about the battle and lawsuits with short-sellers and analysts.[15] In 2010 the elder Byrne returned to the Overstock.com board of directors.
In early 2007, John A. Fisher and Ray Groves resigned from the Overstock board of directors over disagreement with the company's prime broker suit.[16][17]
On January 2, 2008,[18] Overstock announced that cofounder Jason Lindsey had resigned as President, COO, and as a Director of Overstock effective from December 31, 2007. Byrne said Lindsey had "played a decisive role getting [Overstock] back on track" after "I screwed it up a couple years ago".[19] Overstock stock dropped to a four-year low following the announcement,[20] which an analyst for investment bank Broadpoint Capital described as a "key loss".[21]
Business model
Part of Overstock.com's merchandise is purchased by or manufactured specifically for the company. Among their products are handmade goods produced for Overstock by workers in developing nations.[22][23] The company also manages the inventory supply for other retailers.
In addition to its direct retail sales, Overstock.com began offering online auctions on its website in 2004, known as Overstock.com Marketplace and later O.co Marketplace. This service was retired in July 2011.[24]
After initially relying solely on word-of-mouth marketing from customers,[7] the company turned to distinctive television advertisements starring German actress Sabine Ehrenfeld.[25][26] Later, Briana Walker became the new spokesperson.[27] In January 2011, Caitlin Keats became their spokesperson.[28]
Since 1997, when Byrne took control and re-launched the company as Overstock the company took its time to become profitable. Byrne projected in May 2008 that Overstock would be profitable in the fourth quarter of 2008, and would achieve a $10 million profit.[29] The company indeed was profitable in Q4/2008, but resumed making losses in Q1 and Q2/2009. Overstock.com finally had its first annual profit in April 2010. On the announcement, shares of the company rose more than 30 percent.
In 2011, revenues dropped 5 percent over a two-month penalty period imposed by Google. According to the Associated Press, Overstock set up fake websites linking back to its own site. Overstock said it was penalized in part for a practice of encouraging college and university websites to post links to Overstock pages so that students and faculty could receive discounts. As a result of the Google penalty, search results for certain products dropped in Google rankings.[30][31]
In 2013, Overstock began promoting increased immigration. Overstock president Jonathan Johnson told the Los Angeles Times that his firm had struggled to hire enough computer programmers and software developers to expand the business. "We pay more, and they are still hard to fill", he said. "We need to be more free in letting people in. That helps us solve our border problem. No one goes through the window of a house if they can ring the doorbell and come in the front door."[32]
In 2014, Overstock began developing software that would allow it to distribute corporate stock online instead of using traditional methods like the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ.[33]
O.co Coliseum
In April 2011, Overstock.com acquired naming rights to the former Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum, renaming it Overstock.com Coliseum.[34] The Coliseum was later rebranded O.co Coliseum, in keeping with Overstock's ongoing rebranding as O.co. In April 2016, the name O.co Coliseum was dropped in favor of Oakland-Alameda Coliseum.
Sales tax
Overstock.com collects sales tax from the buyer on any order with a Utah shipping address and remits that tax to the State of Utah. US federal law allows a state to impose sales or use taxes only on people within the state. It does, however, allow a state to require an out-of-state seller to collect the tax from in-state buyers. But the state has this jurisdiction over the out-of-state seller only if it has minimum contacts with the state, according to the Commerce Clause of the US Constitution as interpreted by the case Quill Corp. v. North Dakota. As Overstock.com operates only in Utah, and Utah imposes a duty to collect sales tax on sales to Utah residents, Overstock.com does so.
Overstock.com has an affiliate program in which it pays commissions to people who refer business to Overstock.com. Some states believe that having such affiliates in their state meets the minimum contact requirement to give the state the power to place tax collection duties on Overstock.com. Colorado, New York, Illinois, and California are among them. To ensure it would not have to collect the taxes, Overstock.com terminated all its affiliates in those states when the states made that assertion.
Additionally, Overstock.com has declared that it believes the affiliate program does not amount to the required minimum contact under the US Constitution and that it therefore would not be required to collect the taxes even with affiliates in a state. Overstock.com has filed lawsuits seeking to clarify that point.
Overstock.com, because of its sales volume, is usually cited as a leading example of the significance of these interstate taxation laws. It is different from another large interstate seller, Amazon.com, in that Amazon has chosen to maintain ties with and collect sales taxes in some states, whereas Overstock has cut ties and does not collect tax. Overstock also charges sales tax in Kentucky and North Carolina.
New York
In 2008, Overstock.com sued New York State over New York's law that purports to require Overstock.com to collect taxes for New York based on Overstock.com affiliates physically present in New York. Overstock.com sued the state and terminated its 3,400 New York affiliates.[35] The lawsuit was dismissed as duplicative of a lawsuit filed by Amazon.com.
Illinois
In 2011, Illinois passed the "Main Street Fairness Act", which targets online retailers with Illinois affiliates.[36]
Awards
In January 2010, the National Retail Federation ranked the company #2 in the U.S. for best customer service.[37] In December of the same year, a Forbes-commissioned study found Overstock.com to be one of the top 10 best places to work in America.[38]
Naked short selling campaign
The company has received attention stemming from CEO Patrick Byrne's battle against alleged naked short selling of his company's shares. Beginning in 2005, Byrne has contended that a number of companies, including Overstock.com, have been the targets of this practice, which involves selling a stock short but without the usual step of initially borrowing or locating the shares. Byrne alleges that the practice circumvents safeguards of conventional shorting, and has been used in large schemes devised to profit from driving down the prices of companies' shares, in many cases leading to these companies' failure. With Overstock, Byrne contends that the company's longstanding appearance on the Regulation SHO Threshold Security list, an SEC-mandated list showing companies with a high number of "fails to deliver", along with high trading volumes that sometimes surpass total quantity of the company's stock, establish that it has been targeted by this practice.[39]
Byrne's campaign has been controversial, including criticism in the financial press that Byrne is seeking to divert attention from Overstock's share price declines and failure to turn a profit.[40] New York Times columnist Joseph Nocera has said in 2006 that, "Except for a few fellow-traveling Web sites, where Mr. Byrne is viewed as a heroic figure, most people who understand the issue or have looked into it think it's pretty bogus."[41] Others have suggested that the problem is real, but that the SEC acts to prevent it and that it does not happen on any scale such as Byrne suggests. SEC Chairman Christopher Cox called abusive naked short selling "a fraud that the commission is bound to prevent and to punish."[42]
Goldman Sachs documentation
In May 2012, Matt Taibbi of Rolling Stone wrote an article, Accidentally Released – and Incredibly Embarrassing – Documents Show How Goldman et al. Engaged in 'Naked Short Selling' [2]
The article discusses how in the course of discovery of lawsuits between Goldman Sachs, BankAmerica versus Rolling Stone, Overstock, the Economist, Bloomberg, and the New York Times Goldman Sachs accidentally filed an "unredacted version of Overstock's motion as an exhibit in their declaration of opposition to that motion. In doing so, they inadvertently entered into the public record a sort of greatest-hits selection of the very material they’ve been fighting for years to keep sealed."
The material released purports to show that at the highest levels within Goldman Sachs, naked short selling was known, facilitated, and encouraged, and that Goldman Sachs would reveal non-public information about the overall positions of naked short selling on specific businesses to its large hedge fund partners.
Was Goldman really disclosing "nonpublic data concerning customer short positions" to its big hedge fund clients? That would be something its smaller, "Muppet" customers would probably want to hear about.
When I contacted Goldman and asked if it was true that Masterson had shared nonpublic customer information with a big hedge fund client, their spokesperson Michael Duvally offered this explanation:
"Among other services it provides, Securities Lending at Goldman provides market color information to clients regarding various activity in the securities lending marketplace on a security specific or sector specific basis. In accordance with the group's guidelines concerning the provision of market color, Mr. Masterson provided a client with certain aggregate information regarding short balances in certain securities. The information did not contain reference to any particular clients' short positions."
Lawsuits
Overstock filed a lawsuit against the hedge fund Rocker Partners in 2005, for libel, unfair business practices and tortious interference, saying it colluded with a research firm, Gradient Analytics, in short-selling the company while paying Gradient Analytics to publish negative reports about Overstock.com and supplying pre-publication copies to Rocker. Naked short-selling was not alleged in that suit.[43] In a conference call with analysts in August 2005, a day after the suit was filed, Byrne said that "there's been a plan since we were in our teens to destroy our stock, drive it down to $6--$10 ... and even a plan for how the company would then get whacked up." He said that the conspirators were part of a "Miscreants Ball", headed by a "Sith Lord", who he refused to identify but said "he's one of the master criminals from the 1980s." Byrne said the conspiracy included hedge funds, journalists, investigators, trial lawyers, the SEC, and Eliot Spitzer."[44]
Rocker Partners, renamed Copper River Management, filed a counterclaim against Overstock in November 2007, alleging overstatement of profits, false projections, and misrepresentations about the company's ventures.[45] Copper River also alleges that Byrne tried to silence critics by suing them.[46][47][48][49] A portion of this suit was settled out of court on October 13, 2008, when Overstock.com and Gradient dropped the claims against each other after Gradient retracted allegations that Overstock's reporting methods did not comply with rules established by the FASB, stated they believed Overstock.com complied with GAAP standards, and that three directors were independent according to NASD standards, and apologized.[50][51] Byrne has said the apology and settlement "represents a great step forward in our case",[51] while Copper River's attorney stated that "If somehow this improved Overstock's case, then Gradient would admit to doing something wrong and they haven’t.", and that he expected the settlement to help Copper River's case.[52]
On December 8, 2009, it was announced that Copper River had reached an out of court settlement with Overstock. As part of the agreement, Copper River, which closed in December 2008, agreed to pay Overstock $5 million.[53] In a letter to his shareholders, Patrick Byrne said, "The good guys won". Copper River said in a statement that it continued to deny Overstock's allegations. Copper River managing general partner Marc Cohodes said "Although settlement deprives us of the ability to disprove Overstock's case and prosecute our counterclaims, we decided that the litigation costs did not justify passing up a practical way to end four-and-half years of meritless litigation by Overstock."[54][55]
In February 2007, Overstock.com launched a $3.5 billion lawsuit against Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs and other large Wall Street firms, alleging a "massive illegal stock market manipulation scheme" involving naked short selling. Among its allegations, Overstock stated that since at least January 2005, naked short selling has accounted for large portions of Overstock stock, in some cases exceeding the 23.4 million total shares outstanding.[56] The lawsuit alleged that this had created "immense downward pressure" on share prices over time. Kerry Fields, associate professor of law and business ethics at the University of Southern California, said, "Byrne may be able to help set new law if he handles this right." Fields said, Byrne's "best approach now is probably to persuade the SEC, which continues to wander around the issue, or the government to serve subpoenas and let them decide whether or not his company was wronged."[57]
John Coffee, director of the Center on Corporate Governance at Columbia University Law School, described it as overly ambitious and "extremely unpromising."[56] Two members of the Overstock.com board of directors, John Fisher and Ray Groves, resigned in disagreement over the lawsuit.[58][59]
In December 2010, all but two of the prime broker defendants settled out of court with Overstock for $4.4 million.[60] That same month, the company filed a motion seeking to amend its lawsuit against the remaining defendants—Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch—to include claims of RICO violations. The enhanced claims were based on evidence gained through discovery in the case.[61]
On November 18, 2010, seven California district attorneys filed a suit against Overstock, accusing the company of false and misleading claims about prices. They found that Overstock discount claims were often not indexed to prices from competitors, but were simply based on arbitrary markups.[62][63]
In May 2016, a Vancouver Court awarded $1.2 million against Byrne and an employee, Mark Mitchell, and his blog, Deep Capture, for statements made in Deep Capture concerning a local businessman, Altaf Nazerali. The articles described Nazerali as being in cahoots with “Osama Bin Laden’s favorite financier,” and that he worked with criminal syndicates including the Colombian drug cartel, the Russian mafia, and various “jihadi terrorist groups” including al Qaeda’s Golden Chain.[64] The Court found that Byrne, Deep Capture and Mitchell "engaged in a calculated and ruthless campaign to inflict as much damage on Mr. Nazerali’s reputation as they could achieve" and that "their intention was to conduct a vendetta in which the truth about Mr. Nazerali himself was of no consequence." The verdict included $805,000 in aggravated, punitive and special damages. Byrne was also permanently banned from publishing the accusations on the Internet or elsewhere.[65]
SEC and regulatory action
A Securities and Exchange Commission investigation of Gradient Analytics was initiated but then dropped in February 2007.[66][67] An SEC investigation of Overstock.com and Byrne,[68] seeking information as to the company's accounting policies, targets, projections, and estimates relating to its financial performance,[69] continued but was dropped in June 2008.[70]
In July 2007, two American Stock Exchange options market makers were fined and suspended for using Regulation SHO exemptions to "impermissibly engage in naked short selling" in trades involving options and stocks for their own account. Overstock shares were believed to be among the stocks traded. The market makers settled without admitting or denying the allegations. None of the defendants sued by Overstock were named in the decision, but the Dow Jones News Service said that the decision was likely to be used by Byrne in pursuing his case.[71][72][73]
Bitcoin
On January 9, 2014, Overstock.com became the first major retailer to start accepting bitcoin as payments for its goods.[74] On the first day, they made sales worth US$126,000 in bitcoin.[75] This represents a 4.33% increase in sales from their normal income of $3 million per day.[76]
As of March 13, 2014, Overstock bitcoin income had shrunk to under 1% of their normal daily cash intake.[77]
In a community interview with social media site Reddit on May 3, 2014, in response to a question to the Overstock CEO Patrick Byrne about the percentage of revenue and transactions paid for in bitcoin, Byrne responded that the percentage was "Tiny. <.1%".[78] In mid-2014 Overstock.com announced that bitcoin sales were averaging $300,000 per month and that the company expected bitcoin sales to add 4 cents to the company's 2014 earnings per share.[79]
On September 14, 2014, Overstock announced it would begin donating 4% of bitcoin revenue to foundations that were advocating for cryptocurrency.[80]
See also
References
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ignored (help) - ^ Overstock and Patrick Byrne sue New York over Amazon Tax, by Cade Metz, The Register, June 2, 2008
- ^ Ben Klayman (March 17, 2011). "States, business watch for effects of Illinois tax". Reuters.
{{cite news}}
:|access-date=
requires|url=
(help) - ^ "National Retail Federation". Nrf.com. January 12, 2010. Retrieved February 7, 2014.
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{{cite news}}
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(help) - ^ a b Beebe, Paul (October 13, 2008). "Overstock.com settles suit with research firm". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved October 17, 2008.
- ^ "Industry News-Institutional and Traditional Investment News-eVestment – Institutional Investment – Hedge Fund News – Pension Fund Media Coverage". Hedgefund.net. Retrieved February 7, 2014.
- ^ "Overstock says it settles with hedge fund". Reuters. December 8, 2008. Retrieved December 9, 2009.
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(help) - ^ Inc, Overstock (December 8, 2009). "Rocker Pays $5 Million to Overstock.com to Settle Lawsuit". Press Release. Retrieved December 8, 2009.
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has generic name (help) - ^ "Copper River Partners Settles Lawsuit with Overstock.com, Inc". PR Newswire. December 9, 2009. Retrieved December 9, 2009.
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(help) - ^ a b King, Danny (February 3, 2007). "Overstock sues brokers". Deseret Morning News. Retrieved March 22, 2008.
- ^ Sandoval, Greg (March 28, 2007). "Overstock CEO reflects on Cramer debacle". CNET News. Archived from the original on July 10, 2012. Retrieved March 22, 2008.
- ^ King, Danny (February 24, 2007). "Overstock's Suit Spurs Board Exit". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved March 22, 2008.
- ^ King, Danny (May 25, 2007). "Overstock Director Groves Resigns Because of Broker Lawsuit". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved March 22, 2008.
- ^ "Form 8-K for OVERSTOCK.COM, INC". Yahoo. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved November 3, 2013.
- ^ [1] Template:Wayback
- ^ "7 Northern Calif DA's sue Overstock.com". November 18, 2010.
- ^ "DISTRICT ATTORNEYS SUE OVERSTOCK.COM, INC., FOR FALSE ADVERTISING AND UNFAIR BUSINESS PRACTICES, SEEK INJUNCTION, RESTITUTION, AND $15 MILLION IN CIVIL PENALTIES" (Press release). November 17, 2010.
- ^ Nestel, M.L. "The Daily Beast".
- ^ "Vancouver businessman wins $1.2 million for Internet libel". Vancouver Sun. May 7, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
- ^ SEC kills probe of Gradient February 14, 2007
- ^ Appeals court sides with Overstock.com May 31, 2007
- ^ New York Post (May 11, 2007). "Company Byrne-d on Probe Report".
- ^ SEC Form 10Q filed by Overstock.com, dated May 9, 2007
- ^ Sivaraman, Aarthi (June 6, 2008). "Overstock.com says SEC probe ended". Reuters.
- ^ Amex Discplinary Decisions, SBA Trading
- ^ American Stock Exchange announcement of disciplinary action, July 31, 2007
- ^ Carol Remond (August 1, 2007), AMEX Nabs 2 for Reg SHO abuse; 1 Traded Overstock, Dow Jones Newswire
- ^ Metz, Cade (January 9, 2014). "The Grand Experiment Goes Live: Overstock.com Is Now Accepting Bitcoins". Wired. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
- ^ Metz, Cade (January 10, 2014). "In First Day With Bitcoin, Overstock Does $126,000 in Sales". Wired. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
- ^ "Overstock.com increases daily revenue 4.3% by adding bitcoin, first day". Neo Money. January 10, 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
{{cite news}}
:|first=
missing|last=
(help) - ^ Wilhelm, Alex (March 13, 2014). "Overstock's Bitcoin Purchases Account For Less Than 1% Of Revenue, But It's Growing". TechCrunch. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
- ^ "I'm Patrick Byrne, a pro-freedom supporter of cryptocurrency and school vouchers, early critic of Wall Street, three time cancer survivor, journalist at DeepCapture.com, and CEO and founder of Overstock.com. AMA!". Reddit. May 3, 2014. Retrieved May 5, 2014.
- ^ Chavez-Dreyfuss, Gertrude (August 13, 2014). "Overstock CEO says bitcoin sales to add 4 cents to 2014 EPS". Reuters/Yahoo! News. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
- ^ "Overstock to Donate 4% of Bitcoin Revenue to Foundations Advocating Cryptocurrency Adoption". Overstock Investor Portal. September 14, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
External links
- Overstock.com
- Five-year stock price
- "Overstock.com Rezzes Into Second Life", CNN ireport.com, 2008-05-02. Retrieved on 2008-05-02.